KF@FAFM

@BLZEX XE_FTF^FL FLF@ NELDFL XELSF@C^ @_BLCZ/^E_KCLFA

Ncsusul Ultu` Kekelumc Zfafm Zftu ^udfs Kftf @uacfm @eperfwftfl Flf` CC
Ncfkpu baem 7 Mflc Mflnfyflc K.@ep

Ncsusul Baem 7

_cslf Zctc Lurfkflfm (J6=6>?86899)

X_BNC Z6 @EXE_FTF^FL

IF@UA^FZ CAKU @EZEMF^FL

ULCYE_ZC^FZ KUMFKKFNCSFM ^FZC@KFAFSF

?8?8/?8?6

c
 @F^F XELDFL^F_

Xugc nfl syu`ur peluacs pflgft`fl `e mfncrft ^umfl Sfld Kfmf Esf ftfs
oer`ft nfl rfmkft-Lyf peluacs nfpft kelyeaesfc`fl kf`fafm @eperfwftfl Flf`
Neldfl Xelyf`ct @erblcs ftfu ^erkclfa. Kf`fafm clc ncsusul ultu` kekelumc sfafm
sftu
sftu tudfs
tudfs nfrc
nfrc kftf
kftf `uacfm
`uacfm @eperf
@eperfwft
wftfl
fl Flf` CC nc Gurusf
Gurusfl
l Z6 @eperf
@eperfwft
wftfl
fl
Ulcversctfs Kumfkkfncyfm ^fsc`kfafyf. Xeluacs gudf keldujfp`fl terckf `fscm
`epfnf Cou Mflc Mflnfyflc, K.@ep seaf`u pekockocld nfl sekuf pcmf` yfld teafm
kekofltu semclddf kf`fafm clc nfpft ncseaesfc`fl tepft pfnf wf`tulyf.
Kf`fafm clc kfscm gfum nfrc sekpurlf, baem `frelf ctu peluacs keldmfrfp`fl
`rctc` nfl sfrfl yfld oerscift kekofldul nekc `esekpurlffl kf`fafm clc. Zekbdf

kf`fafm clc nfpft kekoerc`fl

kf`fafm kekoerc`fl clibrkfsc
clibrkfsc ofdc kfsyfrf`ft
kfsyfrf`ft nfl oerkflifft ultu`
peldekofldfl wfwfsfl nfl pelcld`ftfl caku peldetfmufl ofdc
of dc `ctf sekuf..
F`mcr `ftf peluacs keldujfpf`fl terckf `fscm

^fsc`kfafyf, ?: Zeptekoer ?8?8

Xeluacs

c
 NFI^F_ CZC

@ftf Xeldfltfr .........................................

...............................................................
............................................
.....................................
....................c
.....c
Nfitfr Csc.............................................
Csc...................................................................
.....................................................................
...............................................cc
cc
OFO C XELNFMUAUFL
F. Aftfr Oeaf`fld ..........................................
................................................................
..........................................
..............................
..........6
6
O. _ukusfl Kfsfafm............................................
Kfsfafm.....................................................................................
..............................................?
.....?
J. ^ugufl..................................
^ugufl........................................................
............................................
.....................................................?
...............................?
OFO CC XEKOFMFZFL

F. Xeldertcfl ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
......................................:
................:
O. Etcbabdc......................................
Etcbabdc............................................................
............................................
........................................
..........................>
........>
J. Kelciestfsc @aclcs........................................
@aclcs..............................................................
.............................................
..............................5
.......5
N. Xercaf`u Xfscel ^ermfnfp Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa.................................................
^erkclfa.................................................99
E. Fsumfl @eperfwftfl Sfld
Sfld Ncperau`fl Xfnf Flf` Sfld Keldfafkc
Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa...........................................
^erkclfa.................................................................
............................................
............................3
......3
OFO CCC XELU^UX
F. Zckpuafl..................................
Zckpuafl........................................................
............................................
............................................
...........................64
.....64

O. Zfrfl............................................
Zfrfl..................................................................
............................................
.............................................
.......................64
64
NFI^F_ XUZ^F@F..................................
XUZ^F@F........................................................
.....................................................
....................................6=
.....6=
 ?

OFO C
XELNFMUAUFL

F. Aftfr
Aftfr Oeaf
Oeaf`f
`fld
ld
Xerf
Xerfwf
wftt fn
fnfa
fafm
fm pr
prbi
bies
escc yf
yfld
ld nc ib
ib`u
`us`
s`fl
fl pf
pfnf
nf pe
perf
rfwf
wftt
clncvcnu, `eaufrdf, nfl kfsyfrf`ft, semclddf kere`f nfpft keljfpfc,
kekper
kekpertfm
tfmfl
fl `fl
`fl,, ftfu kek
kekuac
uacm`f
m`fl
l `es
`esemf
emftfl
tfl yfl
yfld
d bpt
bptckf
ckfaa nfl
`ufactfs
`ufactfs mcnup nfrc afmcr sfkpfc kftc.ofdfckflf
kftc.ofdfckflf perfl perfwf
perfwftt nfafk
kelfldflc pfscel yfld senfld keldmfnfpc prbses terkclfa{sf`frftua
kfut}.
Xerfl perfwft sfldft `blpremelsci
`blpremelsci nfafk kelfl
kelfldflc
dflc pfscel
`fre
`frelf
lf pe
perf
rfl
l pe
perf
rfwf
wftt fn
fnfa
fafm
fm ke
keko
kock
ckoc
ocld
ld rb
rbmf
mflc
lc pf
pfsc
scel
el yf
yfld
ld
kerupf
kerupf`fl
`fl ofd
ofdcfl
cfl clt
cltedr
edrfa
fa nfr
nfrcc oel
oeltu`
tu` pea
peafyf
fyflfl
lfl `ese
`esemft
mftfl
fl nfa
nfafk
fk
upfyff kekel
upfy kekelumc
umc `eout
`eoutumfl
umfl ocbab
ocbabdcs-ps
dcs-psc`bab
c`babdcs-sbs
dcs-sbscbabd
cbabdcs-spcr
cs-spcrctufa
ctufa
(FXF,633?).
Xelt
Xeltcl
cldl
dlyf
yf ocko
ockocl
cldf
dfl
l spcr
spcrct
ctuf
ufaa nfaf
nfafk
k `ese
`esemf
mftf
tfk
k teaf
teafm
m
kelgfnc`etetfpfl TMB yfld kelyftf`fl ofmwf fspe`

fdfkf{spcrctufa}kerupf`fl sfafm sftu ulsurnfrc peldertcfl `esemftfl

seutum
seutum lyf (TM
(TMB,6
B,63=>
3=>).
). bae
baem
m `fr
`frelf
elf ctu nc out
outum`
um`fl
fl nb`
nb`tern
ternfl
fl
terutfk
terutfk perfwft ultu
ultu`
` kekel
kekelumc
umc `eou
`eoutumfl
tumfl spcrc
spcrctufa
tufa pfscel
pfscel.`frel
.`frelff
perfl perfwft yfld `bliremelsci teseout pfscel selfl tcfsf
kelnunu`fl perfl perfwft tudfs kuacf keldfltfr`fl pfscel nc f`mcr
mfyftlyf nfl perfwft gudf nfpft oertclnf` seofdfc
ifscactftbr{k
ifscactftbr{kekifsca
ekifscactfsc}f
ctfsc}fdfr
dfr pfscel tetfp keaf`
keaf`u`fl
u`fl yfld terofc
terofc`
`
septckfa kuld`cl sesufc neldfl `blncsclyf.lfkul perfl spcrctufa clc

sercld `fa
sercld `facc ncf
ncfofc
ofc`fl
`fl bae
baem
m per
perfwf
fwft.p
t.pfnf
fnfmfa
mfa fsp
fspe`
e` srct
srctufa
ufa clc sfl
sfldft
dft
peltcld terutfkf ultu` pfscel terkclfa yfld nc ncfdlbse mfrfpfl
 sekoum lyf sfldft tcpcs nfl kelne`ftc se`frftua kfut{terkclfa}.
Keluru
Kelurutt Nfn
Nfnfld
fld Mfw
Mfwfrc
frc(63
(6344,
44,5:)
5:)‛br
‛brfld
fld yfl
yfld
d kel
keldfa
dfafkc
fkc
pelyf`ct terkclfa aeocm oflyf` kelgcwfc pelyf`ct `egcwffl,`rcscs

spcrctufa,n
spcrctufa,nfl
fl `rcscs `erbm
`erbmflcfl
flcfl semclddf pekoc
pekoclffl
lffl `erbm
`erbmflcfl
flcfl sfft
`acel terkclfa perau kelnfpft `fl permftcfl `musus‛
Xfscel
Xfscel terk
terkclf
clfaa ocf
ocfsfl
sflyf
yf rfsf nep
nepresc
resc yfl
yfld
d oer
oerft,
ft,per
perfsff
fsffl
l kfr
kfrfm
fm
term
termfn
fnfp
fp `e
`etc
tcnf
nf`
` oe
oern
rnfy
fyffl
ffl nf
nfl
l `e
`epu
putu
tuss fs
fsff
ffl.
l.nf
nfafk
afk if
ifse
se f`
f`mc
mcrr
`emcnupfl lyf clc,pfscel terseout seafau oerfnf nc sfkpcld perfwft.

O. _uku
_ukusfl
sfl Kfsfa
Kfsfafm
fm
Oernfsfr`fl aftfr oeaf`fld ncftfs, kf`f rukusfl kfsfafm nfafk

kf`fafm clc yfctu 7

6. Ofdfckflf
Ofdfckflf peldertcfl
peldertcfl pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct `rblcs/terkclf
`rblcs/terkclfaa 2
?. Ofdfckflf
Ofdfckflf etcbabdc
etcbabdc pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct terkclf
terkclfaa 2
:. Ofdfckflf
Ofdfckflf kflciestfsc
kflciestfsc `aclcs
`aclcs pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct terkclfa 2
>. Ofdfckflf
Ofdfckflf percaf`u
percaf`u pfscel termfnfp
termfnfp pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct terkclfa
terkclfa 2
5. Ofdfck
Ofdfckflf
flf fsumfl
fsumfl `eperfwf
`eperfwftfl
tfl yfld
yfld ncperau
ncperau`fl
`fl pfnf
pfnf flf`
flf` yfld
yfld
keldfafkc pelyf`ct terkclfa 2

J. ^ugufl

Oernfsfr`fl rukusfl kfsfafm ncftfs, tugufl nfrc kf`fafm clc yfctu

ultu` keldetfmuc 7
6. Xeldertcfl
Xeldertcfl pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct `rblcs/te
`rblcs/terkclfa
rkclfa
?. Etcbabdc
Etcbabdc pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct `rblcs/
`rblcs/terkcl
terkclfa
fa
:. Kelciestfsc
Kelciestfsc @aclcs
@aclcs pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct `rblcs/terkcl
`rblcs/terkclfa
fa
>. Xercaf`u
Xercaf`u Xfscel ^ermfnfp
^ermfnfp Xelyf`ct
Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa
^erkclfa
5. Fsumfl @eperfwftf
@eperfwftfl
l Sfld Ncperau`fl
Ncperau`fl Xfnf Flf` Sfld
 Keldfafkc Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa

OFO CC

XEKOFMFZFL

F. Xeldertcfl
Xeldertcfl pelyf`ct
pelyf`ct `rblc
`rblcs/terkc
s/terkclfa
lfa

Xe
Xely
lyf`
f`ct
ct terk
terkcl
clfa
fa fnfa
fnfafm
fm su
suft
ftu
u pe
pely
lyf`
f`ct
ct yfd
yfd tcnf
tcnf`
` oc
ocsf
sf
ncsekoum`fl
ncsekoum`fl afdc. @ekftcfl
@ekftcfl fnfafm tfmfp f`mcr `emcnupfl.
`emcnupfl. @ekftcfl
@ekftcfl
ocsf nftfld tcof-tcof tflpf percldftfl ftfu keldc`utc percbne sf`ct
yfld pflgfld.^er`f
pflgfld.^er`fnfld
nfld `ekftcfl kelyerfld
kelyerfld uscf kunf tetfpc seafau
kelulddu yfld tuf.

@blncsc
@blncsc ^erkclfa
^erkclfa fnfafm7
fnfafm7 Zuftu
Zuftu prbses
prbses yfld prbdresci kelugu
`ekftcf
`ekftcfl
l oergfa
oergfafl
fl keafau
keafaucc suftu
suftu tfmfpf
tfmfpfl
l prbses
prbses peluru
pelurulfl
lfl icsc`
icsc` ,
psc`bsbscfa nfl spcrctufa ofdc clncvcnu. (Jfrpelctb ,6335
,6335 )

Xfscel ^erkclfa fnfafm 7 Xfscel ‚pfscel yfld ncrfwft , yfld

sunfm geafs ofmwf kere`f f`fl kelclddfa ftfu `efnffl kere`f kf`cl
afkf kf`cl kekouru`. (X.G.K. Ztevels, n`` ,mfa ?=?, 6333 )

Xeln
elnfkp
fkpcld
cldfl nfaf
nfafk
k pr
prb
bse
sess `e
`ek
kft
ftcf
cfl
l fn
fnfa
fafm
fm Zuft
ftu
u
pelnfkpcldfl nfafk `emcnupfl , `frelf kftc ctu terkfsu` ofdcfl nfrc
`emcnupfl . Kfluscf ncafmcr`fl , mcnup oeoerfpf tfmul , nfl f`mcrlyf
kftc. Kfluscf f`fl kelerckf ofmwf ctu fnfafm `emcnupfl, nfl ctu
kekfld f`fl tergfnc, `ekftcfl fnfafm f`mcr nfrc `emcnupfl ( X.G.K.
Ztevels, n``, ?=?,6333 ).Xelyf`ct yfld tcnf` nfpft ncsekoum`fl nfl
tcnf` fnf boftlyf, `ekftcfl tcnf` nfpft ncmclnfrc nfafk wf`tu yfld
oervfrcfsc. (Ztufrn & Zulneel, 6335).

Xelyf`
Xelyf`ct
ct pfnf
pfnf stfncuk
stfncuk aflgut
aflgut,, pelyf`
pelyf`ct
ct utfkf
utfkf tcnf`
tcnf` nfpft
nfpft
ncbo
ncboft
ftc,
c, oers
oersci
cift
ft pr
prbd
bdre
resc
sci,
i, pe
peld
ldbo
boft
ftfl
fl mf
mfly
lyff oe
oers
rsci
cift
ft pf
pfac
acft
ftci
ci
( keldurfldc degfaf nfl `eaumfl, kekperofc`c `ufactfs mcnup. ( ^ck
kencs
kencs _Z @fl`er
@fl`er Nfrkfc
Nfrkfcs,
s, 6339)
6339) @blncs
@blncscc ^erkcl
^erkclfa
fa fnfafm
fnfafm77 Zuftu
Zuftu
:

prbses yfld prbdresci kelugu `ekftcfl oergfafl keafauc suftu tfmfpfl

prbses pelurulfl icsc`, psc`bsbscfa nfl spcrctufa ofdc clncvcnu.
(Jfrpelctb ,6335 )

Xfscel
Xfscel ^erkcl
^erkclfa
fa fnf
fnfafm
afm 7 Xfscel
Xfscel‚pf
‚pfscel
scel yfld
yfld ncrfwf
ncrfwft,
t, yfld
yfld
sunfm geafs ofmwf kere`f f`fl kelclddfa ftfu `efnffl kere`f kf`cl
afkf kf`cl kekouru`. (X.G.K. Ztevels, n`` ,mfa ?=?, 6333 )

Ocsf nc`ftf`fl Xelyf`ct terkclfa fnfafm aflgutfl nfrc pelyf`ct

`rblc`
`rblc`// pelyf`
pelyf`ct
ct f`ut
f`ut yfld
yfld sciftly
sciftlyff tcnf`
tcnf` ocsf
ocsf ncseko
ncsekoum`
um`fl
fl nfl
keldfrfm pfnf `ekftcfl

Xfscel terkclfa caaless fnfafm pfscel yfld senfld kelnerctf

sf`ct nckflf tcld`ft sf`ctlyf teafm keljfpfc stfncuk aflgut semclddf
peldboftfl kencs sunfm tcnf` kuld`cl nfpft kelyekoum`fl afdc.
Baem `frelf ctu, pfscel terkclfa caales mfrus kelnfpft`fl perfwftfl
pfacftci yfld oerscift kerenf`fl degfaf pelyf`ct, lfkul tcnf` afdc
oeriuldsc ultu` kelyekoum`fl. Gfnc iuldsc perfwftfl pfacftci pfnf
 pfscel terkclfa caales fnfafm keldelnfac`fl lyerc yfld ncrfsf`fl sertf
ser tf
`eaumfl-`eaumfl afcllyf nfl kekclckfacscr kfsfafm ekbsc, sbscfa nfl
spcrct
spcrctufa
ufa.. Xelgea
Xelgeafsfl
fsfl terseou
terseoutt keldcl
keldclnc`
nc`fsc
fsc ofmwf
ofmwf pfscel
pfscel terkcl
terkclfa
fa
caaless fnfafm brfld-brfld sf`ct yfld ncfdlbscs neldfl pelyf`ct oerft
yf
yfld
ld tcnf
tcnf`
` nf
nfpf
pftt ncsek
ncsekou
oum`
m`fl
fl af
afdc
dc nc
nckf
kflf
lf pr
prbd
bdlb
lbsc
scsl
slyf
yf fn
fnfa
fafm
fm
`ekftcfl.

O. Etcbabdc
Etcbabdc Xelyf`ct
Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa
^erkclfa pfnf
pfnf Flf`
Flf`

6. Clie`sc
Clie`sc Zfaurfl Lfifs Ofwfm,
Ofwfm, Xleukblcf
Xleukblcf nfl Orbl`mctcs
Orbl`mctcs

?. Kfaf
Kfafrc
rcff

:. Ncfre

>

>. Jfk
Jfkpf`
pf`

5. ^etf
^etflu
luss

9. Clie`sc
Clie`sc Zeafput
Zeafput Btf`
Btf` (Kelcldct
(Kelcldctcs)
cs)

4. Ncit
Nciter
ercc

=. Xelyf`
Xelyf`ct
ct `fl`
`fl`er
er

3. F`coft
F`coft `ejeaf`
`ejeaf`ffl
ffl iftfa
iftfa

J. Kflciestfsc
Kflciestfsc @aclcs
@aclcs Xfnf
Xfnf Xfscel
Xfscel ^erkclfa
^erkclfa

6. Icsc`

f. Derf`f
Derf`fl
l peldc
peldclnr
lnrffl
ffl keld
keldmca
mcafld
fld sejfrf
sejfrf oerfl
oerfldsu
dsurr ‚ fldsu
fldsurr
 nfrc uguld `f`c nfl uguld gfrc

o. F`tcictfs nfrc DC oer`urfld

j. _ei
eiae
ae`
` kua
kuafc
fc kel
keldm
dmca
cafl
fld
d

n. @uact
uact `eo
`eocr
cru
ufl nfl
nfl puj
pujft
ft

e. Nely
Nelyut
ut lf
lfnc
nc tcnf
tcnf`
` ter
terft
ftur
ur nf
nfl
l aekfm
aekfm

i. Lfif
Lfifss oero
oeroul
ulyc
yc `er
`erfs
fs nfl
nfl jep
jepft
ft ldb
ldbrb
rb`
`

d. Xeld
eldacmf
acmftf
tfl
l kuaf
kuafcc `fo
`four

m. @acel
@acel `f
`fnf
nfld
ld-`
-`fn
fnfl
fld
d `eac
`eacmf
mftf
tfl
l rfsf
rfsf lyerc
lyerc

c. @acel nfpft tcnf` sfnfr`fl ncrc

?. Xs
Xsc`
c`bs
bsbs
bscf
cfaa

Zesufc ifse-ifse `emcafldfl

`emcafldfl kelurut sebrfld
sebrfld fmac E.@uooaer
E.@uooaer
_bss kekpeafgfrc respbl-respbl ftfs kelerckf `ekftcfl nfl kfut
sejfrf kelnfafk nfl mfsca peleactcfllyf yfctu 7

f. _espbl
_espbl `emcaf
`emcafldf
ldfl
l

6) _fsf
_fsf tf`ut nculd`
nculd`fp`
fp`fl
fl neldfl
neldfl e`spresc
e`spresc wfgfm
wfgfm , `ef`ut
`ef`utfl,
fl,
jfrf terteltu ultu` keldftur tfldfl

?) Jekfs
Jekfs nculd`fp
nculd`fp`fl
`fl neldfl
neldfl jfrf keldder
keldderf`f
f`fl
l btbt
btbt rfmfld
rfmfld
nfl `ekuncfl keldelnbr
 :) _fsf
_fsf sencm
sencm ncul
nculd`
d`fp
fp`f
`fl
l ne
neld
ldfl
fl kftf
kftf se
setel
teldf
dfm
m te
tero
rou`
u`ff /
kelfldcs

o. Muouldfl neldfl brfld afcl

@ejekfsfl tckoua f`coft `etf`utfl f`fl

`etcnf`kfkp
`etcnf`kfkpufl
ufl ultu` oermuouldfl
oermuouldfl sejfrf clterperslfa
clterperslfa sertf
f`coft pelbaf`fl.

N. Xercaf`u
Xercaf`u Xfscel
Xfscel ^ermfnf
^ermfnfp
p Xelyf`ct
Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa
^erkclfa

@uoaer- _bss (nfafk ^fyabr, 6333) kerukus`fl ackf tfmfp

`etc`f sesebrfld ncmfnfp`fl pfnf `ekftcfl. @eackf tfmfp terseout
fltfrf afcl7

6. Nelcfa (pelyfld`f
(pelyfld`fafl)
afl)

_espbl
_espbl nckflf
nckflf `acel tcnf` perjfyf ftfu kelbaf` termfnfp fpf
yfld ncmfnfpc ftfu yfld senfld tergfnc. Nfl tcnf` scfp termfnfp
`blncs
`blncscc yfld
yfld ncmfnf
ncmfnfpc
pc nfl nfkpf`
nfkpf`lyf
lyf.. Clc kekuld
kekuld`cl
`cl`fl
`fl ofdc
ofdc
pfscel ultu` kekoelfmc ncrc. Neldfl oergfafllyf
oergf afllyf wf`tu, semclddf
tcnf` reielsci sejfrf rfnc`fa.

Xelyfl
Xelyfld`f
d`fafl
afl kerupf
kerupf`fl
`fl ref`sc
ref`sc pertfk
pertfkff `etc`f
`etc`f sesebrf
sesebrfld
ld
ncncfdlbscs kelnerctf terkclfa caaless. Zeofdcfl oesfr brfld f`fl
kerfsf smbj`, ter`egut nfl kerfsf ofmwf clc kerupf`fl `esfafmfl.
Xelyfl
Xelyfld`
d`fafl
fafl fnfafm
fnfafm fwfa
fwfa pelyes
pelyesufc
ufcfl
fl ncrc
ncrc termfnf
termfnfp
p `emcnu
`emcnupfl
pfl
yfld ncwfrlfc baem pelyf`ct nfl mfa terseout kerupf`fl mfa yfld
lbrkfa nfl oerfrtc.
?. Flder
Flder (Kfrfm)
(Kfrfm)

If
Ifse
se kfrf
kfrfm
m terg
tergfn
fncc pf
pfnf
nf sf
sfft
ft if
ifse
se ne
nelc
lcfa
fa tcnf
tcnf`
` af
afdc
dc oc
ocsf
sf
ncpertf
ncpertfmfl
mfl`fl
`fl.. _fsf
_fsf `ekfrfm
`ekfrfmfl
fl clc sercld
sercld suact
suact ncpfmf
ncpfmfkc
kc baem
baem
`eaufrdf ftfu brfld terne`ft baem `frelf nfpft terpcju baem mfa-mfa
yfld sejfrf lbrkfa tcnf` kelckoua`fl `ekfrfmfl. _fsf kfrfm clc

sercld tergfnc `frelf rfsf tcnf` oernfyf, ocsf tergfnc `fpfl sfgf nfl
`epfnf scfpf sfgf tetfpc ukuklyf terfrfm `epfnf brfld-brfld yfld
sejfrf ekbscblfa pulyf `ene`ftfl muouldfl.

Xfscel yfld kelnerctf terkclfa caaless f`fl kekpertflyf`fl

`efnff
`efnffl
l ncrcly
ncrclyf,
f, keldfp
keldfpff cf yfld
yfld kelner
kelnerctf
ctf pelyf`
pelyf`ct
ct nfl f`fl
f`fl
kelclddfa. Xfscel yfld kfrfm f`fl keafkpcfs`fl `eoeljcfllyf
pfnf brfld-brfld yfld semft sepertc tekfl, flddbtf `eaufrdf,
kfupul stfi rukfm sf`ct. Xfscel yfld tcnf` nfpft kelde`spresc`fl
`ekfrfm
`ekfrfmfll
fllyf
yf kcsfal
kcsfalyf
yf keafau
keafaucc tercf`
tercf`fl
fl f`fl
f`fl kelyck
kelyckpfl
pfl sf`ct
sf`ct
mftc.
mftc. Xfscel
Xfscel yfld
yfld sf`ct
sf`ct mftc
mftc kelulg
kelulgu``
u``fl
fl `eoelj
`eoeljcfl
cfllyf
lyf keafau
keafaucc
jflnf
jflnffl
fl telt
teltfl
fld
d `e
`ekf
kftcf
tcfl,
l, kelt
keltert
ertfw
fwf`
f`fl
fl pe
pelf
lfkp
kpca
cafl
fl ftfu
ftfu
`efnff
`efnfflly
llyf,
f, ftfu
ftfu oerusfm
oerusfmff keaf`u
keaf`u`fl
`fl mfa yfld
yfld kelyel
kelyelfld
fld`fl
`fl
yfld oeauk sekpft ncaf`u`fllyf seoeauk cf kelclddfa.

@ekfrfm
@ekfrfmfl
fl kerupf
kerupf`fl
`fl sfafm
sfafm sftu respbl
respbl yfld
yfld pfacld
pfacld suact
suact
ncmfnf
ncmfnfpc
pc `eaufr
`eaufrdf
df nfl tekfll
tekfllyf.
yf. @eaufr
@eaufrdf
df nfpft
nfpft oe`ergf
oe`ergf sfkf
sfkf
neldfl
neldfl terfpc
terfpcss ultu`
ultu` kelder
keldertc
tc ofmwf
ofmwf pfscel
pfscel seoelf
seoelfrly
rlyff tcnf`
tcnf`
kfrfm `epfnf kere`f tfpc pfnf lfscolyf.

:. Ofrdfc
Ofrdfclcl
lcld
d (kelfw
(kelfwfr)
fr)

@acel keljbof ultu` keaf`u`fl tfwfr kelfwfr neldfl tumfl

 fdfr termclnfr
termclnfr nfrc `emcafldfl
`emcafldfl yfld f`fl tergfnc, clc ocsf ncaf`u`fl
ncaf`u`fl
nfafk ncfk ftfu nclyftf`fl sejfrf terou`f. Zejfrf psc`babdcs tfwfr
kelfwfr ncaf`u`fl ultu` kekperofc`c `esfafmfl ftfu nbsf kfsf
afa
afau.
u. Xfnf
Xfnf tfmfp
tfmfp clc pfscel
pfscel sunfm
sunfm kelcld
kelclddfa
dfa`fl
`fl `ekfrfm
`ekfrfmfll
fllyf
yf
nfafk oerofdfc strftedc sepertc kelerfp`fl
kelerfp`fl tcld`fm
tcld`fm af`u ofc` nekc
`esemftfl, ftfu keaf`u`fl fkfa, ftfu tcld`fm af`u afcl yfld tcnf`
ocfsf ncaf`u`fllyf kerupf`fl tflnf ofmwf pfscel senfld
keaf`u`fl tfwfr-kelfwfr termfnfp pelyf`ctlyf.

>. Nepr
Nepres
escc
^fmfp
^fmfp `eekpf
`eekpftt nfafk
nfafk kbnea
kbnea @uoaer-
@uoaer-_bs
_bsss ncacmf
ncacmftt seofdf
seofdfcc
tfmfp nc kflf pfscel `emcafldfl `bltrbalyf. Xfscel f`fl kerfsf
gelum, sesf` lfifs nfl aeafm. Kere`f f`fl kerfsf `esuactfl ultu`
kf`fl,
kf`fl, permft
permftcfl
cfl,, nfl suact
suact ultu`
ultu` kelycl
kelycld`c
d`cr`f
r`fl
l rfsf sf`ct
sf`ct ftfu
ftfu
`etcnf`lyfkflfl. _fsf `esencmfl yfld kelnfafk seofdfc f`coft
`emcaf
`emcafldf
ldfl
l (pfst
(pfst abss
abss & ckpeln
ckpelncld
cld abss),
abss), e`spresc
e`spresc `esenc
`esencmfl
mfl clc
verofa ftfu lblverofa
lblverofa kerupf`fl
kerupf`fl perscfpfl
perscfpfl termfnfp
termfnfp `emcafldfl
`emcafldfl

ftfu perpcsfmfl fofnc neldfl fpfpul nfl scfpfpul.

^fmfp nepresc clc nc`ftf`fl seofdfc kfsf ”fltcjcpftbry drcei–,

nc kflf
kflf pf
pfsce
scel
l f`
f`fl
fl kelf
kelfld
ldcsc
csc `e
`ekf
kftc
tcfl
flly
lyff selnc
selncrc
rc.. Xrbs
Xrbses
es
`esencmfl clc tergfnc nfafk nuf tfmfp, yfctu `etc`f pfscel oerfnf
nfafk kfsf `emcafldfl f`tcvctfs yfld nclcafclyf oermfrdf, tekfl
nf
nfl
l `e
`eku
kunc
ncfl
fl kuaf
kuafcc keld
keldfl
fltc
tcsc
scpf
pfsc
sc mc
mcaf
afld
ldly
lyff f`
f`tc
tcvc
vctf
tfss nf
nfl
l
muouldfl nc kfsf nepfl.

5. Xelerck
Xelerckffl
ffl (fjjept
(fjjeptflj
flje)
e)

=
 Xfnf tfmfp clc pfscel sunfm terafau aekfm ultu` kerfsf kfrfm
nfl
nfl kekc
kekc`c
`cr`
r`fl
fl `ekf
`ekftc
tcfl
fl.. Oeoe
Oeoerf
rfpf
pf pf
pfsc
scel
el keld
kelddu
dulf
lf`f
`fl
l

wf`tulyf
wf`tulyf ultu` kekouft percsfpfl,
percsfpfl, kekutus`fl
kekutus`fl `epulyffll
`epulyffllyf,
yf,
nfl keldujfp`fl seafkft tclddfa pfnf tekfl afkf nfl flddbtf
`eaufrdf.

Xfnff tfmfp
Xfn tfmfp pelerck
pelerckffl
ffl clc,
clc, `acel
`acel kekfmf
kekfmfkc
kc nfl kelerc
kelerckf
kf
`efnffllyf yfld oersfld`utfl kuafc `emcafldfl clterest neldfl
acld`uldfllyf, nfpft keleku`fl `enfkfcfl neldfl `blncsclyf,
nf
nfl
l oe
oerc
rcstc
stcrf
rfmf
mftt ul
ultu
tu`
` kely
kelycf
cfp`
p`fl
fl nf
nfl
l keku
kekuafc
afc pe
pergf
rgfaf
aflf
lfl
l
pflgfld.

E. Fsumfl
Fsumfl @eperfwftfl
@eperfwftfl Sfld
Sfld Ncperau`
Ncperau`fl
fl Xfnf Flf`
Flf` Sfld
Sfld Keldfafkc
Keldfafkc
Xelyf`ct ^erkclfa

Fsumfl `eperfwftfl yfld ncperau`fl nfl ncdulf`fl pfnf flf`

yfld keldfafkc pelyf`ct terkclfa fnfafm ‛XFAACF^CYE JF_E‛
tugufl perfwftfl pfacftci clc fnfafm dulf ultu` kelcld`ft`fl `ufactfs
mcnup flf` neldfl `ekftcfl kclckfa kelne`ftc lbrkfa, ncupflyf`fl
neldfl perfwftfl yfld ofc` mclddf pfnf f`mcrlyf kelugu pfnf

`ekftcfl
6. Xfaacf
Xfaacftcie
tcie Jfre
Jfre

f. Kelfkofm
Kelfkofm `ufactfs
`ufactfs mcnup (flf`)
(flf`) pfnf `blncsc
`blncsc terkclfa.
terkclfa.

o. Xerfwftfl pfacftci oerib`us pfnf degfaf rfsf sf`ct (lyerc,

ny
nyps
psle
lef)
f) nf
nfl
l `b
`bln
lncs
csc(`
c(`ese
eseln
lncr
crcf
cfl)
l) nc
nckf
kflf
lf pf
pfnf
nf `f
`fsu
suss cl
clcc
keldurfldc `epufsfl ftfu `eselfldfl mcnup flf`.

j. Keldbltrba rfsf lyerc nfl degfaf yfld afcl,kfsfafm

psc`babdc,sbjcfa ftfu spcrctufalyf nfrc flf` nfafk `blncsc
terkclfa.

3
?. Xrclscp
Xrclscp Nfrc Xerfwftfl
Xerfwftfl Xfaacftc
Xfaacftcve
ve Jfre

f. Keld
Keldmb
mbrk
rkftc
ftc ftfu keldm
keldmfr
frdf
dfcc kfrt
kfrtfo
foft
ft nf
nfl
l mf
mfrd
rdff nc
ncrc
rc nf
nfrc
rc
pfscelt nfl `eaufrdf pfscel.

o. Nu`uldfl ultu`
ultu` jfredcver

j. Xfaacfte
fteve jfr
free kerupf`fl fj
fjjjse
sess yfld jb
jbk
kpetelt nfl
jbkpfsscblet

n. Kel
Keldek
dekofl
ofld`
d`fl
fl prb
rbie
iessscb
scblfa
lfa nfl sb
sbjc
jcfa
fa su
sup
ppb
pbrt
rt ult
ltu
u`
pencftrcj pfaacftcve jfre

e. Keaf
Keaflg
lgut
ut`f
`fl
l se
sertf
rtf keld
keldek
ekof
ofld
ld`f
`fl
l pe
penc
ncft
ftrc`
rc` pf
pfaa
aacft
cftcv
cvee jf
jfre
re
keafauc peleactcfl nfl pelncnc`fl

:. Xfaacftcve
Xfaacftcve Jfre Xafle (_eljflf
(_eljflf Fsumfl Xerfwftfl
Xerfwftfl Xfaacftcve)
Xfaacftcve)

f. Keacoft`fl
Keacoft`fl sebrfld
sebrfld pfrtlers
pfrtlersmcp
mcp fltfrf
fltfrf flf`, `eaufrdf,
`eaufrdf, brfld
tuf, pedfwfc, duru, stfii se`bafm nfl petudfs `eseftfl yfld

prbiesscblfa

o. Zupbrt pmcsc`, ekbsclfa, pyjbsbscfa,

pyjbsbscfa, nfl spcrctufa `mususlyf

j. Keac
Keacof
oft`
t`fl
fl flf
flf`
` pfn
pfnff seai
seai jfre
jfre

n. Flf` kekerau`fl
kekerau`fl ftfu
ftfu kekout
kekoutum`f
um`fl
l dfkofrfl
dfkofrfl nfl `blnc
`blncsc
sc
(`blncsc pelyf`ct terkclfalyf) sejfrf oertfmfp, tepft nfl sesufc

e. Kelyencf`fl ncfdlbstcj ftfu `eoutumfl cltervelsc terfpeutc`

dulf kekpermftc`fl/kekc`cr`fl `blte`s tugufl nfl
peldfmfrfpfl nfrc flf` nfl `eaufrdf.

68
FZUMFL @EXE_FTF^FL XFNF FLF@ NELDFL XELSF@C^
^E_KCLFA

F. XELD
XELD@F
@FGC
GCFL
FL

6. Ocbnft
Ocbnftff Xfscel
Xfscel

Lfkf 7

Ukur 7

Gelcs @eafkcl 7

^flddfa kfsu` _Z 7

Lb._K 7

Ncfdlbsf kencs 7

Lfkf brfld tuf 7

Ukur brfld tuf 7

Xe`ergffl 7

Fdfkf 7

Fafkft 7

?. @eaumf
@eaumfl
l Utfkf
Utfkf

Ocfsflyf `acel neldfl pelyf`ct terkclfa neldfl `eaumfl tcnf` elf`

ofnfl,oerupf7

f. Derf`fl
Derf`fl peldcln
peldclnrffl
rffl keldm
keldmcafld
cafld sejfrf oerflds
oerfldsur
ur ‚ fldsur
fldsur nfrc
uguld `f`c nfl uguld gfrc

o. _eiae` kuafc keldmcafld

 66

j. @uac
@uactt `
`eo
eocru
crufl
fl nf
nfl
l puj
pujft
ft

n. Nelyut
Nelyut lfnc
lfnc tcnf`
tcnf` terftu
terfturr nfl
nfl aekfm
aekfm

e. Lfifs
Lfifs oero
oerouly
ulycc `erfs
`erfs nfl
nfl jepf
jepftt ldbrb
ldbrb`
`

i. Xe
Xeld
ldac
acmf
mftf
tfl
l kuaf
kuafcc `fou
`fourr

d. @acel
@acel `fnfld
`fnfld-`f
-`fnfl
nfld
d `eacmf
`eacmftfl
tfl rfsf
rfsf lyerc
lyerc

m. @acel
@acel nfpft
nfpft tcnf
tcnf`
` sfnf
sfnfr`f
r`fl
l ncrc
ncrc

:. _cwfyf
_cwfyftt @esemf
@esemftfl
tfl

f. _c
_cwf
wfyf
yftt `esem
`esemft
ftfl
fl se`
se`frf
frfld
ld

@fgc keldelfc `eaumfl yfld ncrfsf`fl baem pfscel,kcsfalyf

peldacmftfl kuafc `four.

o. _cwfyft `esemftfl nfmuau

@fgc pelyf`ct yfld perlfm nc fafkc baem pfscel,ofc` yfld fnf

muouldfl lyf neldfl pelyf`ct yfld nc fafkc sfft clc.

j. _c
_cwf
wfyf
yftt `esem
`esemft
ftfl
fl `ea
`eauf
ufrd
rdff

@fgc fpf`fm fnf flddbtf `eaufrdf yfld kelnerctf pelyf`ct

yfld sfkf neldfl `acel.

>. @eocfs
@eocfsffl
ffl Zemfrc-m
Zemfrc-mfrc
frc
 @fgc teltfld `eocfsffl yfld ncaf`u`fl baem pfscel ftfu brfld
tuf pfscel seoeauk sf`ct nfl sfft sf`ct.ocfsflyf keljf`up7

f. Lutrcsc

o. Eackclfsc
6?

j. Xbaf
Xbaf cst
cstcr
crfm
fmft
ft nf
nfl
l tcnu
tcnurr

n. Xbaf
baf `eo
`eoer
ersc
scmf
mfl
l

O. XEKE
XEKE_C
_C@Z
@ZFF
FFL
L ICZC
ICZC@
@

6. @efn
@efnff
ffl
l ukuk
ukuk

Ofdfckflf `efnffl `acel,fpf`fm aetcm,aekfm,ftfu sf`ct oerft

?. ^fln
^flnff vctf
vctfaa

f. Zumu7
Zumu7 tcnf`
tcnf` lbrk
lbrkfa<:
fa<:4
4

o. Lfnc7 tcnf` lbrkfa{aekfm&afkoft}<48x/c

j. Xerlfifsfl7
Xerlfifsfl7 tcnf` lbrkfa<69x
lbrkfa<69x/c
/c

n. ^e`flfl
^e`flfl nfrfm7tcnf`
nfrfm7tcnf` lbrkfa{kel
lbrkfa{kelurul}
urul}

:. @epf
@epfaf
af

@uact `epfaf,rfkout,sertf oeltu` `epfaf,fpf`fm fnf `eafclfl,ftfu

aesc pfnf `epfaf.

>. Tfgfm
 Oeltu` wfgfm scketrcs

5. Kftf

f. @blg
@blgul
uldt
dtcv
cvf7
f7fl
flek
ekcs
cs

o. Zjaerf7c`terc`

j. Xupca
upca7r
7rei
eiae
ae`{
`{-}
-}

6:

9. ^eac
^eacld
ldff

Xelnel
Xelneldfr
dfrfl{
fl{-}p
-}peln
elneld
eldfrf
frfl
l terf`m
terf`mcry
cryfld
fld mcafld
mcafld pfnf
pfnf pfscel
pfscel
terkclfa

4. Mcnu
Mcnuld
ld

Oeltu`
Oeltu` mcnuld
mcnuld scketrcs,
scketrcs, `efnffl
`efnffl oerscm/tcnf
oerscm/tcnf`,fnf
`,fnf tcnf` sejret pfnf

mcnud,sertf jfcrfl yfld `eaufr,fnf sclus/tcnf`,nfl ternfpft lddufl

nfafk peljcukfl.

=. ^mbr
^mbrf`
f`ss

Oeltu` nfnf scketrcs/tcnf`,nfl keldfafkc lddufl pfnf perlfifsfl.

3. Fonb
Fonbke
kel
l

Ofdfckflf oeltu` fonbkel,turdbr `uact `ercld.

68. Cltedu
Cltedukel
kel

Tfrlf `uact pujft,turdbr `uact `ercld,ternfpft lyerc te`fl pfnf

`uact,,`uact terfof ncldcl.
 66. E`strek
E`strekctfs
ctfs

^ernfpft `eaekfmfl icsc`,`eaekfmfl btbt,nfl `emcafldfl

selsfsc nfl derf`fl pfnf e`strekctfs.

J. NCFDLB
NCFDLBZF
ZF @EXE_F
@EXE_FTF^
TF^FL
FL

6. Xeruofmfl pertukoumfl
pertukoumfl nfl per`ekofldfl
per`ekofldfl oermuouldfl
oermuouldfl neldfl
pelyf`ct terkclfa nfl fljfkfl `ekftcfl

6>

?. Xeruofmfl lutrcsc `urfld nfrc `eoutumfl oermuouldfl neldfl

`emcafldfl lfisu kf`fl, tcnf` tertfrc` pfnf kf`flfl.

:. ^f`ut/ jekfs oermuouldfl neldfl ncfdlbsf,

ncfdlbsf, terfpc, nfl prbdlbscs
prbdlbscs

>. Oernu`f fltcscpfsc oermuouldfl neldf fljfkfl `ekftcfl flf`

N. CL^E
CL^E_Y
_YEL
ELZC
ZC

Ncfdlbsf `eperfwftfl Cltervelsc _fscblfa

6. Xeruofmfl pertukoumfl
pertukoumfl nfl per`ekofldfl
per`ekofldfl oermuouldfl
oermuouldfl neldfl
pelyf`ct terkclfa nfl fljfkfl `ekftcfl

f. @eteroftfsfl F
F`
`tcictfs

o. Keldurfldc `etcnf` kfkpufl.

j. Kekpertfmfl `f
`fl iuldsc sb
sbjcfa
 n. Kekpertfm
fmffl`fl sc
sc`fp tuoum yfl
fld
d ofc
fc`
`

e. Kekp
Kekper
ertf
tfm
mfl
fl`
`fl `eo
`eoeo
eofs
fsfl
fl der
erf`
f` se
sel
lnc n
nfl
fl `e`
e`u
uft
ftfl
fl

i. Cstcrfmft nfl f`tcictfs yf

yfld jerkft

d. Kekpertff
ffl
l`fl nf
nfyf ttffmfl ic
icsc` nfl
nfl FNA 6.
6.

m. Fdfr
Fdfr `ace
`acel
l nfp
fpft
ft kekp
ekper
ertf
tfm
mfl `fl `ekfk
ekfkp
pufl

c. Fdfr
Fdfr `ace
`acel
l tet
tetfp
fp ocsf
ocsf kekp
ekper
ertf
tfm
mfl `f
`fl
l iul
iuld
dsc sb
sbjc
jcfa
fa

g. Fdfr `acel tetep ocsf kekpertfmfl`fl sc`fp tuoum yfl

yfld
d
ofc`

?. Xeru
Xeruof
ofmf
mfl
l lu
lutr
trcsc
csc `u
`urf
rfld
ld nf
nfrc
rc `e
`eou
outu
tumf
mfl
l oe
oerm
rmuo
uoul
uldf
dfl
l ne
neld
ldfl
fl
`emcafldfl lfisu kf`fl tfu tcnf` tertfrc` pfnf kf`flfl.

65

:. ^f`u
^f`utt ftfu
ftfu je
jekf
kfss oe
oerm
rmuo
uoul
uldf
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 69

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