Kingdom of Cambodia: Fao Country Programming Framework 2016 - 2018

Kingdom of Cambodia
FAO COUNTRY PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK

2016 – 2018
FAO COUNTRY PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK 2016 – 2018
I. Introduction

This Country Programming Framework (CPF) sets out three country priority areas to guide FAO
partnership with and support to the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) – promoting innovative
international best practices and global standards through the provision of national, regional and
international expertise during three years from 2016 to 2018.

The CPF was prepared following consultations with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
and its various departments and institutions, the Ministry of Environment, the Council for
Agricultural and Rural Development of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry
of Women’s Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Water Resources and
Meteorology. The draft was shared for comments with these institutions and with the main
Development Partners and Non-‐Governmental Organizations including the Asia Development Bank,
Australia, the European Union, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, Oxfam, the Netherlands
Development Organization and the US Agency for International Development through the Technical
Working Group on Agriculture and Water mechanism.

II. Country context and priorities
General context

Cambodia’s GDP in real terms increased at a rate of 8.5 percent per year on average from 1993 until
the global economic slowdown in 20081 . This was followed by a slight contraction, but GDP growth
resumed after that at an average rate of 7 percent per year from 2010 to 20142, driven by the
garment industry, construction, the service sector, in particular tourism, and agriculture as well as
public sector investments in rural and urban infrastructure. The forecasts for the next years point to
a continued growth rate at the same level.

The proportion of the population living below the national poverty line fell from 50.2 percent in 2004
to 17.7 percent in 20123 (slightly less than 3 million out of a population of 15 million) and
unpublished figures indicate that the poverty level may have fallen below 14 percent in 2014. This
constitutes an impressive result and makes Cambodia an overachiever in terms of meeting and
exceeding MDG1.

Moreover, the poverty gap index, which is defined as the average percentage shortfall in income of
those below the poverty line, declined from 7.6 percent in 2004 to 0.97 percent in 2012. This implies
that the poor are now clustered much closer to the poverty line than they were in 2004. At the same
time, the number of people living only marginally above the poverty line is very high leading to a high
level of vulnerability. A shock equivalent to an income loss of USD 0.30 per day would more than
double the poverty rate, highlighting the importance of initiatives that improve resilience and
consolidate the escape from poverty. Equitable economic growth, coupled with measures to
strengthen social protection can completely eliminate extreme poverty by 2030, the terminal year of
the Sustainable Development Goals.

It should also be noted that while the wave of economic growth has lifted all Cambodians, it is clear
that it has lifted some more than others and that more remains to be done to improve the

1
World Development Indicators, downloaded 12 Nov 2015. GDP in constant Local Currency Units (Riel).
Growth rates are exponential rates.
2
World Bank, Clear Skies-‐Cambodia, Economic Update, October 2014
3
World Development Indicators, downloaded 12 Nov 2015. Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line.
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distribution of the benefits of the wealth both geographically and socially. This translates for FAO
into promoting initiatives that will address the needs of the remaining poor, 90 percent of whom
reside in rural areas, and that will sustain and reinforce the efforts of the near-‐poor to move
permanently beyond the grasp of poverty.

In this regard, it is worth recalling that the poverty reduction was driven to a large degree by
increases in rice prices which benefitted poor rural producers, and by expansion of the cropped area.
While the production, productivity and export of rice remain a main national priority, rice prices are
no longer rising and the markets for the rice surplus are limited. Rice cannot be counted upon as a
vehicle for poverty reduction and it would be environmentally unsustainable to continue the
conversion of land to agriculture. The growth rate in agriculture has fallen to below 2 percent per
year in recent years. The sector is unlikely to resume its role as a driver of national poverty reduction
but it will continue to be a crucial source of livelihood for a large majority of the population for many
years to come. The RGC recognizes the importance of diversification and FAO’s main attention must
thus be on promoting interventions, both its own and those of others, that raise the income of, and
generate assets for poor and near-‐poor producers and processors in a manner that does not increase
the pressure on the natural resources of the country and takes account of climate change.

Women play a very important role in agriculture and in food and nutrition security. Over 75 percent
of women are employed in the agricultural sector compared to 69 percent of men4. Women are
active both in self-‐employment and wage employment in the agricultural sector and 22 percent of
small-‐scale agricultural households are female-‐led5. Women participate actively in all phases of the
cropping cycle, play the lead role in food processing and are responsible for feeding their families,
but the lack of gender-‐disaggregated data hampers informed decisions on how to optimize the
development contribution of the female labour force in the agricultural sector. Awareness is slowly
growing within the RGC of women’s key contribution to the agricultural sector and the rural
economy more broadly, but gender inequalities in access to productive resources, services and
markets remain widespread. FAO has a role to play in encouraging the implementation of the RGC’s
policies to reduce the gender inequalities and unleash the potential of rural women.

The population of Cambodia is young with 50 percent of the population below the age of 22. Many in
the young generations do not view agriculture as an attractive future and seek better prospects in
other sectors, in the cities and in neighbouring countries, particularly Thailand. The pull of the cities
and the push out of rural areas are unavoidable and a reduction of the number of people relying on
subsistence agriculture will, in the longer run, improve the profitability of agriculture and thus its
contribution to vulnerability reduction. In the short run, however, the rural migration is contributing
to reducing the growth rate of the sector as the average age of farmers’ increases and the availability
of rural labour decreases. At the same time, it is of concern that the young people are largely
unskilled and that the migration to the cities is creating a new set of challenges of un-‐ or
underemployment and increasing urban poverty and vulnerabilities. Although the rural migration
cannot be stopped, efforts are required, including by FAO, to slow it down by making agriculture and
the related value-‐chains more profitable and creating off-‐farm employment opportunities in rural
areas.
National priorities

The national development priorities of the RGC are described in the Rectangular Strategy for Growth,
Employment, Equity and Efficiency -‐ Phase III for 2014-‐18 (RS III). The overall strategic objectives of
the RS III under the technical mandate of FAO are to

4
Cambodia Gender in Agriculture Assessment – World Bank 2015
5
Final report of the 2013 Census of Agriculture

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• maintain a rate of economic growth of 7 percent per annum. This growth should be
sustainable, inclusive, equitable and resilient to shocks through, inter alia, a diversification of
the economic base of the country;
• create employment opportunities especially for young people; and
• reduce the poverty rate by one percentage point per year while meeting the MDGs and
giving high priority to sustainable management of natural resources.

Rectangle 1 of the RS III entitled “Promotion of Agriculture Sector” is the most directly relevant to
FAO’s mandate and reflect the priority of the RGC on improved productivity, diversification and
commercialization, the promotion of livestock farming and aquaculture, land reform and the
sustainable management of natural resources. Nevertheless, irrigation system management under
Rectangle 2 “Development of Physical Infrastructure” and health, nutrition, social protection and
gender equity under Rectangle 4 “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development” fall within
the technical competence and priority of FAO.

The RS III is operationalized in the National Strategic Development Plan 2014-‐18 and complemented
by sector strategies and plans of which the main ones of relevance to FAO are:
• the Agriculture Sector Strategic Development Plan (2014-‐18), including its strategic
framework for climate change in the agriculture sector;
• the Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries (2010-‐19) and the Strategic Plan for
Aquaculture Development (2014-‐2030);
• the National Forest Programme (2010-‐2029);
• the Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Development (2015-‐24) (under finalization);
• the National Strategy for Food Security and Nutrition (2014-‐18);
• the National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and the Vulnerable (2011-‐15) (being
updated);
• the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) for UNFCCC post-‐Kyoto agreement.
FAO Regional priorities

Key priorities identified by member countries during the 32nd FAO Asia-‐Pacific Regional Conference
held in 2014 mirror the priorities of the RGC. These include
• strengthening food and nutrition security through interventions to improve food availability,
access, utilization, stability and information management on these issues;
• fostering agricultural production, in particular of rice, but also of other commodities such as
fish through expanded aquaculture and rice-‐fish systems;
• developing local value chains, including through preventing post-‐harvest losses and waste;
• enhancing equitable and sustainable growth and development, through reduced natural
resource degradation and implementation of the “Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible
Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food
Security”(VGGT) and the “Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-‐scale
fisheries”;
• coping with the impacts of climate change and natural disasters, and reduce vulnerability
including through the promotion of climate smart agriculture, Disaster Risk Reduction and
the creation of alternative livelihoods.

Although Cambodia is not covered by the FAO Regional Initiative on “Asia and the Pacific’s Zero
Hunger Challenge”, the RGC launched its Zero Hunger Challenge in May 2015 and the National Action
Plan based on existing strategies and policies will facilitate the pursuance and monitoring of the
Sustainable Development Goals.

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UNDAF priorities

The CPF seeks to ensure that the activities of FAO in Cambodia contribute to the outcomes identified
in the UNDAF 2016-‐18 and thus to support further poverty and vulnerability reduction, the transition
from subsistence to commercial agriculture and the transition of the Cambodian workforce from the
informal to the formal sector and from agriculture towards the industrial and service sectors of the
economy. The UNDAF outcomes are described in Annex 2 while information on the UNDAF outcomes
to which the CPF contributes is included in the Results Matrix in Annex 1.

III. FAO’s contribution and expected results

Based on an analysis of the areas of intersection between 1) the priorities of the RGC as expressed in
the governmental priority setting documents mentioned above, 2) the FAO corporate Strategic
Objectives, 3) the FAO Regional Objectives for Asia and the Pacific, and 4) the outcomes identified
under the 2016-‐18 UNDAF, the present CPF for Cambodia will revolve around three Country
Outcomes:

1. Increased productivity, diversification and commercialization of agriculture, including crops,
livestock and aquaculture for poverty reduction and food and nutrition security.
2. Equitable and sustainable management of natural resources.
3. Reduction of vulnerability and improved resilience to shocks at national, community and
household level.

Several key issues are cross cutting throughout the CPF, including gender, youth, climate change,
nutrition, capacity development and governance.

The overarching goal of FAO’s programme in Cambodia is to contribute to the eradication of poverty,
food insecurity and malnutrition and to the sustainable management and use of the country’s
natural resources. This goal can be reached only through a coordinated and programmatic approach
in collaboration with all stakeholders. The three priority areas above are thus interlinked and will be
pursued in a coherent manner, within the constraints of availability of funding. The Results Matrix
containing outputs and indicators can be found in Annex 1 which also provides an overview of the
funding requirements.
Country Outcome 1: Increased productivity, diversification and commercialization

of agriculture, including livestock and aquaculture, for poverty reduction and food and
nutrition security

Food availability is not a constraint at the national level but chronic or seasonal access to food is a
challenge in pockets within regions and in marginalized social groups such as women, indigenous
peoples, the landless and the land poor, youths and children. Where problems exist, they are linked
to poverty and low agricultural productivity and diversification, limited access to and unsustainable
use of forestry and fishery resources, landlessness, and insufficient off-‐farm income-‐generation
opportunities in rural areas.

Furthermore, although progress is being made in Cambodia on food utilization and nutrition,
concerns remain particularly among children under five and women. Stunting, underweight, and
wasting rates of under-‐five children were measured in 2014 at 32 percent, 24 percent, and 10
percent, respectively, and the prevalence of anaemia in mothers and children remains high.
However, this is a marked improvement over 1996, the earliest year for which reliable data exist,
when the corresponding figures were 59 percent, 43 percent and 13 percent. Moreover, the

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available evidence indicates that malnutrition in boys and girls declined at almost the same rate from
1996 to 2014.

In addition to low purchasing power, reasons for malnutrition include low availability of nutritious
alternative foods to rice, limited knowledge and capacity to preserve food, unawareness of the
importance of a balanced diet, especially for small children, low levels of food safety and quality, and
low standards of water quality, sanitation and hygiene.

Fish, particularly freshwater fish, constitute an essential source of protein for Cambodians. Given the
finite quantity of freshwater and marine fisheries resources and the threat posed by the construction
of hydroelectric plants and unsustainable fishing practices, aquaculture will become increasingly
important. The growth of this sector is dependent on the creation of the necessary supporting
services, including availability of seeds (fingerlings, etc.), feeds and extension services, and an
enabling environment for the private sector.

The livestock sector is dominated by small-‐scale, extensive animal husbandry, but productivity is low
due to poor husbandry practices and zoonotic diseases. Consumption of meat by Cambodians is
slowly rising, however, creating interesting market opportunities for producers.

The entire agriculture production and processing sector is challenged by a lack of skills in modern
agricultural and animal husbandry methods and techniques on the part of producers, including
young farmers. They also lack knowledge of the needs of the domestic and export markets, and of
SPS and food safety issues. At the same time, more attention and financial resources are needed for
research, development and extension activities.

Smallholders are poorly organized, reducing their bargaining power and their ability to support each
other. Some farmer organizations exist (e.g. cooperatives, fishery communities, forestry
communities, protected area communities, etc.), but they need reinforcement to improve
effectiveness.

Although Cambodia's economy has undergone a significant structural change over the past two
decades, agriculture continues to be the single most important sector in terms of employment.
However, it is increasingly recognized that agriculture cannot remain the main source of
employment and income if rural poverty and vulnerability is to be reduced and if productivity is to
increase both per hectare and per unit of labour. Diversification into both farm and non-‐farm
income opportunities, as well as more stable and less informal and casual forms of employment in
rural areas are needed to reduce poverty and distress out-‐migration, especially of young people.

In this context, it is noted that many children are employed as child labourers, thus reinforcing a
vicious cycle of poverty and undermining the employment prospects of future young generations.
About 85 percent of all child labour in Cambodia is in agriculture6 and the share of children in
hazardous work both in rural and urban areas is increasing.

The RGC recognizes the above challenges and has adopted a wide spectrum of policies, strategies
and action plans to raise the competitiveness of the agricultural sector, largo sensu, to improve the
quality of the agricultural outputs, to diversify the agricultural production toward more high value
commodities and to improve the nutritional status of the population, in particular the children.
Consequently, FAO’s interventions under Outcome 1 of the CPF will aim to support the
implementation of the RGC’s strategies and action plans and in particular to accomplish the
following:

6
Cambodia Labour Force and Child Labour Survey 2012

5


• smallholder farmers and other small-‐scale producers, men, women and youths in targeted areas,
have access to knowledge, technologies and decent employment opportunities to increase
productivity, diversify the production, increase value addition in rice and other products,
improve access to markets, and improve their income and living standards, including their
nutritional status;
• pro-‐poor policies are available to the RGC for implementation, and productive, safe and gender-‐
sensitive on-‐ and off-‐farm employment and income generation opportunities have been
identified;
• access for the poorest to rural services, including micro-‐credit, is improved and their capacity to
reduce post-‐harvest losses is increased;
• participatory approaches to promote innovative practices are available i) in key value chains,
including the multiplication of vegetable seed, management of rice-‐field fisheries, and animal
health and production; ii) for capacity development such as support to the training of
veterinarians, promotion of school gardens and the use of Farmer Field/Junior Farmer Field and
Life Schools and other training methods; and iii) to increase value-‐addition and market access;
• initiatives are promoted that increase the knowledge and implementation of food-‐based
approaches to nutrition, improve the recognition of the role of women in agriculture and the
mainstreaming of gender considerations into agricultural policies and plans, and identify and
encourage vulnerability reducing livelihood options for women and youths, while also protecting
children from labour, in particular the worst forms of child labour;
• national and subnational institutions and stakeholders are enabled to design and implement
gender-‐sensitive legislative frameworks, policies, strategies and action plans related to food
security and nutrition, including food safety and plant and animal health, in line with
international norms and standards. Attention will be paid to increasing the capacity of
government institutions to formulate policies and to monitor and analyse the impact on food
systems of policies and interventions related to trade, social protection, food and agriculture;
• the coordination mechanisms established by the RGC in the areas falling under the mandate of
the Organization, including the Technical Working Groups and their subsidiary bodies, are
supported to facilitate policy discussion and decision, planning, information management and
monitoring.
Country Outcome 2: Equitable and sustainable management of natural resources.

Cambodia’s rapid economic development is having serious, far-‐reaching impacts on its environment
and natural resources base.

As mentioned above, the wild capture fish resources are under threat from habitat loss and over
exploitation. Flooded forests and mangroves, which regulate water quality, check soil erosion and
serve as nurseries for fish and other aquatic species, continue to be degraded. This threatens the
survival of these aquatic animals and the livelihoods that depend on them. The development of
hydroelectric dams, large irrigation schemes, uncontrolled use of pesticides and other pollutants,
and illegal and unsustainable fishing practices all increase the pressure on Cambodia’s fish and water
resources.

Similarly, forestry resources are under tremendous pressure. Although consensus figures are not
available, the levels of deforestation and forest degradation are very high due to agricultural
expansion, illegal logging, and economic land concession activities. In addition to the impact on
forest dependent livelihoods, this destruction of habitats is leading to the disappearance of
biodiversity and wildlife at alarming rates and affects watersheds with adverse impacts on the quality
and availability of water resources and increased erosion.

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Tenure, including user rights to common goods, is a particularly challenging issue in Cambodia.
Smallholder farmers, fishermen, indigenous people and other marginalized social groups, are
threatened by eviction from their lands and forests by the allocation of tracts of land to companies
under economic land concessions and by illegal exploitation of forest and fisheries resources. While a
legal framework and recourse and safeguard mechanisms exist to regulate and resolve tenure issues,
the RGC is struggling with their implementation and many conflicts in Cambodia revolve around
tenure.

In this context and building on the initiatives of the RGC and its partners to harness the potential of
the natural resources of Cambodia for the benefit of the entire population present and future, FAO
will seek to achieve the following under Outcome 2:

• the capacity of concerned stakeholders to undertake data collection, analysis and application
related to forest inventory, Green House Gas emissions, land degradation assessment, soil
mapping, land use and agro-‐ecological zoning and to manage land tenure has been increased;
through Cambodia’s inclusion in the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics,
capacity is created to plan for gender-‐disaggregated data and information collection and analysis
across different agricultural subsectors following the 2013 National Census of Agriculture;
• targeted Forestry, Fisheries and Protected Area Communities, with particular attention to their
female members, are enabled to manage their livelihoods and natural resources through the
design and implementation of gender-‐sensitive integrated and multi-‐sectoral strategies for eco-‐
system management and for restoration of degraded agricultural land and forests, in a manner
that takes account of the impact of climate change.
Country Outcome 3: Reduction of vulnerability and improved resilience to shocks at national,

community and household level.

Given the vulnerability of a large part of the Cambodian population living under or just above the
poverty line and the high dependence on subsistence agriculture, food stability is easily disrupted by
shocks such as illness in the family, price fluctuations and natural disasters (e.g., floods, drought,
heat stress, storms, plant pests and animal diseases).

In addition, Cambodia is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as much of the
national territory is low lying, as the livelihoods of a large majority of population depend on
predictable weather patterns and as the capacity of the RGC to respond to climate change is limited.

Against this background, FAO will work with national institutions and other partners to monitor
threats and provide early warning. FAO also aims to build the capacity of rural men and women and
of other stakeholders at all levels to prevent and mitigate threats and crises through the
identification and dissemination of best practices for Disaster Risk Reduction.

IV. Implementation, monitoring and reporting arrangements

The estimated resource requirement for the implementation of the CPF is USD 23.1 million over
three years of which USD 8.3 million are available, mainly through the Global Environmental Facility
(GEF), Government resources (Unilateral Trust Fund) and the FAO Technical Cooperation Programme
(TCP). Of the USD 14.8 million to be mobilized, approximately USD 2 million are expected provided
through the TCP, of which approximately 1 million in 2016-‐17 as outlined in Annex 3, leaving a
funding gap of USD 12.8 million. Based on a Resource Mobilization Strategy and in partnership with
the concerned ministries, this gap will be sought closed through the mobilization of financial
resources from the RGC and its Development Partners, including in the context of UN Joint

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Programmes under the UNDAF, Unilateral Trust Fund arrangements, GEF and advocacy for access to
un-‐ or slightly earmarked financial resources mobilized by FAO headquarters. FAO will also seek to
facilitate South-‐South Cooperation arrangements as appropriate.

The CPF will be implemented in the broadest possible partnerships and in alignment with the
joint efforts of the RGC and its development partners for enhanced coordination and aid
effectiveness. This coordination will take place bilaterally between FAO and partner
ministries and between FAO and Development Partners as well as through the active
participation of FAO in the aid coordination mechanisms established by the Government, in
particular the Technical Working Groups and their subsidiary and associated structures and
mechanisms.

The FAO Representation in Cambodia bears the main responsibility for the planning and
implementation of the CPF in close collaboration with the RGC. An annual review of progress will be
carried out in the last months of each year under the responsibility of the FAO Representation in
Cambodia in consultation with concerned partners and FAO staff. The result of the review will
constitute an input of FAO to the monitoring of the UNDAF. Modifications to the CPF Results Matrix
will be undertaken, if required, based on the outcome of the annual review. The conclusions of the
review and any proposals for major revisions at the level of outputs will be submitted to the
Technical Working Group on Agriculture and Water which constitutes the aid coordination body for
discussions related to the sector. The Group is chaired by two Secretaries of State of Ministry of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology, facilitated
by FAO, and composed of representatives from the relevant ministries, departments, Development
Partners and NGOs.

A Monitoring and Evaluation Plan will be developed to allow for tracking of implementation and
progress against the CPF indicators and outcomes, and the contribution to the UNDAF outcomes. The
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan will take account of the need for monitoring against the Sustainable
Development Goals starting in 2015. As the duration of the CPF is only three years, no mid-‐term
evaluation will be carried out.

Annexes:
Annex 1: CPF results and resource requirements matrix
Annex 2: UN-‐system linkage
Annex 3: TCP indicative pipeline
Annex 4: TCP General Provisions

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Annex 1: CPF Results and Resource Requirements for 2016 to 2018
Country outcome 1: Increased productivity, diversification and commercialization of agriculture, including livestock and aquaculture for poverty reduction and food
and nutrition security.

UNDAF Outcome 1: Sustainable, inclusive growth and development, including indicator 1.1.: Percentage share of national consumption by households in the two
lowest quintiles, and outcome 2”Social development, social protection and human capital, including indicator 2.4: Nutrition and WASH
Regional Priority: Zero Hunger Challenge
Indicative Resource Requirements (USD)
Implementing
Total Resource mobilization target partners
Output and indicator Indicator target by end-‐2018 estimated Available
Voluntary SSC or other (Government
resources funding TCP
(Including U TF) Partnerships actors and other)
required
Ministry of
Output 1.1.: Increased access of the poor 2 activities that raise awareness,
Agriculture,
and marginalized, including women and build capacities and implement
Forestry and
youths, in target areas to appropriate pro-‐poor, gender sensitive
Fisheries (MAFF),
knowledge, methods, technologies, knowledge, science and
60,000 Ministry of
markets for improved production, income technologies with FAO's technical
500,000 GCP/RAS/ 280,000 160,000 Environment
and nutritional status. and policy assistance (e.g. pro-‐poor
276/ IFA (MoE), Ministry
Corporate output 3.1.3: Support to improve policies on vegetable production
of Women’s
access of poor rural producers and and income generation, workshops
Affairs (MoWA),
households to appropriate technologies on gender equity for sustainable
subnational
and knowledge, inputs and markets. rural development)
entities
2 activities to create knowledge
Output 1.2: Increased capacity of targeted
and capacity of stakeholders to MAFF Ministry of
stakeholders to develop sustainable and
identify and develop value chains 50,000 Commerce
profitable value chains.
supported by FAO (e.g. GCP/RAS/ (MoC), Ministry
Corporate output 4.2.3: Value chain actors 500,000 350,000 100,000
mainstreaming principles of the 281/ of Education,
are provided with technical and managerial
Save Food Campaign into relevant FRA Youth and Sports
support to promote inclusive, efficient and
projects and programmes, support (MoEYS)
sustainable agrifood chains.
to promotion of niche products)
Output 1.3: Improved capacity of targeted 5 FAO-‐supported initiatives that 1,700,000
stakeholders, in particular women and use inclusive and participatory GCP/RAS/
youth, in selected value chains to promote approaches to validate and 229/ SWE MAFF, MoEYS,
1,700,000
and use improved production techniques facilitate uptake of innovative TCP/CMB/ schools, WFP
and technologies. practices for sustainable 3503
Corporate output 2.1.1: Innovative agricultural production (e.g. TCP/CMB/

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practices for sustainable agricultural Integrated Pest Management, 3504
production (including traditional practices climate change adaptation TCP/CMB/
that improve sustainability, such as those methods using Farmer Field 3506
listed as Globally Important Agricultural Schools/Junior Farmer Field and GCP/CMB
Heritage Systems) are identified, assessed Life Schools, promotion of school /036/ LDF
and disseminated and their adoption by gardens, capacity development of FMM/GLO
stakeholders is facilitated. school teachers on nutrition, /112/MUL
improved community management Baby 5
of fish refuges, vegetable seed
production, restoration of
degraded forests and landscapes)
Output 1.4: Improved capacity of targeted
stakeholders to formulate and adopt 3 institutions provided with
legislations, regulations, standards and trainings, technical advice and
implementation arrangements in line with analyses by FAO to design and MAFF, MoE,
international and regional standards. implements policies, action plans MoC, Ministry of
162,000
Corporate output 4.1.4: Public sector and regulatory frameworks for Health (MoH),
500,000 TCP/CMB/ 298,000 40,000
institutions are supported to improve their plant and animal health and food Royal University
3505
capacity to design and implement better safety (e.g., General Directorate of of Agriculture
policies and regulatory frameworks, and to Agriculture, Department of Animal (RUA), WHO
provide public services related to plant and Health and Production, Royal
animal health, food safety and quality. University of Agriculture)

Output 1.5: Increased capacity of targeted 3 capacity development activities
stakeholders to formulate coherent and implemented by FAO to establish
gender-‐sensitive policies and strengthen and institutionalize the ability of
MAFF, MoE
governance, coordination and monitoring government institutions to monitor 1,460,000
Council for
mechanisms related to food and nutrition and analyse policies (e.g. policy GCP/CMB
Agricultural and
security and sustainable agriculture. advisor, integration of climate /036/ LDF
1,500,000 40,000 Rural
Corporate output 1.1.1: Improving change adaptation into national GCP/INT/2
Development
capacities of governments and stakeholders agriculture and food security 44/EC
(CARD), UNICEF,
for developing sectoral and cross-‐sectoral policies and planning, (FIRST)
WFP
policy frameworks and investment plans implementation of the Voluntary
and programmes for food security and Guidelines on Sustainable Small-‐
nutrition. Scale Fisheries )
Output 1.6: Effective dialogue mechanism 3 dialogues and other coordination MAFF, CARD,
between Government and Development processes facilitated by or 0 0 other ministries,
Partners related to agriculture in place. contributed to by FAO in which Development

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Corporate output 1.2.1: Improving decision makers capitalize on the Partners
capacities of governments and stakeholders advantages of bringing together
for strategic coordination across sectors different sectors and stakeholders
and stakeholders for food security and for policy discussion (e.g. meetings
nutrition. of the TWG-‐AW in which
discussions of policy issues take
place)
2 initiatives supported by FAO that
raise awareness and build
capacities of stakeholders to
Ministry of
Output 1.7: Increased access of the rural formulate and implement policies
Agriculture,
poor, especially youth and women, to related to decent work and women
Forestry and
decent farm and non-‐farm employment and youth empowerment and to ,
950,000 Fisheries (MAFF),
opportunities and prevention of child prevention and reduction of child
1,200,000 GCP/CMB 250,000 Ministry of
labour. labour (e.g. assessment of
/036/ LDF Women’s Affairs
Corporate Output 3.2.2: Policy support to constraints of women and youth in
(MoWA),
extend the application of International targeted areas and initial livelihood
subnational
Labour Standards to rural areas. options identified, capacity
entities
development of the Fisheries
Administration on prevention of
child labour)
1 initiative that generates and
Output 1.8: Increased access of the poor
disseminates knowledge of pro-‐
and marginalized, including women and Ministry of
poor and gender-‐sensitive rural
youths, in target areas to rural services and Agriculture,
service delivery with FAO technical 425,000
infrastructure. Forestry and
support and that builds the 500,000 UTF/CMB/ 75,000
Corporate Output 3.1.4: Support to Fisheries (MAFF),
capacity of stakeholders including 038/ CMB
innovations in rural services provision and subnational
rural institutions and government
infrastructure development accessible to entities
authorities (e.g.functioning rural
the rural poor.
finance system in target areas)
Total resource requirements for Outcome 1 6,400,000 4,807,000 1,253,000 340,000
Additional considerations on FAO’s assistance: No significant risks are identified under this priority area.

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Country outcome 2: Equitable and sustainable management of natural resources.

Related UNDAF Outcome: Sustainable, inclusive growth and development, including indicator 1.4.: Environmental Performance Index of Cambodia, and indicator 1.5: Index
for Cambodia Policies and Institutions for Environmental Sustainability
Regional Priority: Enhancing equitable and sustainable growth and development, through reduced natural resource degradation and implementation of the voluntary
guidelines on tenure and small scale fisheries
Indicative Resource Requirements (USD)
Implementing
Output and indicator Indicator target by end-‐2018 estimated Available
Voluntary SSC or other (Government
resources funding TCP
(Including U TF) Partnerships actors and other)
required
3 relevant data/information
Output 2.1: Increased capacity of targeted
products are produced by
stakeholders to carry out inventories and
stakeholders with capacity
assessments of natural resources, the MAFF, MoE,
development support by FAO
impact of climate change and to monitor CARD, Ministry of
(e.g. forest inventory, 100,000
and report. Economy and
methodology for land use and 5,000,000 MTF/RAS/ 4,550,000 350,000
Corporate output 2.4.3: Capacity Finance (MEF),
agro-‐ecological zoning, Activity 372/MUL
development support is provided to Ministry of
Data, Emission Factors, GHG
institutions at national and regional levels Planning (MoP)
inventory and reporting, plan for
to plan for and conduct data collection,
surveys in the post-‐agriculture
analyses, application and dissemination.
census period)
Output 2.2: Strengthened regulatory 3 initiatives supported by FAO
frameworks and institutional capacity for aimed at building capacity to
200,000
sustainable and gender equitable analyse governance issues and MAFF, MoE,
TCP/RAS/
management of natural resources, options for integrated agricultural Ministry of Land
3506
including tenure and natural resources sector Management,
350,000 GCP/GLO/ 150,000
Corporate output 2.2.1: Countries are sustainability (e.g. awareness Urban Planning
395
supported to analyse governance issues raising on the VGGT, action plan and Construction
/EC
and options for sustainable agricultural to strengthen forest tenure (MoLMUPC)

production and natural resources policies, capacity building related
management. to FLEGT)
Output 2.3: Improved capacity of Forestry, 2 FAO supported initiatives
Fisheries and Protected Area Communities conducted to identify, document MAFF, MOE,
and other stakeholders in targeted areas to and facilitate uptake of 7,000,000 0 6,700,000 300,000 subnational
design, approve and implement natural integrated and multi-‐sectoral entities
resources management plans that reflect strategies for sustainable

12


livelihood and ecosystem considerations. ecosystem management,
Corporate output 2.1.2: Integrated and restoration and climate change
multi-‐sectoral approaches for ecosystem adaptation and mitigation (e.g.
valuation, management and restoration are Fisheries, Forestry and Protected
identified, assessed, disseminated and their Area Communities in at least four
adoption by stakeholders is facilitated. provinces supported)
Total resource requirements for Outcome 2 12,350,000 300,000 11,40,000 650,000

Additional considerations on FAO’s assistance: There are two main challenges for the implementation of this priority area. The first is the availability of financial resources,
while the second is the will and capacity of the concerned national counterparts to effectively contribute financially and in-‐kind to activities related to the gathering, analysis
and dissemination of information on natural resources. It is considered that if the latter can be resolved, the former will be a lesser problem.

Country outcome 3: Reduction of vulnerability and improved resilience to shocks at national, community and household level.

Related UNDAF Outcome: Sustainable, inclusive growth and development, including indicator 1.8: Share of population identified as multidimensionally poor according to
the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
Regional Priority: Coping with the impacts of climate change and natural disasters, and reduce vulnerability including through the promotion of climate smart agriculture,
Disaster Risk Reduction and the creation of alternative livelihoods
Indicative Resource Requirements (USD) Implementing
Output and indicator Indicator target by end-‐2018 estimated Available (Government
resources funding Voluntary SSC or other actors and
TCP
required (Including UTF) Partnerships other)
3 integrated and/or sector specific
Output 3.1: Best practices for the
standards, technologies and
prevention and mitigation of threats and MAFF, MoE,
measures for risk prevention and
crises available to selected communities MoWA,
mitigation developed and
and other stakeholders, in particular 2,900,000 National
disseminated in target areas with
women. EPT-‐2 Committee for
FAO support (e.g. control of 3,900,000 1,000,000
Corporate output 5.3.1: Improving GCP/CMB Disaster
transboundary animal diseases,
capacities of countries, communities and /036/LDF Management
integrated watershed
key stakeholders to implement prevention (NCDM), WFP,
management, climate-‐smart
and mitigation good practices to reduce the UNICEF, UNDP
agriculture, Disaster Risk
impacts of threats and crises.
Reduction)

13


Output 3.2: Particularly disaster affected
farmers and their households enabled to Percentage of people affected by a
MAFF, MoE,
resume food production. crisis impacting agriculture to
TBD 0 NCDM, UN
Corporate output 5.4.3: Strengthening whom FAO provided timely and
Agencies
capacities of national authorities and gender responsive crisis response.
stakeholders in crisis response.
Output 3.3: Early warning and analytical MAFF, CARD,
work to underpin resilience-‐related Ministry for
300,000
programming available. 1 threat monitoring Water
GCP/INT/2
Corporate output 5.2.2: Improving mechanism/system supported by Resources and
400,000 45/EC 100,000
capacities to assess vulnerabilities and FAO to enhance delivery of early Meteorology
(INFORME
resilience determinants of warning (e.g. IPC) (MoWRAM),
D)
community/livelihood groups. MoE, NCDM,
WFP, UNICEF
Total resource requirements for Outcome3 4,300,000 3,200,000 1,100,000

Additional considerations on FAO’s assistance: The availability of financial resource, in particular from GEF, is the main possible constraint as the GEF is facing a funding
shortfall. The risk will be mitigated to the extent possible through the submission of project proposals to other donors.

14


Annex 2: UN-system linkage

In line with the principles of effective aid coordination, the members of the United Nations Country
Team (UNCT) in Cambodia coordinate their support to the Royal Government through the United
Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) under the leadership of the Resident
Coordinator.

An UNDAF for 2016-‐18 was prepared in 2014 and early 2015 to replace the 2011-‐15 UNDAF, based
on a Common Country Assessment. Given the wish of the UNCT to align with the programming
schedule of the Government, it was decided to synchronise the UNDAF and the individual agency
planning to the RS III and the NSDP and thus to prepare a three-‐year UNDAF to terminate at the
same time as these national priority setting documents. Consequently, the FAO CPF has been
formulated to coincide with the UNDAF and is therefore only of a three year duration.

The 2016-‐18 UNDAF has been formulated at the outcome level only. The three outcomes are:
• Outcome 1 -‐ Sustainable, Inclusive Growth and Development: By 2018, people living in
Cambodia, in particular youth, women and vulnerable groups, are enabled to actively participate
in and benefit equitably from growth and development that is sustainable and does not
compromise the well-‐being, natural and cultural resources of future generations.

• Outcome 2 -‐ Social development, Social Protection, and Human Capital: By 2018, more people,
especially vulnerable, poor and marginalized groups, are equitably benefiting and contributing
from affordable, sustainable and quality social services and protection and have gained
enhanced skills to achieve and contribute to social and human development

• Outcome 3 -‐ Governance and Human Rights: By 2018, national and subnational institutions are
more transparent and accountable for key public sector reforms and rule of law; are more
responsive to the inequalities in the enjoyment of human rights of all people living in Cambodia;
and increase civic participation in democratic decision-‐making.

FAO and UNDP are lead agencies for Outcome 1, co-‐authored the relevant text of the UNDAF and
decided on the selection of indicators. FAO also contributed actively to the formulation of
Outcome 2, especially as regards nutrition. The monitoring of the UNDAF will be undertaken by a
Monitoring and Evaluation Group established under the oversight of the UNDAF Advisory Group and
the overall responsibility of the UNCT. Progress in the implementation of the UNDAF is reported
annually to the RGC.

Joint fund raising in support of the UNDAF in the form of formulation of Joint Programmes in areas of
common concern is being undertaken and FAO participates in these initiatives with WFP, UNICEF,
UNDP, ILO and others.

15


Annex 3: TCP Indicative Pipeline

Country* Cambodia
CPF implementation cycle * Start: Year 2016 Month January End: Year 2018 Month December
Time frame for the Indicative
Start: Year 2016 Month January End: Year 2017 Month December7
TCP pipeline*
Indicative Indicative TCP Scope/type of
TCP contribution to CPF
biennium for resource Implementing Government interventions (TCP and TCP
Ref. to CPF priority and output* result -‐ Title
resource requirements/ institution/ partner facility)*
(TCP and TCP facility)*)
allocation * range (US$)
Country priority 1: Increased productivity, diversification and commercialization of agriculture, including livestock and aquaculture for poverty reduction and food and
nutrition security
Output 1.1: Increased access of
the poor and marginalized,
including women and youths, in
target areas to innovative rural Capacity development
services and to appropriate for improved analysis
Ministry of Agriculture,
knowledge, methods, and awareness raising of Full TCP, capacity development 2016/17 160,000
Forestry and Fisheries
technologies, markets and the role of gender in
decent employment agriculture
opportunities for improved
production, income and
nutritional status.
Output 1.2: Increased capacity Support to the
Ministry of Agriculture,
of targeted stakeholders to identification and TCP Facility, technical
2016/17 100,000 Forestry and Fisheries,
develop sustainable and promotion of niche assistance
Ministry of Education
profitable value chains. products
Output 1.4: Improved capacity of
targeted stakeholders to
formulate and adopt legislations, Assistance for the Ministry of Agriculture,
regulations, standards and development of laws TCP Facility, policy advice 2016/17 40,000 Forestry and Fisheries,
implementation arrangements and regulations Ministry of Commerce
in line with international and
regional standards.

7
The TCP requirements for 2018 will be determined in 2017.

16


Output 1.5: Increased capacity
of targeted stakeholders to Assistance related to the
formulate coherent policies and formulation of policies
strengthen governance, and support to the TCP Facility, technical Council for Agriculture and
2016/17 40,000
coordination and monitoring strengthening of assistance Rural Development
mechanisms related to food coordination and
and nutrition security and monitoring systems
sustainable agriculture.
Country Priority 2: Equitable and sustainable management of natural resources
Preparation and testing
on methodology for Full TCP, technical assistance, 2016/17 300,000
establishment of soil capacity development Ministry of Agriculture,
Output 2.1: Increased capacity
Information and Land Forestry and Fisheries,
of targeted stakeholders to
Resource Management TCP Facility, technical 2016/17 50,000 Ministry of Environment
carry out inventories and
System assistance, capacity
assessments of natural
Strengthen capacity in development Ministry of Agriculture,
resources and to monitor and
GHG inventory Forestry and Fisheries,
report.
development for Ministry of Environment
preparation of the first
Biennial Update report
Output 2.3: Improved capacity
of Forestry, Fisheries and
Protected Area Communities

and other stakeholders in Ministry of Environment,
Formulation of GEF and
targeted areas to design, Full TCP, technical assistance 2016/17 300,000 Ministry of Agriculture,
GCF proposals
approve and implement natural Forestry and Fisheries

resources management plans
that reflect livelihood and
ecosystem considerations.

17


Annex 4: TCP General Provisions

1. The achievement of the objectives set by the project shall be the joint responsibility of the
government and FAO.

2. As part of its contribution to the project, the government shall agree to make available the
requisite number of qualified national personnel and the buildings, training facilities,
equipment, transport and other local services necessary for the implementation of the project.

3. The government shall assign authority for the project within the country to a government
agency, which shall constitute the focal point for cooperation with FAO in the execution of the
project, and which shall exercise the government's responsibility in this regard.

4. Project equipment, materials and supplies provided out of Technical Cooperation Programme
funds shall normally become the property of the government immediately upon their arrival in
the country, unless otherwise specified in the agreement. The government shall ensure that
such equipment, materials and supplies are at all times available for use of the project and
that adequate provision is made for their safe custody, maintenance and insurance. Vehicles
remain the property of FAO, unless otherwise specified in the agreement.

5. Subject to any security provisions in force, the government shall furnish to FAO and to its
personnel on the project, if any, such relevant reports, tapes, records and other data as may
be required for the execution of the project.

6. The selection of FAO project personnel, of other persons performing services on behalf of FAO
in connection with the project, and of trainees, shall be undertaken by FAO, after consultation
with the government. In the interest of rapid project implementation, the government shall
undertake to expedite to the maximum degree possible its procedures for the clearance of
FAO personnel and other persons performing services on behalf of FAO and to dispense with,
wherever possible, clearance for short-‐term FAO personnel.

7. The government shall apply to FAO, its property, funds and assets, and to its staff, the
provisions of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies.
Except as otherwise agreed by the government and FAO in the Project Document, the
government shall grant the same privileges and immunities contained in the Convention to all
other persons performing services on behalf of FAO in connection with the execution of the
project.

8. With a view to the rapid and efficient execution of the project, the government shall grant to
FAO, its staff, and to all other persons performing services on behalf of FAO, the necessary
facilities including:

i) the prompt issuance, free of charge, of any visas or permits required;

ii) any permits necessary for the importation and, where appropriate, the subsequent
exportation, of equipment, materials and supplies required for use in connection with the
project and exemption from the payment of all customs duties or other levies or charges
relating to such importation or exportation;

iii) exemption from the payment of any sales or other tax on local purchases of equipment,
materials and supplies for use in connection with the project;

18


iv) payment of transport costs within the country, including handling, storage, insurance and
all other related costs, with respect to equipment, materials or supplies for use in
connection with the project;

v) the most favourable legal rate of exchange;

vi) assistance to FAO staff, to the extent possible, in obtaining suitable accommodation;

vii) any permits necessary for the importation of property belonging to and intended for the
personal use of FAO staff or of other persons performing services on behalf of FAO, and
for the subsequent exportation of such property;

viii) prompt customs clearance of the equipment, materials, supplies and property referred to
in subparagraphs (ii) and (vii) above.

9. The Government shall appoint a National Project Coordinator (NPC), as envisaged in the
Project Document, to carry out the functions and activities specified in the agreement. In
some cases, it may be necessary for FAO to request, in writing, the NPC to incur specific
commitments or obligations or to make specific payments on behalf of FAO. In such cases, the
project may advance to the NPC project monies, up to the amounts allowed by and in
accordance with current FAO rules and regulations. In this event the Government agrees to
indemnify FAO and to make good to it, any losses that may arise from any irregularity in the
maintenance of the advanced FAO’s monies on the part of the NPC.

10. The government shall deal with any claim which may be brought by third parties against FAO
or its staff, or against any person performing services on behalf of FAO, and shall hold them
harmless in respect of any claim or liability arising in connection with the project, unless the
government and FAO should agree that the claim or liability arises from gross negligence or
wilful misconduct on the part of the individuals mentioned above.

11. The persons performing services on behalf of FAO, referred to in paragraphs 6, 7, 8 and 10,
shall include any organization, firm or other entity, which FAO may designate to take part in
the execution of the project.

19

Office of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
House #5, Street 370, BBK I
P.O. Box 53, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Fax: (855) 23 216 547 - tel: (855) 23 216 566 / (855) 23 211 702
http://www.fao.org/cambodia

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Kingdom of Cambodia

FAO COUNTRY PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK

II. Country context and priorities

FAO Regional priorities

III. FAO’s contribution and expected results

Country Outcome 1: Increased productivity, diversification and commercialization

Country Outcome 2: Equitable and sustainable management of natural resources.

Country Outcome 3: Reduction of vulnerability and improved resilience to shocks at national,

IV. Implementation, monitoring and reporting arrangements

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