A Global Warning

A. The Stern Review Report on The Economics of Climate Change, published in 2006, the
same year as Al Gore’s highly-acclaimed film and book, An Inconvenient Truth, made it
clear that governments need to take the issue of global warming very seriously indeed.
The Stern Review examined the issue of climate change from an economic perspective,
looking at what it would cost the government to take appropriate action, and what it
would cost if appropriate action were not taken. The report also highlighted a number of
catastrophes that would occur if urgent measures were not taken to stop the carbon
dioxide production that is heating up the planet. The report indicates that in the last 200
years, average temperatures on the planet have increased by less than one degree Celsius;
however, if we do not control the rising carbon dioxide levels over the next 100 years, a
rise of up to five degrees Celsius can be expected. This will have an enormous impact on
global economic growth and will cause many potentially disastrous changes, including
the following:
B. Melting glaciers–Beginning in the Andes, and then extending to the huge glaciers of the
Himalayas, the ice will begin to disappear, threatening the water supply of billions of
people. Sea levels will also rise, flooding huge areas of the world, including cities such as
London and Tokyo.
C. Melting ice sheets—Not only will glaciers melt, but as the planet warms up, the huge
Antarctic Ice Sheets and the floating sea ice of the Arctic will begin to melt, again
resulting in catastrophic rises in sea levels. It is estimated that Arctic summers will be
ice-free within 10 years, and the landscapes of the Antarctic will change beyond
recognition by 2050. The vast ice plains of Greenland are also under threat.
D. The acidity resulting from the huge amounts of CO2 that the oceans will absorb will lead
to the extinction of hundreds of species as marine ecosystems are destroyed; this will also
threaten the fishing industry as thousands of millions of fish die off. This in turn will
destroy the livelihood of thousands of fishing communities that depend on already
overfished coastal areas.
E. Accompanying the floods will be an increasing occurrence of droughts, with a decrease
of up to 30% in water availability in Africa, and similar decreases in Australia. This will,
of course, result in crop failure and malnutrition the world over. It will also lead to an
increase in disease, particularly in tropical regions. Large cities in dry regions will find it
increasingly difficult to provide enough water for their populations.
F. Hurricanes, cyclones and tidal waves–Both Al Gore’s book and the Stern Review
indicate that if global temperatures continue to rise, we can expect a greater number of
extreme weather phenomena, of an increased severity. Hurricane Katrina, which
devastated the United States in 2005, is cited as just one example of the kind of
environmental and economic havoc that will result from unchecked global warming.
Typhoons, which often cause extensive flooding, are becoming more frequent and
devastating in South East Asia.
G. Up to 50% of animal and plant species on the planet, beginning with those living in
fragile environments such as coral reefs, tropical rainforest and alpine tundra, will
become extinct. Climate change will eventually affect every ecosystem on the planet as
temperatures increase, rainforest is destroyed and sea levels rise, leading to flooding and
 drought. The impact on ecosystems will be so dramatic that they will never recover from
the damage caused by rising temperatures.
H. Does all this sound too depressing even to contemplate? Well, don’t despair: if you are
optimistic by nature, there are two approaches to tackling the problem of global warming
you could take.
I. The first approach is to begin to act locally to do your bit to reduce CO2 emissions and
minimise pollution, at the same time hoping that governments will listen to the
recommendations of the Stern Review, which, while recognising the seriousness of the
threat, clearly indicates that if action is taken now, the right balance between economic
growth and environmental conservation may be achieved. The Report is significant, both
in its scope and its depth, and it does offer a positive outcome that allows economic
growth to continue–so perhaps this will convince governments to take the action
necessary to save the planet from environmental and economic disaster.
J. The second approach you could take, if you wish to remain optimistic, is to disregard the
warnings of Al Gore, the Stern Review team and other like-minded harbingers of doom,
and instead opt for the much more positive and less dramatic stance taken by a very
different group of scientists and economists. With its nominal leader the Danish
economist, Bjorn Lomborg, the Omgivelse group believes that many of the predictions of
the environmentalists are hugely exaggerated. Like Stern, Lomborg takes a pragmatic
economic approach to the environmental situation and argues for investment in
environmental research and development, rather than ‘quick-fix’ measures that would
not, he claims, solve the problem. With significantly less investment than that
recommended in the Kyoto Accord or by the Stern Review Report, Lomborg believes the
planet can be saved.

Pada IELTS Reading, ada jenis pertanyaan dimana peserta tes akan diminta untuk menyelesaikan
kalimat yang diambil berdasarkan teks bacaan. Instruksi yang diberikan umumnya menentukan
jumlah kata atau angka yang harus digunakan sebagai jawaban, seperti ‘TIDAK LEBIH DARI
TIGA KATA DAN/ATAU ANGKA dari bacaan’, ‘HANYA SATU KATA’, atau ‘TIDAK
LEBIH DARI DUA KATA’. Jika kamu menuliskan lebih dari yang telah di intruksikan, kamu
akan kehilangan nilai.

Biar kamu ada gambaran, berikut contoh soal “menyelesaikan kalimat” pada tes reading IELTS:
Complete the summary below
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The Stern Review Report emphasised the …1… to assess seriously the problem of global
warming from …2… point of view. It also focused on a number of environmental …3… that
would happen if governments do not act to prevent climate change.
KEY :

1. (need), Text — …made it clear that governments need to take the issue of global
warming very seriously indeed. Paragraph A.
2. (an economic), Text — …examined the issue of climate change from an economic
perspective. Paragraph A.
3. (disasters/catastrophes), Text — The report also highlighted a number of catastrophes
that would occur … Paragraph A.

Soal mencocokkan judul dalam IELTS Reading meminta peserta tes untuk mengaitkan judul dengan ide
utama dalam paragraf atau bagian teks. Diberikan daftar judul yang harus dipasangkan dengan paragraf
atau bagian yang sesuai. Tantangannya adalah judul dalam daftar lebih banyak daripada paragraf, dan
tidak semua judul digunakan. Peserta perlu mengidentifikasi dengan jelas tema utama dalam teks untuk
menyelesaikan tugas ini.

Choose the most suitable heading, i – xiii, for each paragrah from the list of the headings below.

List of headings

i. Long-term Solutions
ii. A Balancing Act
iii. Killing Wildlife
iv. Extreme Weather
v. Water Crisis
vi. Endangering Sea Life
vii. Sinking Cities
viii. Intensive Farming
ix. Trouble at the Poles
x. Alarming Studies
xi. Two Outlooks
xii. Arctic Wildlife
xiii. Burning Coal

4. Paragraph A …………………..

5. Paragraph B …………………..

6. Paragraph C …………………..

xiv. 7. Paragraph D …………………..

xv. 8. Paragraph E …………………..
xvi. 9. Paragraph F …………………..
xvii. 10. Paragraph G …………………..
 xviii. 11. Paragraph I …………………..
xix. 12. Paragraph J …………………..

Mencocokkan Akhir Kalimat” pada IELTS Reading

Pada soal ini, peserta diminta untuk memilih opsi kalimat yang paling sesuai untuk melengkapi
setengah bagian akhir kalimat yang diberikan. Peserta tes dihadapkan pada beragam pilihan, di
mana jumlah opsi lebih banyak daripada pertanyaan yang diajukan. Jawaban-jawaban diatur
sesuai urutan informasi dalam bacaan, menguji kemampuan peserta dalam memahami ide utama
dalam suatu kalimat. Biar lebih mudah dipahami, berikut contoh soal mencocokkan akhir
kalimat:

Complete each of the following statement, 1 – 3, with the best ending, A – H, from the list of
ending below.

Write the correct letters, A – H, next to Questions 13 – 15.

Contoh: Lomborg believes that we can ……E……

13. The Stern Review points out that it is not too late ……………..

14. More optimistic commentators like Bjorn Lomborg believe that politicians and scientists
need ……………….

15. Bjorn Lomborg argues that short-term measures will not help ………………..

List of endings

A. to sign international environmental treaties.

B. to strike the balance between economy and environment.
C. to take personal responsibility for reducing CO2 emissions.
D. to stop exaggerating the issue.
E. save the planet.
F. to find a solution to the problem.
G. the issue of global warming.
H. the problem of water pollution.

13. (B), Text — …the right balance between economic growth and environmental
conservation may be achieved. Paragraph I.
14. (D), Text — … the Omgivelse group believe that many of the predictions of the
environmentalists are hugely exaggerated. Paragraph J.
15. (F), Text — … than ‘quick-fix’ measures that would not, he claims, solve the problem.
Paragraph J.
 Digital Photography Courses

The Department of Media Design offers digital photography courses to all first-year students.
The courses are offered at two levels.

Digital Photography Level 1 is a 20-hour course aimed at students with little or no experience of
digital photography, and is designed to teach the essentials of digital photography to people at
beginner level. Course participants will learn about digital camera settings and modes, image file
types and sizes, and image manipulating software.

Digital Photography Level 2 is a 30-hour course aimed at people with some experience and
knowledge of the subject. Participants who wish to enrol on the course should be familiar with
digital camera settings and modes and Adobe Photoshop@ software. The course covers
advanced camera settings which include exposure, flash compensation and shutter speeds.
Participants will also learn advanced image processing techniques and principles of photo
composition and photo image printing. At the end of the course, participants are expected to
submit a project portfolio.

Qualified trainers, graduates of the Media Studies Department who are all experienced
professional photographers working full-time in the media industry, will be delivering the course
to four groups of maximum 10 participants each.

How to enrol

You can leave the application form at the main desk at Lincoln Library or fill it in online at
www. digiphoto.uk.edu/application. Tuition is free and applications are open to all first-year
students; second- and third-year students enrolled in Marketing or Web Design courses can also
apply. To qualify for a place, you must attach a photocopy of your student ID card to the
application.

Participants are expected to use their own digital cameras, but each participant will have access
to a university computer. The courses run every month three times a week for four weeks,
starting the second week of Semester One. The classes are held in the Lincoln Library Learning
Centre.

University students who successfully complete the course can earn five credits towards their
degree if the course is part of their degree programme. Students who take the course outside the
required degree programme can take a final test and will be awarded a certificate. Participants
wishing to take the test will be charged £10 for the certificate at the beginning of the course.
For more information, please visit www.digiphoto.uk.edu/courses or call the Lincoln Library
Main Desk 3498876 Ext. 401.

Contoh Soal “Pilihan Ganda” pada IELTS Reading

Pertanyaan pilihan ganda terdiri dari tiga jenis:

1. Memilih jawaban terbaik dari empat pilihan (A, B, C, atau D).

2. Memilih dua jawaban terbaik dari lima pilihan (A, B, C, D, atau E).
3. Memilih tiga jawaban terbaik dari tujuh pilihan (A, B, C, D, E, F, atau G).

Setiap pertanyaan pilihan ganda dapat melibatkan penyelesaian kalimat, di mana peserta
diberikan bagian pertama kalimat dan harus memilih opsi yang paling sesuai untuk
melengkapinya. Atau, peserta mungkin diminta menjawab pertanyaan secara lengkap dengan
memilih opsi yang paling benar. Berikut contoh soal pilihan ganda pada reading IELTS:

1. The course is aimed at

A. only Media Design students.

B. all second-year students.
C. all first-year students.
D. only second- and third-year students.

2. Students who wish to enrol in the Level 2 course need to

A. have their own computer.

B. have some knowledge of digital cameras.
C. know the principles of photo composition.
D. show a project portofolio.

3. All course trainers

A. teach Media Studies at the university.

B. studied at the university.
C. have taught the courses before.
D. work full-time at the university.

 (C), Text — … offers digital photography courses to all first-year students. Paragraph 1.
 (B), Text — … course aimed at people with some experience and knowledge of the subject.
Paragraph 3.
 (B), Text — … Qualified trainers, graduates from the Media Studies Department… Paragraph
4
“Mengidentifikasi Informasi” pada IELTS Reading

Pada soal mengidentifikasi informasi, peserta akan disajikan dengan sejumlah pernyataan dan
ditanyai, “Apakah pernyataan berikut ini sesuai dengan informasi yang terdapat dalam teks?”.
Untuk menjawab, Anda perlu menuliskan “True (Benar)”, “False (Salah)”, atau “Not given
(Tidak diberikan)” di kotak jawaban yang tersedia. Berikut contoh soal mengidentifikasi
informasi:

Do the following statement agree with the information given in the reading passage? Next to
Questions 4 – 8, write

 TRUE, if the statement is true according to the passage.

 FALSE, if the statement is false according to the passage.
 NOT GIVEN, if the information is not given in the passage.

4. You can fill in the application electronically. ………

5. Applicants must buy a course book. ………

6. Digital cameras and computers will be provided by the university. ………

7. The courses run only in Semester One. ………

8. Every student who successfully completes the course can earn credits towards his/her degree.
………

4. (TRUE), Text — …or fill it in online… Paragraph 5.

5. (NOT GIVEN)
6. (FALSE), Text — Participants are expected to use their own digital cameras, but each
participant will have access to a university computer. Paragraph 6.
7. (FALSE), Text — The courses run every month three times a week… Paragraph 6.
8. (FALSE), Text — … earn five credits towards their degree if the course is part of their
degree programme. Paragraph 7.