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    Active Rectifiers

    Uploaded by

    Manikanta Krishnamurthy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Active Rectifiers

    Uploaded by

    Manikanta Krishnamurthy
    10 views8 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views8 pages

    Active Rectifiers

    Uploaded by

    Manikanta Krishnamurthy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Active Rectifiers

    • Op amps can be used with diodes to create better properties.


    • Real diodes have a forward “diode drop” and small reverse current.

    VA - VB I = IS ( e
    ΔV ⁄ V T
    – 1)

    V D ≅ 0.6V I

    Forward
    V0 Reverse

    vin

    V0-VD
    vout
    -I0RL

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 1 of 8
    Ideal Diode
    • The simple rectifier uses a diode to short signals
    vin vout

    • This cannot rectify signals less than 0.6 V.


    • Feedback can be used to make an “ideal” diode.
    vin
    + va vout
    −

    10 kΩ

    • If vin > 0, vout = v+ = v- = vin, va = vin + 0.6 V.


    • If vin < 0, va < 0, the diode is non-conducting and vout = 0 V.
    • This circuit is slew rate limited, for negative signals it goes to -VEE.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 2 of 8
    Faster Rectifier
    • The op-amp can be protected from going to -VEE.

    D1 10 kΩ
    10 kΩ
    vin
    − va vout
    +
    D2

    • If vin < 0, vout = -vin, va = vout + 0.6 V, D2 is conducting.


    • If vin > 0, va < 0, D1 is conducting, va = vin - 0.6 V, vout = 0.
    • As vin goes from negative to positive, va goes from +0.6 to -0.6 V.

    • This is faster than going from - 15 V to + 0.6 V for the same slew rate.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 3 of 8
    Two Stage Rectifier

    • Add a x1 inverter before this circuit to make a conventional rectifier that passes positive signals
    only.

    100 kΩ
    D1 10 kΩ
    100 kΩ
    10 kΩ
    vin −
    − va vout
    +
    +
    D2

    The first amplifier stage provides a -1 inverter with 100 kΩ input impedance.

    The second amplifier acts as a half wave rectifier.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 4 of 8
    Active Full-wave Rectifier
    • Two amplifiers can be used to make a full-wave rectifier.
    • A switchable inverter/buffer can use an op-amp as the switch.
    10 kΩ
    10 kΩ
    vin
    − vout
    +
    10 kΩ
    vcont is low for follower
    −
    vcont is high for inverter +
    vcont

    • If vin < 0, vcont = 0.6, and the circuit inverts.


    • If vin > 0, the diode is non-conducting, so no feedback.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 5 of 8
    Faster Full-Wave
    • The fast half-wave rectifier can be used with an inverter.
    R R
    vin
    vout
    −
    R R/2 +
    R
    −
    vhalf is 0 for vin < 0
    + vhalf
    vhalf = -vin for vin > 0

    • The first stage produces vhalf.


    • The second amplifier is an inverting summation circuit with the upper line (vin) summing at x1 and
    the lower line (vhalf) summing at x2.
    • The net effect of the second inverter is vout = −(vin - 2vhalf).
    • For vin > 0, vhalf = -vin, vout = vin.
    • For vin < 0, vhalf = 0, vout = -vin.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 6 of 8
    Peak Detector
    • A diode and a capacitor can be used as a peak detector.
    vin dv out
    i C = C -------------
    D iD dt

    vout If vout < vin − 0.6 V, vout = vin - 0.6 V


    C iC If vout > vin − 0.6 V, iC = 0, vout = const.

    • The voltage through the diode is stored on the capacitor.


    • The voltage is stored as a charge V = Q/C until a higher value comes along.
    • The diode drop matters; vin - 0.6 V is stored on the capacitor.

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 7 of 8
    Active Peak Detector
    • An active rectifier can be combined with a capacitor to store the true input voltage.

    −
    − vout
    vin +
    +

    0.47 μF

    • The first amplifier is set up as an ideal diode.


    • Positive voltage through the diode is stored at the capacitor. The response is limited by the slew
    rate and output current, Imax, of the first amplifier.
    dv out 1- dQ I max
    = --- = ----------
    -
    dt Cdt C
    max

    • The second amplifier is a x1 buffer and the large input impedance (related to IB) prevents the
    capacitor from draining too rapidly.
    dv out IB
    = -----
    dt C
    droop

    LABORATORY ELECTRONICS II 8 of 8

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