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Syllabus

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dwesh k singh
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Annexure VII

Subject {L-T-P - C}: Basic Thermodynamics/ Thermal Science {3-1-0 -4}

Subject Nature: Theory

SYLLABUS

Module-I [4 hours]

Fundamental Concepts & Definitions: Thermodynamic definition and scope, Microscopic


and Macroscopic approaches. Some practical applications of engineering thermodynamic
Systems, Characteristics of system boundary and control surface, examples. Thermodynamic
properties; definition and units, intensive, extensive properties, specific properties, pressure,
specific volume, Thermodynamic state, state point, state diagram, path and process, quasi-static
process, cyclic and non-cyclic; processes; Thermodynamic equilibrium; definition, mechanical
equilibrium; diathermic wall, thermal equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, Zeroth law of
thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, international fixed points and measurement
of temperature. Constant volume gas thermometer, constant pressure gas thermometer,
mercury in glass thermometer.

Module-2 [6 hours]

Work and Heat: Mechanics, definition of work and its limitations. Thermodynamic definition
of work; examples, sign convention. Displacement work; as a part of a system boundary, as a
whole of a system boundary, expressions for displacement work in various processes through
p-v diagrams. Shaft work; Electrical work. Other types of work. Heat; definition, units and sign
convention. Problems.
First Law of Thermodynamics: Joules experiments, equivalence of heat and work. Statement
of the First law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non - cyclic processes, energy,
energy as a property, modes of energy, Extension of the First law to control volume; steady
flow energy equation (SFEE), important applications

Module-III [6 hours]

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Thermal


reservoir, heat engine and heat pump: Schematic representation, efficiency and COP. Reversed
heat engine, schematic representation, importance and superiority of a reversible heat engine
and irreversible processes, internal and external reversibility. Kelvin - Planck statement of the
Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of
Thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements; Carnot cycle, Carnot principles.
Problems
Entropy: Clausius inequality, Statement- proof, Entropy- definition, a property, change of
entropy, entropy as a quantitative test for irreversibility, principle of increase in entropy,
entropy as a coordinate.
Thermodynamic Relations, Equilibrium and Third Law
Some Mathematical Theorems, Maxwell's Equations, TdS Equations, Difference in Heat
Capacities, Ratio of Heat Capacities, Energy Equation, Jonie-Kelvin Effect, Clausius-
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Clapeyron Equation, Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties from an Equation of State,
General Thermodynamic Considerations on an Equation of State, Mixtures of Variable
Composition, Conditions of Equilibrium of a Heterogeneous System, Gibbs Phase Rule, Types
of Equilibrium, Local Equilibrium Conditions, Conditions of Stability, Third Law of
Thermodynamics.

Module-IV [6 hours]

Availability, Irreversibility and General Thermodynamic relations: Introduction,


Availability (Exergy), Unavailable energy, Relation between increase in unavailable energy
and increase in entropy. Maximum work, maximum useful work for a system and control
volume, irreversibility.
Pure Substances: P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Sub-cooled liquid,
saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapor, saturated vapor and superheated vapor
states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat).
Dryness fraction (quality), T-S and H-S diagrams, representation of various processes on these
diagrams. Steam tables and its use. Throttling calorimeter, separating and throttling
calorimeter.
Ideal gases: Ideal gas mixtures, Daltons law of partial pressures, Amagat’s law of additive
volumes, evaluation of properties of perfect and ideal gases, Air- Water mixtures and related
properties.
Real gases –Introduction, Van-der Waal's Equation of state, Van-der Waal's constants in terms
of critical properties, Beattie-Bridgeman equation, Law of corresponding states,
compressibility factor; compressibility chart. Difference between Ideal and real gases.

Module-V [4 hours]

Gas Power Cycles: Carnot Cycle, Stirling Cycle, Ericsson Cycle, Air Standard Cycles, Otto
Cycle, Diesel Cycle, Limited Pressure Cycle, Mixed Cycle, Dual Cycle, Comparison of Otto,
Diesel, and Dual Cycles, Brayton Cycle, Aircraft Propulsion, Brayton-Rankine Combined
Cycle.

Books

1. Claus Borgnakke ; Richard E. Sonntag; Souvik Bhattacharyya; Manoj Kumar Soni,


“Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, Wiley (31 May 2022); Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
2. Sonntag , Borgnakke , Van Wylen,” Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, Wiley
India Publication ( 2007).
3. PK Nag, “Basic and Applied Thermodynamics”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited (Current Edition).
4. Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Daisie D. Boettner, Margaret B. Bailey,
“Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics” Wiley Publication, Current
Edition.
5. Kalyan Annamalai and Ishwar K Puri, “Advanced Thermodynamics Engineering”,
CRC Press (Current Edition).
6. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles , Mehmet Kanoglu, “ Thermodynamics - An
Engineering Approach”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
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