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Quiz 1 WITH Answer - STA116 QUIZ 1

Introduction to probability and statistics (Universiti Teknologi MARA)

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Question 1
The Ministry of Education wants to survey the university students’ intention of becoming a teacher
when they graduate. The study will be administered at ABC University where 2500 students were
enrolled in various Science majors. 18% of the students are majoring in Geology while 34% are
majoring in Biology. Both Physics and Chemistry majors are 24% each. A random sample of 1000
students will be selected for the study.

i) State the variable of interest of the study

Answer; the university students’ intention of becoming a teacher when they
graduate

ii) State the population and the sampling frame of the study
Population: All 2500 students at ABC University that were enrolled in various
Science majors.
Sampling frame: A list of students’ name.

iii) State the variable and the type of the variable used in the study
Variable: Students’ intention TOV: Qualitative variable

iv) What is the most appropriate sampling method can be used in this study?
Stratisfied sampling

v) Briefly explain how the sample will be selected using the technique suggested in
(iv).
Sampling method: Stratified sampling method

S1) Students are divided.

S2) Calculate number of sample for each major.

Major Number of students Sample size

Geology 18 450
× 2500 = 450 × 1000 = 180
100 2500
Biology 34 850
× 2500 = 850 × 1000 = 340
100 2500
Physics 24 600
× 2500 = 600 × 1000 = 240
100 2500
Chemistry 24 600
× 2500 = 600 × 1000 = 240
100 2500
Total 2500 1000

S3) Then the sample for each major can be found using SRS or Systematic

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Question 2
The table below shows the number of customers come to four different shops.

Shop Quantity (in thousands)

Year: 2008 Year: 2009

Lauk-lauk 30 50

Santai kita 110 140

Kenduri 125 130

Kitchen
Warung 90 80
Wok

Draw a cluster bar chart to represent the above data. Hence, give your comment.

Bar chart on the number of customers

come to four different shops
150
100
50
0
Lauk-lauk Santai kita Kenduri Kitchen Warung Wok

2008 2009

comment: the lowest customers come to Lauk-lauk shops.

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Question 3

The following data are the weight of the student in Class 2 Amanah.
50 41 45 65 50 65 41 33
52 55 42 75 68 50 40 57

i) Calculate the mean and median values. Comment on the skewness of the
data.
Answer;
Mean:
∑𝑥 829
𝑥̅ = = =51.8125
𝑛 16

Median;
Step 1: rearrange

33 40 41 41 42 45 50 50
50 52 55 57 65 65 68 75

Step 2: position
𝑛+1 16+1
Position of median = 2
= 2
= 8.5

Step 3: Median
Median= 50

Comment on skewness:

̅
Since; 𝒙 ̃
>𝒙
Right skewed distribution
(positively skewed)

ii) Explain median.

Median: 50% of students’ weight are less than 50kg and 50%
of students’ weight are more than 50kg.

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Question 4
The table below shows the time spent by students at MEDAN MALL during weekend.

Time Spent (minutes) No. of shoppers

30-59 1

60-89 3

90-119 5

120-149 11

150-179 19

180-209 12

i) Calculate the mean, median, mode and standard deviation for the amount spent
by the shoppers.
Answer:
Amount F Class Midpoint, C CF Median=row 5
spent boundary x
Mode=row 5
30-59 1 29.5 - 59.5 44.5 30 1
Quartile1=row 4
60-89 3 59.5 - 89.5 74.5 30 4
Quartile3=row 5
90-119 5 89.5 - 119.5 104.5 30 9

120-149 11 119.5 - 134.5 30 20

149.5

150-179 19 149.5 - 164.5 30 39

179.5

180-209 12 179.5 - 194.5 30 51

209.5

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Mean;
∑ 𝑥𝑓 7729.5
𝑥̅ = ∑𝑓
= =151.5588
51

Median:
• STEP 1: Find the Class boundary and Cumulative frequency
∑𝑓 51
• STEP 2: Find the position; Position of median = = = 25.5
2 2
• STEP 3: Determine the median class = row 5
• Step 4: Apply the formula
51
− ∑ 𝑓𝑚−1
𝑥̃ = 𝐿𝑚 + ( 2 )×𝐶
𝑓𝑚

∑𝑓
− ∑ 𝑓5−1
𝑥̃ = 𝐿5 + ( 2 )×𝐶
𝑓5

25.5−20
𝑥̃ = 149.5 + ( ) × 30 = 158.1842
19

Mode;
∆1
𝑥̂ = 𝐿𝑚 + (∆ )×𝐶
1 +∆2

(19−11)
𝑥̂ = 149.5 + ( ) × 30 =165.5
(19−11)+(19−12)

Standard deviation:
𝟐 (𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟗. 𝟓)𝟐
𝜮𝒇𝒙𝟐 − (𝜮𝒇𝒙) 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 −
√ 𝒏 =√ 𝟓𝟏
𝒔= = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝒏−𝟏 𝟓𝟏 − 𝟏

Variance;
(𝜮𝒇𝒙)𝟐 (𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟗. 𝟓)𝟐
𝜮𝒇𝒙𝟐 − 𝒏 =
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 −
𝟓𝟏
𝒔𝟐 = = 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟓
𝒏−𝟏 𝟓𝟏 − 𝟏

NOTE:
50% LESS THAN X= 50%MORE THAN X= MEDIAN

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ii) Hence calculate the Pearson skewness and comment your answer.
Answer:
𝑥̅ − 𝑥̂ 151.5588 − 165.5
𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = = −0.3757
𝑠 37.1103

Skewed to the left.

iii) Given that mean and variance for MYDIN SHOP is 140 and 1300 respectively.
Which Class is more consistent?

MEDAN MYDIN

𝑠
𝐶𝑉 = 𝑥̅ × 100% 𝑥̅ = 140, 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎,

=
37.1103
× 100%=24.4857 𝒔 = √(𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎) = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟓
151.5588 𝑠
𝐶𝑉 = 𝑥̅ × 100%
Therefore, MEDAN more consistent.
𝟑𝟔.𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟓
= × 100%=25.7539
140

Therefore, MYDIN less consistent.

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Question 4
1. There are 10 female and 26 male students in the Mathematics Club. The club will send
5 representatives to the Students’ Innovation Fair. Find:
a. The number of ways to select 2 female and 3 male students
10 26
𝐶2 × 𝐶3 = 117000

b. What is the probability that 2 female and 3 male are selected?

10
𝐶2 × 26 𝐶3
36 𝐶
= 0.3104
5

2. In how many ways can the word “CROCODILE” be arranged without repetition.
9!
2!×2!
= 90720

3. Wahab and Wahyu worked as fashion designer. Wahab had produced 40 design and
Wahyu had produced 60 design in a month. 20% and 30% of their design respectively,
already booked by the customer.
a. Draw a tree diagram for the above situation.

b. If one design is selected, what is the probability the design was booked.

𝑃(𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷) = 𝑃(𝑊𝐴𝐻𝐴𝐵 ∩ 𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷) + 𝑃(𝑊𝐴𝐻𝑌𝑈 ∩ 𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷)

= 0.4 × 0.2 + 0.6 × 0.3 = 0.26

c. One design is randomly selected, and it is observed that the design has not been
booked, find the probability that the design was designed by Wahyu.
(𝑊𝐴𝐻𝑌𝑈∩𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷′) 0.6×0.7
𝑃(𝑊𝐴𝐻𝑌𝑈|𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷 ′ ) = = = 0.5676
𝑃(𝐵𝑂𝑂𝐾𝐸𝐷′) 1−0.26

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