Essay Reference Sheet

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● FORMATTING:

○ ITALICS for LONG WORKS: Novels, Books, Magazines, Boats, Memoirs


○ “QUOTATIONS” for SHORT WORKS: Short stories, poems, songs
■ IF the work fits inside another work, use QUOTATIONS
○ PRESENT TENSE FOR LITERATURE (ex: not “she walked”, but rather “she walks”)
● INTRODUCTION OF A LITERARY PIECE:
○ X is a recurring/ a key / a central concept OR theme explored in many/ numerous books/ novels/ literary
pieces by authors and poets. One such example is Y's short story '______' that explores what happens
when X is practiced OR ignored….'_______' that examines the power of X and its impact on others/
importance/ significance to…
○ OTHER EXAMPLES:
■ Furthermore, kindness allows athletes to possess trust in their team. This is shown in the
renowned novel The Isle of the Lost by Melissa de la Cruz when Prince Ben Florian assists
Carlos De Vil in the sport of Tourney.
■ Kindness is vital in relationships because it allows individuals to develop strong emotional
connections. In The Fault in Our Stars, the main characters Hazel and Augustus can assist
each other through times of adversity by being benevolent.
● Intro:
○ Hook, lead, bridge (either way, the topic of ___ is important to consider), pillars, thesis
○ THESIS CHECKLIST: Transition word (thus, therefore), topic/theme (main words - importance and
kindness for example), “an individual”, because/leads to/as a result, modal auxiliary verb (might, may,
can), is/are, how (how is it useful, in what areas of a person’s life - e.g. personal relationships), so
what/why it matters (helps build confidence, for example).
■ Example: Thus, an individual may be able to build enduring personal relationships when they
are honest with themselves and others, leading to increased confidence and significance in
their life.
○ TIPS TO MAKE AN INTERESTING INTRO:
■ Use words from the hook
■ Rephrasing/slightly changing the structure makes it more interesting
■ Start off with a hook OTHER than a quote (ex. Rhetorical question, personal anecdote,
general statement, definition)
● Conclusion:
○ Thesis (rephrased), In (area of focus/lens of the paper) topic is important, Topic sentences (rephrased
and inverted), Final thought (NO NEW INFO)
■ Example (of just thesis and area of focus):
● Thus, honesty is important because it can enable trust in an individual’s personal
relationships. In my personal relationships, honesty is particularly important.
○ TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE CONCLUSION:
■ REPHRASE!!!!
● Invert sentences, try to make it sound new
● Revisit wording in introduction
○ Synonyms that were used
○ Words from the quote or section of the quote
○ Anecdotes?
● ALWAYS CONNECT BACK TO THESIS STATEMENT
● BRAINSTORM SYNONYMS/IDEAS/EXAMPLES AT THE BEGINNING
● IDENTIFY KEY WORDS
● Memory: something remembered from the past; a recollection.
● Thesis example: “By recognizing and making sense out of of past events, your identity can continue to grow and
enhance your self-esteem and happiness, both now, and in the future.

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