Student Name: Jaweria

Student ID: 0000306469

Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad

Assignment course: Basics of ICT (5403)
Student Details:
Student ID: 0000306469 Student Name: Jaweria
Mail Address: hismuse7@gmail.com Address: Karnal Aman Ullah Road
NSC Bhara Kahu

Course Details
Program Name: BS English Course Name: Basics of ICT (ODL)
Course Code: 5403
Semester: 1st (Autumn)

Submitted to: Mr. Umar Akhtar Tutor Address: House # 22, Street #
43, H-Block, Soan Garden, Islamabad
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

Question No.1
Internet is a well-known example of ICT. How it enables people to communicate easily
through different communication mediums? Describe it with the help of proper examples.
Answer:
Basically, the internet provides a lot of facilities to the users through various ways such as
Email, social-networking-websites (e.g Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn etc.) or numerous search
engines like Google/Google Scholar. with this significant information and communication
technology, the people can communicate with each other and share their views easily. Overall, it
can be said that this technology connects people with each other.
With the help of computer and internet, people can communicate with each other through
various ways. This improves their interaction with the whole world. In this way, they face different
experience which can be beneficial for them.
The computer and internet provide many important benefits to its users such as they can
play games, listen music, watch video, solve many problems related to their education as well as
communicate with each other through email facility/social networking websites etc.
Computer in conjunction with internet is a well-known social ICT application enables
people to communicate easily though different communication mediums such as Face-book (a
widely used social networking website) and electronic-mail.
The internet has become basic need of everyone in the society. Following are few common
advantages:
• Online sale and purchase.
• Source of entertainment.
• Software’s and document’s downloading.
• Document sharing with each other though internet.
• Searching through various search engines like Google or Yahoo etc.
• People’s communication though email, skype or social networking websites (face-book,
LinkedIn Twitter) etc.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

Question No:2
A. Explain the important components of computer?
B. List Down the Characteristics of Processor of your Computer.
Answer:
A. Components of computer:
Following are the important components of computer.
1. Motherboard
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Expansion Cards
4. Random Access Memory (RAM)
5. External Hard Drive
6. Scanner
7. Hard Drive
8. Display Monitor

1. Motherboard
A motherboard is one of the most essential part of the computer system. It holds together
many of the components of a computer, including the central processing unit, memory and
connectors for input and output devices.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The “brain” of the computer where program are run. It is one of the most expensive parts
of the hardware. Modern CPUs can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
3. Expansion Cards
Circuit boards that can be inserted to add functionality to a computer system. (for example:
network, sound or video cards).
4. Random Access Memory (RAM)
The computer’s high-speed, short-term memory. It temporarily stores data and instructions
for programs that run on the computer.
5. External Hard Drive
An input/output device that serves as an extra hard drive used for additional or backup
storage.
6. Scanner
An input device that can convert the contents of a paper document into a digital image that
can be stored in the computer.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

7. Hard Drive (HD)

An input/output device that serves as the long-term storage memory of the computer. There
are two primary kinds: mechanical drives that use a mechanical arm to read and write data on a
rotating disk, and “solid state” drives that have no moving parts.
8. Display Monitor
An input/output device that displays information visually. Generally, monitors are output
devices where the computer visually displays information. Touchscreens combine the functions of
output and input.
B. Characteristics of the Processor
Here the important characteristics of processor.
1. Processor Make and Model
The primary defining characteristics of a processor is this make AMD or intel and its
model. Although competing model from the two companies have similar features and
performance, you cannot install an AMD processor in an intel-compatible motherboard or vice
versa.
2. Socket Type
Another defining characteristic of a processor is the socket that it is designed to fit. If you
are replacing the processor in a socket 478 motherboard.
3. Clock Speed
The clock speed of a processor, which is specified in megahertz(MHz) or gigahertz (GHz),
determines its performance, but clock speed are meaningless across processor lines. Clock speed
is useless for comparing AMD and intel processors. AMD processors run at much lower clock
speeds than intel processors, but do about 50% more work per clock tick.
4. Host-Bus Speed
The host-bus speed, also called the front-side bus speed, FSB speed, or simply FSB,
specifies the data transfer rate between the processor and the chipset. A faster host-bus speed
contributes to higher processor performance, even for performance running at the same clock
speed.
5. Special Features
Different processor models support different features, sets, some of which may be
important to you and others of no concern.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

Question No.3
(A). Discuss the purpose of input devices.
(B). clarify the difference between input and output devices?
(A) Answer
The purpose of an input device is to enable computer operators to have control of the
computer and send data such as text, images, or sounds to the computer. An input device such as
a keyboard will feed text characters for word processing and enable the computer user to perform
specific control functions. Input devices convert raw data into formats understandable by the
computer for processing by the central processing unit (CPU) to produce an output. Therefore, the
input device acts as a link in communicating with the processing unit.
Input device are essential to the overall functionality of a computer because they allow users
to add, edit, or feed a new set of data on instructions to the computer. Input devices enable users
to interact with the computer by either inputing numerals, characters or gaming instructions into
the computer. For example, the computer can run by itself without an input device. Since it is not
possible to communicate to the computer processing system without an input device, it would not
be easy to have a computer do what human users desire without the input device.
(B) Answer
Input Device:
• It is hardware device and is used to key in the data, instructions or commands, into the
computer.
• It can transfer data to another device, but cannot receive any from it.
• Necessary for the computer to receive user commands and data to process.
• These are user controlled. Complex coding is used.
• Examples; keyboard, webcam, microphone, joystick and so on.
Output Device
• It is a hardware component, and it has received from the computer to carry out a task.
• It can obtain data from another device and can also produce output from it. However,
cannot transfer data to another device.
• Required if a computer has to share it results. They also help to prompt the user for
additional Information and commands.
• Computer manages it. Users need to only see the result and so are not required to learn the
process.
Examples includes LCD projection panels, printer, monitor, speaker, and more.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

QUESTION NO. 4
(A). Write the names of software available on your computer?
(B). Compare features of Window Operating System (OS) on your computer with other OS?
Answer
There are different types of software that can run on a computer: system software, utility
software, and application software.
A. System Software
If you think of software as being in layers, the system software is the bottom layer: it sits
between the hardware and the application software.
Operating system like window, macOS, Android and iOS are examples of system software.
Operating systems are loaded into RAM when the device start up, and have access to the hard
drive.
B. Utility Software
Utility software is a part of the system software and performs specific tasks to keep the
computer running. Utility software is always running in the background. Examples o utility
software are security and optimization programs.
Security program include anti-virus software that scans and removes viruses. Most
computers will include some sort of anti-viruse software, but you can add you own.
C. Application Software
This is everything else! Anything that is not an operating system or a utility is an
application or app. So, a word processor, spreadsheet, web browser, and graphics software are all
examples of application software, and they can do many specific tasks. We can remove and add
applications on your computer using the operating system.
Application software like a word processor regularly directs the operating system to load and
save files from and to the hard drive.
(B) Answer
I will compare windows 10 with window 7. Now the most prominent features in windows
10 the one bugs me the most is it constantly downloads updates and then insists that I restart my
computer to install them. My window 7 computer sometimes nags me to install updates, and I have
most of them, but it doesn’t interrupt me every few hours and tell me to restart now, now, now or
if so, when? And won’t take no for an answer.
Another thing, and this is very important when allow window 7 to updates, my computer
still runs the same afterward. It was not always so. For a time, after I update it would announce
that it was going to install window 10 whether I liked it or not, and once when I wasn’t watching
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

to stop it, it got half way through the process and, I had to reinstall “Never 10” and identified the
entirely bogus “Security Update” that the liars at Microsoft had tricked me into taking, I didn’t
have any more trouble.
The same cannot be said of windows 10. One day recently I found my computer at work
hard restarted in the night with another unsolicited upgrade, and at my fire wall had gone. Just
gone. In its place was Microsoft’s untrustworthy version, and it was letting some of the software
on my machine that I never ever allowed online phone home. I can never forgive that. Windows
blithely informed me that my fire wall software was incompatible with the version of W10 it had
just installed so it had disabled it for me. It should at the very least have warmed me and given me
the option, but no! All at cares about is forcing it upgrade in users.
That’s it for me. I never liked window 10 and now, I absolutely can never trust it again. I
am upgrading my work computer to windows 7. No wonder Microsoft has so many virus and
ransomware problems. It has no fucking sense of security at all.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

Question No.5
Write short note on the following topics.
Answer:
A. Data communication:
Data communication is a process of exchanging data or information. In case of computer
networks this exchange is done between two devices over a transmission medium.
This process involves a communication system which is made up of hardware and
software. The hardware part involves the sender and receiver devices and the intermediate devices
through which the data passes. The software part involves certain rules which specify what is to
be communicated, how it is to be communicated and when. It is also called as a protocol.
The following sections describes the fundamental characteristics that are important for the
defective working of data communication process and is followed by the components that make
up a data communications system.
The effectiveness of any data communications system depends upon the following four
fundamental characteristics: delivery, accuracy, timeliness, jitter.
Data communication system has five components message, sender, receiver, transmission
medium, protocol.
B. Transmission Modes
Transmission mode, also known as a communication mode, is the transfer of data between
two devices via a communication channel that includes in optical fiber, wireless channels, copper
virus, and other storage media. Data is transmitted between two devices in the form of
electromagnetic waves. These are numerous data transmission methods in which the message is
delivered in the form of a sequence of pulses utilizing digital modulation.
The data transmission method was initially used in a computer networking system in the
1940s, then in LANs, WANs, repeaters and other networking system, based on the directions of
exchange information. The transmission mode is classified into three types: simplex, half duplex,
full duplex.
C. Network Types
There are three types of networks.
i. LAN (Local Area Network)
A Local Area Network is a privately owned computer network covering a small network
geographical area, like a home, office, or groups of buildings e,g a school, network. A LAN is
used to connect the computers and other to share the resources to be shared can be a hardware
device like printer, software like an application program or data. The size of LAN is usually small.
The various devices in LAN are connected to central devices called Hub or switch using a cable.
 Student Name: Jaweria
Student ID: 0000306469

ii. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network is one of a number of types of networks.
MAN is larger than a Local Area Network and as its name implies, covers the area of single city.
MANs rarely extend beyond ten km and frequently comprise a combination of different hardware
and transmission media. It can be single network such as a cable tv network, or it is a means of
connecting a number of LANs into a larger network so that resources can be shared LAN to LAN
as well as device to device.
iii. WAN (Wide Area Network)
A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a telecommunication network. A Wide Area Network is
simply a LAN of LAN or network of networks. WANs connect LAN that may be on opposite sides
of a building, across the country or around world. WANs are characterized by the slowest data
communication rates are the largest distances. WANs can be two types: An enterprise WAN and
Global WAN.
iv. IP Addresses
An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network.
IP stands for “Internet Protocol”, which is the of rules governing the format of data sent via the
internet or local network.
In essence, IP Addresses are the identifier that allows information to be sent between
devices on a network: they contain location information and make devices accessible for
communication. IP Addresses provide a way of doing so and form an essential part of how the
internet works.