CHAPTER 9: THE WORLD WE LIVE IN

35. Marine mammals should not be kept in captivity in marine parks any
longer
· Limited space and unnatural · Captive breeding programs:
environments: Marine parks confine Some marine parks argue their
highly intelligent and mobile breeding programs help endangered
creatures like orcas and dolphins to species. They can provide a safe
tanks that are a tiny fraction of their haven for breeding and reintroduction
natural habitat. This restricts their efforts, though the success of these
natural behaviors like long-distance programs is debated.
swims and complex social
interactions, leading to frustration · · Rescue and rehabilitation:
and abnormal behaviors. In the wild, Marine parks can provide care for
orcas can travel hundreds of miles a sick, injured, or orphaned animals
day, something impossible in a that wouldn't survive in the wild.
concrete tank. However, critics argue these cases
are a small percentage of the animals
· · Health and lifespan concerns: in captivity.
Captive marine mammals often have
shorter lifespans than their wild Economic Benefits and
counterparts. Stress from Tourism: Marine parks and
confinement and unnatural aquariums attract tourists and
environments can contribute to generate significant economic
weakened immune systems and benefits for local communities. The
health problems. For example, orcas revenue generated from ticket sales,
in captivity frequently develop dorsal gift shops, and associated tourism
fin collapse, a condition not seen in activities can contribute to
wild whales. conservation efforts, research, and
education programs.
Distorted Perception and
Conservation Illusion: Marine life
in captivity may inadvertently create
a distorted perception of wildlife and
the marine environment. These
artificial settings can create a false
sense of connection and
understanding, potentially
overshadowing the urgent need for
marine conservation in their natural
habitats. This “conservation illusion”
may lead to complacency, as visitors
perceive that the mere existence of
captive animals is a substitute for
broader conservation efforts,
including protecting marine
ecosystems and reducing human
 impacts.

36. Too much attention is paid to keeping a pet even though people
throughout the world are starving
For Against
 I believe that each other might  Pets provide companionship,
support the poverty part of emotional support, and even
health benefits for their owners.
society instead of wasting money This positive impact on human
on pets. Money spent on pet well-being shouldn't be
food, vet care, and luxury pet dismissed. Life is always under
products could be directed severe pressure with sedentary
towards food distribution jobs so keeping animals is
considered as a way of reducing
programs or agricultural stress at home The bond between
development in regions facing humans and animals can foster
famine. According to the latest empathy and a sense of
report of the Food Security responsibility for all living
things, potentially leading to a
Information Network (FSIN) on
greater desire to help those in
global food crises, the number of need.
hungry people last year increased  Loss of a pet can be devasting to
by more than 24 million family members especially
compared to 2022. These are children. Pets have tendency to
blend as a family member, so
issues that need to be resolved
loss of who can create the same
with priority. effect as a loss of a famlit
 Pets don't require expensive food member. As a consequence, it
or fancy accessories. Cheap food can lead to depression in young
and a comfy spot to sleep are children.
sufficient for their well-
being.Compared to humans, pets
like dogs and cats generally have
a stronger constitution. They're
less susceptible to death by
starvation. In contrast, children in
poverty-stricken regions are
tragically dying from
hunger.This human suffering
demands our immediate
attention. Those with financial
 means have a responsibility to
contribute to alleviating hunger
 In a world where millions lack
basic necessities, shouldn't our
primary focus be on alleviating
human suffering before
extending resources to
companion animals? Shouldn't
we prioritize saving a child from
starvation over treating a pet's
toothache?
.

37. It is the responsibility of government to prevent further damage to the

environment
Large-scale solutions: Many Individual choices: While
environmental problems, like climate governments set policies, everyday
change and air pollution, transcend choices by individuals collectively
individual actions and require have a big impact. Reducing
systemic changes. Governments can consumption, using public transport,
enact regulations on industries, invest and choosing energy-efficient
in renewable energy sources, and appliances are all ways individuals
create international agreements to can contribute.
address these issues. Individual Public pressure and activism:
choices like recycling are important, Citizen movements and advocacy
but they can't solve problems like groups can raise public awareness of
pollution from large factories. environmental issues and put
Enforcement and accountability: pressure on governments to enact
Environmental regulations often stronger environmental policies.
require enforcement to be effective. Effective solutions often require a
Governments have the authority to combination of top-down
levy fines and penalties on government action and bottom-up
corporations that violate public pressure.
environmental laws, ensuring
polluters are held accountable.

38. The exploration and development of safe alternatives of fossil fuels

should be the most importation global priority today.
Combating climate change: Fossil · Cost and infrastructure
fuels are the primary driver of challenges: Developing and
climate change, causing rising global deploying renewable energy
temperatures, extreme weather infrastructure requires significant
 events, and rising sea levels. investments. Retrofitting buildings
Transitioning to clean energy sources and power grids can be expensive,
like solar, wind, and geothermal especially in developing countries
power is essential to mitigate these with limited resources.
effects and create a more sustainable
future. · Competing global priorities:
Energy security and independence: Other critical issues like poverty,
Many countries rely on fossil fuels hunger, and access to clean water
from other nations, creating political also demand international attention
and economic vulnerabilities. and resources. While transitioning to
Developing domestic renewable clean energy is vital, some argue
energy sources can reduce immediate needs like food security
dependence on foreign oil and might take precedence in some
enhance energy security. regions.

39. Animal experience should be banned because it is morally wrong to

cause animals to suffer.
Animal sentience and suffering: Medical breakthroughs: Animal
Many animals, especially primates, testing has played a crucial role in
rodents, and dogs, exhibit a high developing countless medicines and
degree of sentience and can treatments, from vaccines for polio
experience pain and fear. Causing and measles to life-saving cancer
them suffering for scientific research therapies. Completely banning
raises ethical concerns, as some animal testing could hinder medical
argue the benefits to humans don't progress in the fight against diseases.
outweigh the moral cost. Safety Concerns: Animal testing
Scientific Validity: Animal testing plays a vital role in ensuring the
results can be unreliable predictors of safety of products like cosmetics,
human responses due to household chemicals, and food
physiological and biological additives before they reach
differences between species. Because consumers. Thanks to some similar
in reality, animal bodies are only factors in both, we can still test it on
similar to humans in a few points and animals. If we try it directly on
are not completely similar, so using humans, it will cause more severe
animals to do experiments to get consequences.
accurate results is wrong and also
morally wrong. Limited applicability of
The availability of alternative alternatives: While alternative
methods: Research is increasingly methods are valuable, they may not
relying on cell cultures, 3D tissue always fully replicate the complex
models, and computer simulations to systems of the human body. Animal
study disease processes and test models can still be necessary for
drugs. These methods can be more testing the safety and efficacy of new
humane and often provide more drugs, especially those targeting
accurate data specific to human specific organs or diseases.
biology.
40. Too much attention and too many resources are given in the protection
of wild animals and birds.
- The case for increased wildlife - Firstly, if we allow any species to
conservation rests on several key disappear, this is actually not a
points. Proponents argue that disaster. Some people may argue that
biodiversity is essential for the health of the biology will be seriously affected
ecosystems and the planet as a whole. if birds and wild animals are on the
Protecting endangered species and their verge of extinction, but this is an
habitats helps maintain ecological exaggeration. Fossil evidence
balance and preserve the intrinsic value suggests that the mass disappearance
of the natural world. They contend that of the dinosaur did not cause any
humans have a moral obligation to be harm to other species on the Earth
responsible stewards of the but merely triggered the emergence
environment and prevent the extinction of others such as the mammal.
of vulnerable animal and plant life. Therefore, we should not devote too
- Secondly, if humans fail to protect much attention to the protection of
wild animals, economic damage to wildlife
many fields is inevitable. Biodiversity - public money is limited. So we
has indeed brought considerable should allocate our national budget
economic value. If there was a to more urgent issues rather than
disappearance of a wild animal, this expending too much in the
would lead to dead threats to other conservation of wild animals and
species because of the interdependency. birds. A great deal of money is
For example, some fishes that are prey required to carry out any project to
to whales would disappear, resulting in protect wild birds, in which
the risk of a decline in the number of infrastructure and research are the
whales. As a result, the fishing industry two most expensive.
contributing to the national budget For example, more resources should
would have an adverse impact. be diverted to medical research to
- In addition, governments around the find out remedies for fatal diseases
world do not prioritize wildlife such as HIV and cancer, which may
conservation in their agenda’s. As a help to save thousands of lives in
matter of fact, laws to save wild society
animals have been introduced, but they -I do believe a number of other
are loosely enforced. Because of this, issues are in need of financial
every man can freely exploit land, chop support and public attention as well.
down forests, and divert the water Poverty rates and world hunger are
sources, all of which combine to arguably more immediate threats to
destroy the natural habitats of mankind than animal extinction.
threatened animals. In every corner of Excessive spending on rhino horn
the world, with or without intention, promotional campaigns would be
humans are still causing changes in better appropriated to provide food
climatic and geographical conditions, and clothing for people living in
which accelerates animal extinction. In austerity. Furthermore, the two areas
 light of this fact, I feel that not enough that should always be prioritized in a
attention and resources are being given country are education and health.
in the conservation of wild flora and People are more likely to benefit
fauna and stronger actions need to be directly from improved hospital and
taken to save them. school capacity than they would
from an additional shelter for
endangered animals and birds.

41. Traffic and housing problems in major cities could be solved by moving
large companies and factories and their employees to the countryside.
- Reducing Commuting Times: -Traffic problems:Moving
Moving businesses and factories to companies and factories to the
the countryside would mean that countryside may reduce the number
employees would no longer have to of cars on the road during rush hour
commute long distances to get to in cities, but it will also lead to
work. This would result in less traffic longer commutes for employees who
congestion and reduce commuting may have to drive long distances to
times for those who still need to reach their workplaces. This could
travel into the city. result in increased traffic on
According to a study conducted by highways and rural roads.For
the Texas A&M Transportation example, in the United States, many
Institute, Americans spend an people who work in cities choose to
average of 54 hours per year in live in suburbs and commute to
traffic congestion, costing the work. This has led to significant
economy $160 billion annually. By traffic congestion on highways and
reducing the number of cars on the suburban roads during rush hour.
road during peak commuting times, - Housing problems:
traffic congestion can be eased, Moving large companies and
leading to more efficient factories to the countryside may not
transportation systems. necessarily solve housing problems
-More Affordable Housing: One of in cities. In fact, it exacerbate them
the main reasons for high housing by leading to the displacement of
prices in major cities is the high people who currently live close to
demand for housing due to their their workplaces.
proximity to businesses and job For example, in China, many
opportunities. By moving large workers who have moved from rural
companies and factories to the areas to cities for work have been
countryside, demand for housing in forced to live in crowded and
the city would decrease, leading to a substandard housing. Moving jobs to
drop in housing prices. the countryside may simply shift the
According to a report by the National problem to rural areas where housing
Low Income Housing Coalition, the may be even more limited.
average renter in the United States
needs to earn $21.21 per hour to
afford a modest two-bedroom
 apartment. This translates to an
annual income of $44,210, which is
higher than the median income in
many cities. By moving businesses
and factories to the countryside,
workers can have access to more
affordable housing options, which
can also help address issues of
income inequality.
-Environmental Benefits: Moving
large companies and factories to the
countryside can also have
environmental benefits. Urban areas
tend to have higher levels of air
pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions due to increased traffic and
industrial activity. By relocating
these businesses to less densely
populated areas, air pollution can be
reduced, which can lead to improved
public health and quality of life.
According to a study by the
European Environment Agency, air
pollution is responsible for an
estimated 400,000 premature deaths
in Europe each year

42. Economic development can benefit from rapid urbanization.

Firstly, urban areas tend to have a First and foremost, rapid
higher concentration of resources and urbanization can lead to
people, which can lead to increased overcrowding and increased pressure
economic growth and development. on infrastructure and resources.
Cities are centers of commerce, Urban areas are often ill-equipped to
where businesses can take advantage handle the sudden influx of people,
of the diverse range of services and leading to problems such as
suppliers available to them. This inadequate housing, transportation,
concentration of resources can also and healthcare. This can ultimately
foster innovation and lead to a decline in the quality of life
entrepreneurship, as people with for residents, making it difficult for
diverse backgrounds and skillsets them to focus on economic
come together to create new ideas development.
and products. Additionally, urban Furthermore, rapid urbanization can
areas often have better infrastructure, lead to environmental degradation,
including transportation, which can have negative effects on
telecommunications, and utilities, the economy. Urbanization often
which can further support economic leads to the destruction of natural
development. habitats and ecosystems, which can
Secondly, rapid urbanization can have long-term economic
lead to the creation of new jobs, consequences. For example, the loss
especially in the service and of forests and wetlands can lead to
manufacturing sectors. As more increased flooding and erosion,
people move to urban areas, the which can damage infrastructure and
demand for goods and services negatively impact agriculture.
increases, leading to more job In addition, rapid urbanization can
opportunities. This can be especially exacerbate income inequality, with
important for developing countries, some individuals benefiting from the
where unemployment is a major economic opportunities provided by
issue. Rapid urbanization can also urbanization, while others are left
lead to the growth of new industries, behind. This can lead to social unrest,
such as technology and finance, political instability, and ultimately
which can provide high-paying jobs hinder economic growth.
and drive economic growth. Another factor to consider is that
Thirdly, the concentration of people rapid urbanization can lead to the
and resources in urban areas can displacement of rural communities
foster collaboration and knowledge- and the loss of cultural heritage. This
sharing, leading to further economic can have negative social and
growth. In cities, people from economic consequences, such as the
different backgrounds and industries loss of traditional farming practices,
come together to share ideas and which can result in a decline in
collaborate on projects. This can lead agricultural productivity.
to the creation of new products and Finally, the cost of living in urban
services, as well as the development areas can be prohibitively high,
of new industries. Additionally, making it difficult for low-income
urban areas often have universities individuals and families to afford
and research institutions, which can basic necessities. This can lead to
drive innovation and support the increased poverty and social
growth of new businesses. inequality, which can ultimately
hinder economic growth and
development.