15 Interview Questions about ES6

1.What is ES6 or ECMAScript 2015? Define EcmaScript.

Ans. ES6 is Ecmascript 2015,6th new version of Javascript programming language. ES6 is
considered to be the major upgrade to javascript since ES5 was introduced in 2009. With the
introduction of ES6, whole new features are added to the language like Classes, Modules,
Object Manipulation arrow functions, for…of loop, promises, and many more. Brendan Eich
developed it. IEcmaScript is the specification that is defined in the ECMA-262 standard to
create a general-purpose scripting language.

2. What are the new features introduced in ES6?

Ans:
=>Let and const keywords.
=>Default Parameters.
=>Arrow functions.
=>Template Literals.
=>Object Literals.
=>Rest and spread operators.
=>Destructuring assignment.
=>Modules, Classes, Generators, and iterators.
=>Promises, and many more.
3. Discuss spread operator in ES6 with an example.
Ans: The spread operator is introduced in JavaScript ES6. It takes an array or iterable and
expands it into individual elements. It is also used to make copies of JS objects as shown in the
below example.
For ex: let a=[1,2,3]
let b=[4,5,6 ,...a]
console.log(b) //4,5,6,1,2,3
4. Discuss the Rest paramein ES6 with an example.
Ans: It is introduced in ES6 that improves the ability to handle the parameters. With rest
parameters, it is possible to represent indefinite parameters as an array. By using the rest
parameter, we can call a function with any number of arguments..
For Ex: function add(...a) {
let sum = 0; for (let a1 of a) sum += a; return sum }
add(5) // returns 5
add(1,2) // returns 3
5. What are the template literals in ES6?
Ans: Template literals are introduced in ES6 to overcome the problem with string
concatenation in our programs. Now we have to use ` character instead of ‘ or ” quotes, to
produce a new string. A backtick (“) symbol is utilized to wrap template literals. The curly
brackets and the dollar sign ($expression) can signify placeholders in literal templates. If we
require a presentation in the backticks, it is possible to place it into the ($expression) variable.
For Ex:
const pi=3.14
console.log(`The radius of Circle is ${pi}*2*2`)
6. Discuss Destructuring Assignment in ES6.
Ans: Destructuring is introduced in ECMAScript 2015 or ES6 to extract data from objects and
arrays into separate variables. It allows us to extract smaller fragments from objects and
arrays.
7. What are the default parameters?
Ans: By using the default parameters, we can initialize named parameters with default values
if there is no value or undefined is passed.
8. Discuss the for...in loop.
Ans: for ..in loop is uesd to iterate over the properties of object,a key is assigned to the key
variable. The loop continues for all object properties.
9. Discuss the for...of loop.
Ans: for…of is used to iterate over the elements of an array. It does so nicely and shortly,
without the need of additional variables .
10. What are the Promises of ES6?
Ans: A promise is an object that returns a value which will be returned in future, but not
now.Because of this feature, the promise is very well-suited for handling asynchronous
operations. A JavaScript Promise object can be:
=>Pending-(working), the result is undefined.
=>Fulfilled- the result is a value.
=>Rejected-the result is an error object.
=>settled-fulfilled or rejected.
11. List the new Array methods introduced in ES6?
Ans: Some of the Array Methods Introduced in ES6 are:-
=>filter()- This method creates a new array that pass the given criteria and condition.It does
not execute on empty array and also does not change the original array
=>find()- It returns the values of element as soon as the given condition satisfies.If the
condition is satisfied , it returns from the array,return the value and does not check for
remaining values.It does not change the original array.
=>forEach()-This method used to iterate through its elements of the Arrays.
=>Array.from() -The Array.from() method returns an Array from the given array , in case of
string it return character of the string
=> indexOf()-This method is used to find the index of the first occurrence of the search
element provided as the argument to the method.
12. What are the new String methods introduced in ES6?
Ans: Some of the String Method Introduced in ES6 are:-
=>startsWith – This method accepts two parameters one is queryString and another is
position. This method returns either true if the string starts with the provided string
from the specified position, otherwise false.
=>endsWith()-This method accepts two parameters one is queryString and another is position.
This method returns either true if the string ends with the provided
string for a specified length, otherwise false.
=> includes-This method accepts two parameters one is queryString and another is the
position. This method will true if the string is present
13. What are Block Scoped variables and functions?
Ans: The variables and functions are defined as indefinite blocks. It means these can be used
where the variables and functions are defined or declared. If we have declared variable and
function in any function block, their scope will be limited to that function only; they cannot be
accessible outside the block/function. ‘Const’ keyword cannot change the value of a variable.
‘let’ keyword allows variable value to be re-assigned; it can be in for loop or arrays.
14. Define Map.
Ans: The map is a feature introduced in ES6, is a collection of elements where each element is
stored as a Key-value pair. It can hold both objects and primitive
values. On iterating on the map object, it returns the key-value pairs.
15. What Do You Understand By Callback And Callback Hell In JavaScript?
Ans: Callback: It is used to handle the execution of function after the completion of the
execution of another function. A callback would be helpful in working with events. In the
callback, a function can be passed as an argument to another function. It is a great way when
we are dealing with basic cases such as minimal asynchronous operations.
Callback hell: When we develop a web application that includes a lot of code, then working
with callback is messy. This excessive Callback nesting is often referred to as Callback hell.