Narratives - LG Ii - Class #1

NARRATIVE WRITING
A narrative presents a connected series of events, either imaginary or based on

your experience, in a vivid descriptive style. It may be written in first or third
person, and often includes the thoughts, reactions, feelings of the main
characters, describing the action as it would be seen through their eyes. (Evans,
1998)
DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE
In a descriptive narrative, the focus is on how the setting of the story,
characters, and objects look and feel. The goal is total immersion in the world
of the story. To write a descriptive essay, descriptive narrative techniques can
be used to discuss the THEME/TOPIC (AREA OF INTEREST). These include
using vivid imagery to introduce specific objects and ideas, personification,
and similes.
STAGES IN THE WRITING PROCESS
1. PRE-WRITING
2. WRITING: writing a first draft
3. REVISING
4. PROOFREADING-EDITING
1. P R E W R I T I N G STAGE
• Reading
• Doing research
• Free writing
• Brainstorming: wh-questions
• Clustering
• Using visuals
• Daily experience
• Outlining
Characteristics of a Narrative – Key Elements
A narrative, especially when written in the form of a story, must have the following
elements:
Purpose
Through the use of words, communicate an idea based on a specific theme.
 Narrative Structure
ORIENTATION (BEGINNING) Set the scene by introducing your characters, setting and
time of the story.
COMPLICATION AND EVENTS (MIDDLE) In this section, activities and events involving
your main characters are expanded upon. These events are written in a cohesive and fluent
sequence.
RESOLUTION (ENDING) Complication are resolved in this section. Also, this section wraps
up loose story threads, satisfies readers’ remaining curiosities, and positions the
protagonist’s feelings and emotions after the events in the story.
 Characters
Setting
 Plot and conflicts (coherence and cohesion)
A plot is the foundation on which the writer builds a story. When a story has a
plot, a conflict generally takes place. There are different kinds of conflicts.
Conflict with another character, group.
Conflict with natural forces
Conflict with personal feelings, values

or needs
Conflict with some aspect of

technology
 Theme
 Narrative Features
Style (writer’s unique voice, which is evidenced in the choice of words.

sentence structure, lexis.
A) Linguistic Content:
LANGUAGE: Use descriptive and figurative language to paint images inside

your audience’s minds as they read.
PERSPECTIVE: Narratives can be written from any perspective but they are
most commonly written in first or third person.
B) Grammar Content
DIALOGUE Narratives frequently switch from narrator to first-person

dialogue. Always use speech marks when writing dialogue.
TIME/TENSE Flashbacks might work well in your mind but make sure they
translate to your audience.
COHESIVE DEVICES/ LINKING WORDS. Time and place transitions
PUNCTUATION
2. W R I T I N G A F I R S T D R A F T
 ORGANIZATION OF A STORY/BALANCE
A good narrative should consist of:

● AN INTRODUCTION which sets the scene and creates an interesting atmosphere.
Techniques to begin and end a story:

You can start your story by: You can end your story by:
a. describing the weather, place, people, a. referring to feelings or moods

using the senses
b. describing people´s reactions to the
b. using direct speech events developed in the main body
c. asking a rhetorical question c. creating mystery or suspense
d. creating mystery or suspense d. asking a rhetorical question.
e. referring to feelings or moods
● A MAIN BODY (more

than one paragraph) to
describe the incidents
leading to the main event
and the event itself in
detail. It should describe
the people involved,
places, emotions and
actions.
● A CONCLUSION which
completes the plot,
describes feelings,
reactions and explains the
consequences.
Analyze the following beginnings and endings. Which techniques have
been used?
Beginnings
Endings
3. R E V I S I N G S T A G E
Check for:
• Lack of balance in sentences (re-write)
• Unrelated details (cut)
• Missing details (add)
• Shortage of details (brainstorm on that specific point)
• Awkward or boring wording (change)
• Poor language use and style (improve/change)
• Lack of coherence (pause to think and re-write)
4. P R O O F R E A D I N G A N D EDITINGSTAGE
• Check Spelling/grammar one last time

• Check punctuation
• Triple check paper formatting requirements
• Triple check assignment requirements (word count- instructions)
• Check sentence structure
• Hand in clean and neat paper
• Keep a copy
• Do not plagiarise

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NARRATIVE WRITING

A narrative presents a connected series of events, either imaginary or based on

Characteristics of a Narrative – Key Elements

 Plot and conflicts (coherence and cohesion)

Conflict with another character, group.

Conflict with natural forces

Conflict with personal feelings, values

Conflict with some aspect of

Style (writer’s unique voice, which is evidenced in the choice of words.

LANGUAGE: Use descriptive and figurative language to paint images inside

DIALOGUE Narratives frequently switch from narrator to first-person

COHESIVE DEVICES/ LINKING WORDS. Time and place transitions

A good narrative should consist of:

Techniques to begin and end a story:

a. describing the weather, place, people, a. referring to feelings or moods

● A MAIN BODY (more

• Check Spelling/grammar one last time

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