MHRN P BLOCK Group 15 Nitrogen Family
MHRN P BLOCK Group 15 Nitrogen Family
MHRN P BLOCK Group 15 Nitrogen Family
GROUP 15
Nitrogen family
Allotropy :-
General Trend and Chemical Properties:-
Lab preparation:-
It can be obtained by making ammonium nitrite and then warming it
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Physical properties :-
Ammonia :-
Preparation :-
Laboratory method
By the action of any base or alkali on any ammonium salt
Industrial methods
In the solid and liquid states, it is associated through hydrogen bonds, that
accounts for its higher melting and boiling points than expected.
Ammonia gas is highly soluble in water. Its aqueous solution is weakly basic due
to the formation of OH ions.
When NH3 gas is passed into the colourless solution of Nessler’s reagent a brown
precipitate or coloration is formed. This is a test for NH gas.
USES OF NH3 :
Concentrated nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent and attacks most metals
except noble metals such as gold and platinum.
Some metals (e.g. Cr, Al) do not dissolve in concentrated nitric acid because
of the formation of a passive lm of oxide on the surface.
USES OF HNO3 :
(i) The major use of nitric acid is in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for
fertilizers and other nitrates for use in explosives and pyrotechnics.
(ii) It is also used for the preparation of nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene and other
organic nitro compounds.
(iii) Other major uses are in the pickling of stainless steel, etching of metals and
as an oxidiser in rocket fuels
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PHOSPHOROUS :-
PROPERTIES :
Colourless gas
Slightly garlic or rotten sh smell
Highly poisonous.
It explodes in contact with traces of oxidising agents like HNO3 , Cl2 and
Br2 vapours.
It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in CS2 and other organic solvents.
The solution of PH3 in water decomposes in presence of light giving red
phosphorus and H2 .
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When absorbed in copper sulphate or mercuric chloride,
It is a white powder
Acidic in nature
Anhydride of orthophosphoric acid.
Dissolves in water with hissing sound forming metaphosphoric acid and nally
orthophosphoric acid.
Dehydrates concentrated H SO and concentrated HNO to SO and N O respectively.