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In [1]:

1 import pandas as pd
2 import numpy as np
3 import seaborn as sns
4 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [4]:

1 df = pd.read_csv("uber.csv")
2 df

Out[4]:

Unnamed:
key fare_amount pickup_datetime pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passen
0

2015-05-07 2015-05-07
0 24238194 7.5 -73.999817 40.738354 -73.999512 40.723217
19:52:06.0000003 19:52:06 UTC

2009-07-17 2009-07-17
1 27835199 7.7 -73.994355 40.728225 -73.994710 40.750325
20:04:56.0000002 20:04:56 UTC

2009-08-24 2009-08-24
2 44984355 12.9 -74.005043 40.740770 -73.962565 40.772647
21:45:00.00000061 21:45:00 UTC

2009-06-26 2009-06-26
3 25894730 5.3 -73.976124 40.790844 -73.965316 40.803349
08:22:21.0000001 08:22:21 UTC

2014-08-28 2014-08-28
4 17610152 16.0 -73.925023 40.744085 -73.973082 40.761247
17:47:00.000000188 17:47:00 UTC

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2012-10-28 2012-10-28
199995 42598914 3.0 -73.987042 40.739367 -73.986525 40.740297
10:49:00.00000053 10:49:00 UTC

2014-03-14 2014-03-14
199996 16382965 7.5 -73.984722 40.736837 -74.006672 40.739620
01:09:00.0000008 01:09:00 UTC

2009-06-29 2009-06-29
199997 27804658 30.9 -73.986017 40.756487 -73.858957 40.692588
00:42:00.00000078 00:42:00 UTC

2015-05-20 2015-05-20
199998 20259894 14.5 -73.997124 40.725452 -73.983215 40.695415
14:56:25.0000004 14:56:25 UTC

2010-05-15 2010-05-15
199999 11951496 14.1 -73.984395 40.720077 -73.985508 40.768793
04:08:00.00000076 04:08:00 UTC

200000 rows × 9 columns

In [5]:

1 df.head()

Out[5]:

Unnamed:
key fare_amount pickup_datetime pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_co
0

2015-05-07 2015-05-07
0 24238194 7.5 -73.999817 40.738354 -73.999512 40.723217
19:52:06.0000003 19:52:06 UTC

2009-07-17 2009-07-17
1 27835199 7.7 -73.994355 40.728225 -73.994710 40.750325
20:04:56.0000002 20:04:56 UTC

2009-08-24 2009-08-24
2 44984355 12.9 -74.005043 40.740770 -73.962565 40.772647
21:45:00.00000061 21:45:00 UTC

2009-06-26 2009-06-26
3 25894730 5.3 -73.976124 40.790844 -73.965316 40.803349
08:22:21.0000001 08:22:21 UTC

2014-08-28 2014-08-28
4 17610152 16.0 -73.925023 40.744085 -73.973082 40.761247
17:47:00.000000188 17:47:00 UTC

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In [6]:

1 df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 200000 entries, 0 to 199999
Data columns (total 9 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Unnamed: 0 200000 non-null int64
1 key 200000 non-null object
2 fare_amount 200000 non-null float64
3 pickup_datetime 200000 non-null object
4 pickup_longitude 200000 non-null float64
5 pickup_latitude 200000 non-null float64
6 dropoff_longitude 199999 non-null float64
7 dropoff_latitude 199999 non-null float64
8 passenger_count 200000 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(5), int64(2), object(2)
memory usage: 13.7+ MB

In [7]:

1 df.columns

Out[7]:

Index(['Unnamed: 0', 'key', 'fare_amount', 'pickup_datetime',

'pickup_longitude', 'pickup_latitude', 'dropoff_longitude',
'dropoff_latitude', 'passenger_count'],
dtype='object')

In [8]:

1 df =df.drop(['Unnamed: 0', 'key'], axis =1)

In [9]:

1 df.head()

Out[9]:

fare_amount pickup_datetime pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_count

0 7.5 2015-05-07 19:52:06 UTC -73.999817 40.738354 -73.999512 40.723217 1

1 7.7 2009-07-17 20:04:56 UTC -73.994355 40.728225 -73.994710 40.750325 1

2 12.9 2009-08-24 21:45:00 UTC -74.005043 40.740770 -73.962565 40.772647 1

3 5.3 2009-06-26 08:22:21 UTC -73.976124 40.790844 -73.965316 40.803349 3

4 16.0 2014-08-28 17:47:00 UTC -73.925023 40.744085 -73.973082 40.761247 5

In [10]:

1 df.shape

Out[10]:

(200000, 7)

In [11]:

1 df.dtypes

Out[11]:

fare_amount float64
pickup_datetime object
pickup_longitude float64
pickup_latitude float64
dropoff_longitude float64
dropoff_latitude float64
passenger_count int64
dtype: object

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In [12]:

1 df.describe()

Out[12]:

fare_amount pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_count

count 200000.000000 200000.000000 200000.000000 199999.000000 199999.000000 200000.000000

mean 11.359955 -72.527638 39.935885 -72.525292 39.923890 1.684535

std 9.901776 11.437787 7.720539 13.117408 6.794829 1.385997

min -52.000000 -1340.648410 -74.015515 -3356.666300 -881.985513 0.000000

25% 6.000000 -73.992065 40.734796 -73.991407 40.733823 1.000000

50% 8.500000 -73.981823 40.752592 -73.980093 40.753042 1.000000

75% 12.500000 -73.967154 40.767158 -73.963658 40.768001 2.000000

max 499.000000 57.418457 1644.421482 1153.572603 872.697628 208.000000

In [13]:

1 df.isnull().sum()

Out[13]:

fare_amount 0
pickup_datetime 0
pickup_longitude 0
pickup_latitude 0
dropoff_longitude 1
dropoff_latitude 1
passenger_count 0
dtype: int64

In [14]:

1 df['dropoff_latitude'].fillna(value=df['dropoff_latitude'].mean(), inplace=True)

In [15]:

1 df.isnull().sum()

Out[15]:

fare_amount 0
pickup_datetime 0
pickup_longitude 0
pickup_latitude 0
dropoff_longitude 1
dropoff_latitude 0
passenger_count 0
dtype: int64

In [16]:

1 df['dropoff_longitude'].fillna(value=df['dropoff_longitude'].median(), inplace=True)

In [17]:

1 df.isnull().sum()

Out[17]:

fare_amount 0
pickup_datetime 0
pickup_longitude 0
pickup_latitude 0
dropoff_longitude 0
dropoff_latitude 0
passenger_count 0
dtype: int64

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In [18]:

1 df.dtypes

Out[18]:

fare_amount float64
pickup_datetime object
pickup_longitude float64
pickup_latitude float64
dropoff_longitude float64
dropoff_latitude float64
passenger_count int64
dtype: object

In [19]:

1 df.pickup_datetime = pd.to_datetime(df.pickup_datetime, errors='coerce')

In [20]:

1 df.dtypes

Out[20]:

fare_amount float64
pickup_datetime datetime64[ns, UTC]
pickup_longitude float64
pickup_latitude float64
dropoff_longitude float64
dropoff_latitude float64
passenger_count int64
dtype: object

In [21]:

1 df= df.assign(hour = df.pickup_datetime.dt.hour,

2 day = df.pickup_datetime.dt.day,
3 month = df.pickup_datetime.dt.month,
4 year = df.pickup_datetime.dt.year,
5 dayofweek = df.pickup_datetime.dt.dayofweek)
6

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In [22]:

1 df.head

Out[22]:

<bound method NDFrame.head of fare_amount pickup_datetime pickup_longitude \

0 7.5 2015-05-07 19:52:06+00:00 -73.999817
1 7.7 2009-07-17 20:04:56+00:00 -73.994355
2 12.9 2009-08-24 21:45:00+00:00 -74.005043
3 5.3 2009-06-26 08:22:21+00:00 -73.976124
4 16.0 2014-08-28 17:47:00+00:00 -73.925023
... ... ... ...
199995 3.0 2012-10-28 10:49:00+00:00 -73.987042
199996 7.5 2014-03-14 01:09:00+00:00 -73.984722
199997 30.9 2009-06-29 00:42:00+00:00 -73.986017
199998 14.5 2015-05-20 14:56:25+00:00 -73.997124
199999 14.1 2010-05-15 04:08:00+00:00 -73.984395

pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_count \

0 40.738354 -73.999512 40.723217 1
1 40.728225 -73.994710 40.750325 1
2 40.740770 -73.962565 40.772647 1
3 40.790844 -73.965316 40.803349 3
4 40.744085 -73.973082 40.761247 5
... ... ... ... ...
199995 40.739367 -73.986525 40.740297 1
199996 40.736837 -74.006672 40.739620 1
199997 40.756487 -73.858957 40.692588 2
199998 40.725452 -73.983215 40.695415 1
199999 40.720077 -73.985508 40.768793 1

hour day month year dayofweek

0 19 7 5 2015 3
1 20 17 7 2009 4
2 21 24 8 2009 0
3 8 26 6 2009 4
4 17 28 8 2014 3
... ... ... ... ... ...
199995 10 28 10 2012 6
199996 1 14 3 2014 4
199997 0 29 6 2009 0
199998 14 20 5 2015 2
199999 4 15 5 2010 5

[200000 rows x 12 columns]>

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In [41]:

1 df = df.drop('pickup_datetime', axis =1)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_19836\3060153060.py in <module>
----> 1 df = df.drop('pickup_datetime', axis =1)

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_decorators.py in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)

309 stacklevel=stacklevel,
310 )
--> 311 return func(*args, **kwargs)
312
313 return wrapper

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py in drop(self, labels, axis, index, columns, level, in

place, errors)
4955 weight 1.0 0.8
4956 """
-> 4957 return super().drop(
4958 labels=labels,
4959 axis=axis,

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in drop(self, labels, axis, index, columns, level,

inplace, errors)
4265 for axis, labels in axes.items():
4266 if labels is not None:
-> 4267 obj = obj._drop_axis(labels, axis, level=level, errors=errors)
4268
4269 if inplace:

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in _drop_axis(self, labels, axis, level, errors, co

nsolidate, only_slice)
4309 new_axis = axis.drop(labels, level=level, errors=errors)
4310 else:
-> 4311 new_axis = axis.drop(labels, errors=errors)
4312 indexer = axis.get_indexer(new_axis)
4313

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in drop(self, labels, errors)

6659 if mask.any():
6660 if errors != "ignore":
-> 6661 raise KeyError(f"{list(labels[mask])} not found in axis")
6662 indexer = indexer[~mask]
6663 return self.delete(indexer)

KeyError: "['pickup_datetime'] not found in axis"

In [ ]:

1 df.head

In [25]:

1 df.dtypes

Out[25]:

fare_amount float64
pickup_longitude float64
pickup_latitude float64
dropoff_longitude float64
dropoff_latitude float64
passenger_count int64
hour int64
day int64
month int64
year int64
dayofweek int64
dtype: object

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In [26]:

1 df.plot(kind="box", subplots = True,layout =(7,2),figsize=(15,20))

Out[26]:

fare_amount AxesSubplot(0.125,0.786098;0.352273x0.0939024)
pickup_longitude AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.786098;0.352273x0.0939024)
pickup_latitude AxesSubplot(0.125,0.673415;0.352273x0.0939024)
dropoff_longitude AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.673415;0.352273x0.0939024)
dropoff_latitude AxesSubplot(0.125,0.560732;0.352273x0.0939024)
passenger_count AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.560732;0.352273x0.0939024)
hour AxesSubplot(0.125,0.448049;0.352273x0.0939024)
day AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.448049;0.352273x0.0939024)
month AxesSubplot(0.125,0.335366;0.352273x0.0939024)
year AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.335366;0.352273x0.0939024)
dayofweek AxesSubplot(0.125,0.222683;0.352273x0.0939024)
dtype: object

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In [27]:

1 def remove_outlier(df1, col):

2 Q1 =df1[col].quantile(0.25)
3 Q3= df1[col].quantile (0.75)
4 IQR= Q3 - Q1
5 lower_whisker= Q1-1.5*IQR
6 upper_whisker= Q3+1.5*IQR
7 df[col] = np.clip(df1[col], lower_whisker, upper_whisker)
8 return df1
9
10 def treat_outliers_all(df1, col_list):
11 for c in col_list:
12 df1 = remove_outlier(df, c)
13 return df1

In [28]:

1 df = treat_outliers_all(df,df.iloc[:, 0::])

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In [29]:

1 df.plot(kind = "box",subplots = True,layout=(7,2),figsize=(15,20))

Out[29]:

fare_amount AxesSubplot(0.125,0.786098;0.352273x0.0939024)
pickup_longitude AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.786098;0.352273x0.0939024)
pickup_latitude AxesSubplot(0.125,0.673415;0.352273x0.0939024)
dropoff_longitude AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.673415;0.352273x0.0939024)
dropoff_latitude AxesSubplot(0.125,0.560732;0.352273x0.0939024)
passenger_count AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.560732;0.352273x0.0939024)
hour AxesSubplot(0.125,0.448049;0.352273x0.0939024)
day AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.448049;0.352273x0.0939024)
month AxesSubplot(0.125,0.335366;0.352273x0.0939024)
year AxesSubplot(0.547727,0.335366;0.352273x0.0939024)
dayofweek AxesSubplot(0.125,0.222683;0.352273x0.0939024)
dtype: object

In [ ]:

1 pip install haversine

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In [42]:

1 import haversine as hs
2 travel_dist = []
3 for pos in range(len(df['pickup_longitude'])):
4 long1,lati1,long2,lati2 = [df['pickup_longitude'][pos],df['pickup_latitude'][pos],df['dropoff_longitude'][pos],df['dropoff_l
5 loc1 =(lati1,long1)
6 loc2 =(lati2,long2)
7 c = hs.haversine(loc1,loc2)
8 travel_dist.append(c)
9
10 print(travel_dist)
11 df['dist_travel_km']= travel_dist
12 df.head

IOPub data rate exceeded.

The notebook server will temporarily stop sending output
to the client in order to avoid crashing it.
To change this limit, set the config variable
`--NotebookApp.iopub_data_rate_limit`.

Current values:
NotebookApp.iopub_data_rate_limit=1000000.0 (bytes/sec)
NotebookApp.rate_limit_window=3.0 (secs)

Out[42]:

<bound method NDFrame.head of fare_amount pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude \

0 7.50 -73.999817 40.738354 -73.999512
1 7.70 -73.994355 40.728225 -73.994710
2 12.90 -74.005043 40.740770 -73.962565
3 5.30 -73.976124 40.790844 -73.965316
4 16.00 -73.929786 40.744085 -73.973082
... ... ... ... ...
199995 3.00 -73.987042 40.739367 -73.986525
199996 7.50 -73.984722 40.736837 -74.006672
199997 22.25 -73.986017 40.756487 -73.922036
199998 14.50 -73.997124 40.725452 -73.983215
199999 14.10 -73.984395 40.720077 -73.985508

dropoff_latitude passenger_count hour day month year dayofweek \

0 40.723217 1.0 19 7 5 2015 3
1 40.750325 1.0 20 17 7 2009 4
2 40.772647 1.0 21 24 8 2009 0
3 40.803349 3.0 8 26 6 2009 4
4 40.761247 3.5 17 28 8 2014 3
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
199995 40.740297 1.0 10 28 10 2012 6
199996 40.739620 1.0 1 14 3 2014 4
199997 40.692588 2.0 0 29 6 2009 0
199998 40.695415 1.0 14 20 5 2015 2
199999 40.768793 1.0 4 15 5 2010 5

dist_travel_km
0 12758.286154
1 12756.625962
2 12754.446942
3 12760.320445
4 12755.985008
... ...
199995 12756.954766
199996 12758.913797
199997 12751.688525
199998 12755.039558
199999 12754.696728

[200000 rows x 12 columns]>

In [43]:

1 df = df.loc[(df.dist_travel_km>=1) |(df.dist_travel_km<=130) ]
2 print("Remaining obervation:" , df.shape)

Remaining obervation: (200000, 12)

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In [44]:

1 incorrect_coordinates =df.loc[(df.pickup_latitude>90) | (df.pickup_latitude< -90)|

2 (df.dropoff_latitude>90) | (df.dropoff_latitude< -90) |
3 (df.pickup_longitude>180)| (df.pickup_longitude< -180)|
4 (df.dropoff_latitude>90) | (df.dropoff_latitude< -90)
5 ]
6
7

In [45]:

1 df.drop(incorrect_coordinates, inplace = True, errors ='ignore')

In [46]:

1 df.head()

Out[46]:

fare_amount pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_count hour day month year dayofweek dist_t

0 7.5 -73.999817 40.738354 -73.999512 40.723217 1.0 19 7 5 2015 3 1275

1 7.7 -73.994355 40.728225 -73.994710 40.750325 1.0 20 17 7 2009 4 1275

2 12.9 -74.005043 40.740770 -73.962565 40.772647 1.0 21 24 8 2009 0 1275

3 5.3 -73.976124 40.790844 -73.965316 40.803349 3.0 8 26 6 2009 4 1276

4 16.0 -73.929786 40.744085 -73.973082 40.761247 3.5 17 28 8 2014 3 1275

In [47]:

1 df.isnull().sum()

Out[47]:

fare_amount 0
pickup_longitude 0
pickup_latitude 0
dropoff_longitude 0
dropoff_latitude 0
passenger_count 0
hour 0
day 0
month 0
year 0
dayofweek 0
dist_travel_km 0
dtype: int64

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In [48]:

1 sns.heatmap(df.isnull())

Out[48]:

<AxesSubplot:>

In [49]:

1 corr = df.corr()

In [50]:

1 corr

Out[50]:

fare_amount pickup_longitude pickup_latitude dropoff_longitude dropoff_latitude passenger_count hour day mo

fare_amount 1.000000 0.154069 -0.110842 0.218675 -0.125898 0.015778 -0.023623 0.004534 0.030

pickup_longitude 0.154069 1.000000 0.259497 0.425619 0.073290 -0.013213 0.011579 -0.003204 0.001

pickup_latitude -0.110842 0.259497 1.000000 0.048889 0.515714 -0.012889 0.029681 -0.001553 0.001

dropoff_longitude 0.218675 0.425619 0.048889 1.000000 0.245667 -0.009303 -0.046558 -0.004007 0.002

dropoff_latitude -0.125898 0.073290 0.515714 0.245667 1.000000 -0.006308 0.019783 -0.003479 -0.001

passenger_count 0.015778 -0.013213 -0.012889 -0.009303 -0.006308 1.000000 0.020274 0.002712 0.010

hour -0.023623 0.011579 0.029681 -0.046558 0.019783 0.020274 1.000000 0.004677 -0.003

day 0.004534 -0.003204 -0.001553 -0.004007 -0.003479 0.002712 0.004677 1.000000 -0.017

month 0.030817 0.001169 0.001562 0.002391 -0.001193 0.010351 -0.003926 -0.017360 1.000

year 0.141277 0.010198 -0.014243 0.011346 -0.009603 -0.009749 0.002156 -0.012170 -0.115

dayofweek 0.013652 -0.024652 -0.042310 -0.003336 -0.031919 0.048550 -0.086947 0.005617 -0.008

dist_travel_km -0.233982 -0.091832 0.731839 -0.644884 0.227001 -0.003515 0.054475 0.001546 -0.000

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In [100]:

1 fig,axis = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,6))

2 sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot = True)

Out[100]:

<Axes: >

In [51]:

1 df.dtypes

Out[51]:

fare_amount float64
pickup_longitude float64
pickup_latitude float64
dropoff_longitude float64
dropoff_latitude float64
passenger_count float64
hour int64
day int64
month int64
year int64
dayofweek int64
dist_travel_km float64
dtype: object

In [59]:

1 x = df[['pickup_longitude', 'pickup_latitude','dropoff_longitude', 'passenger_count', 'hour', 'day','month', 'year','dayofweek'

In [60]:

1 y = df['fare_amount']

In [61]:

1 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

2 x_train, x_test, y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size = 0.33)

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In [62]:

1 from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

2 regression = LinearRegression()

In [63]:

1 regression.fit(x_train,y_train)

Out[63]:

LinearRegression()

In [65]:

1 regression.intercept_

Out[65]:

2810.586867670241

In [66]:

1 regression.coef_

Out[66]:

array([ 3.36184179e+01, -1.54274575e+06, 1.54272668e+06, 9.24908560e-02,

1.12392328e-02, 2.68517483e-03, 6.27287508e-02, 3.78329486e-01,
1.17565459e-02, 1.38740317e+04])

In [67]:

1 prediction = regression.predict(x_test)

In [68]:

1 print(prediction)

[23.55019657 13.25135417 7.99420584 ... 9.33548389 8.53506384

9.26098324]

In [69]:

1 y_test

Out[69]:

168553 22.25
24295 12.50
54374 3.70
77398 16.00
80636 4.00
...
114623 6.10
194330 14.50
52536 4.50
136642 12.00
84566 6.00
Name: fare_amount, Length: 66000, dtype: float64

In [72]:

1 from sklearn.metrics import r2_score

In [73]:

1 r2_score(y_test,prediction)

Out[73]:

0.41928436137240455

In [74]:

1 from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error

In [75]:

1 MSE = mean_squared_error(y_test,prediction)

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In [76]:

1 MSE

Out[76]:

16.961152324796327

In [ ]:

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