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assignment

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Answer:
A)
An I-frame or a Key-Frame or an Intra-frame consists ONLY of
macroblocks that use Intra-prediction. That’s it.
Every macroblock in an I-frame is allowed to refer to other
macroblocks only within the same frame. That is, it can only use
“spatial redundancies” in the frame for compression. Spatial
Redundancy is a term used to refer to similarities between the pixels
of a single frame.
An I-frame comes in different avatars in different video codecs as
IDR, CRA, or BLA frames, but the essence remains the same for
these types of I-frames — no temporal prediction allowed in an I-
frame.
P-frame stands for Predicted Frame and allows macroblocks to be
compressed using temporal prediction in addition to spatial
prediction. For motion estimation, P-frames use frames that have
been previously encoded. In essence, every macroblock in a P-frame
can be,
temporally predicted, or
spatially predicted, or
skipped (i.e, you tell the decoder to copy the co-located block from
the previous frame – a “zero” motion vector).
A B-frame is a frame that can refer to frames that occur both before
and after it. The B stands for Bi-Directional for this reason. If your
video codec uses macroblock-based compression (like H.264/AVC
does), then each macroblock of a B-frame can be
predicted using backward prediction (using frames that occur in
the future)
predicted using forward prediction (using frames that occur in
the past)
predicted without inter-prediction – only Intra
.skipped completely (with Intra or Inter prediction).

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