Title: Exploring Application Tampering Techniques Using Debuggers

Abstract:

This paper investigates the techniques and implications of tampering with applications using
debuggers. Debuggers, commonly employed in software development for debugging and analyzing
code, can also be leveraged by malicious actors to manipulate the behavior of applications for
nefarious purposes. The study delves into various aspects of application tampering, including
altering variables, injecting malicious code, bypassing security measures, and exploiting
vulnerabilities. Through practical demonstrations and case studies, we showcase how debuggers
such as GDB (GNU Debugger) can be utilized to modify program execution flow, intercept and
modify data, and circumvent security controls. Furthermore, the paper discusses the defensive
strategies and countermeasures that can be employed to detect and prevent unauthorized
tampering, emphasizing the importance of secure coding practices and runtime integrity verification
mechanisms. By shedding light on the capabilities and risks associated with debugger-based
application tampering, this research aims to raise awareness among developers, security
professionals, and software users regarding the need for robust protection mechanisms to safeguard
against potential threats.

Introduction:
In the realm of software development, debuggers serve as indispensable tools for diagnosing and
resolving issues within applications. With their ability to inspect memory, control program execution,
and analyze code flow, debuggers empower developers to ensure the robustness and reliability of
their software. However, while debuggers are primarily intended for legitimate debugging purposes,
they also harbor a latent potential for exploitation when wielded by malicious actors.

This paper delves into the intriguing domain of tampering with applications using debuggers. It
explores the dual nature of debuggers as both a boon and a bane, shedding light on the techniques
employed to manipulate the behavior and functionality of applications for unauthorized ends. By
gaining insights into the inner workings of debuggers and their interactions with running
applications, we uncover the vulnerabilities and risks inherent in software systems.

The motivation behind this investigation stems from the growing prevalence of cyber threats
targeting software integrity. Malicious entities, ranging from cybercriminals to state-sponsored
actors, exploit vulnerabilities in applications to achieve various objectives, including data theft,
system compromise, and financial gain. Understanding how debuggers can be leveraged to tamper
with applications is crucial for devising effective defense mechanisms and mitigating the potential
impact of such attacks.

Through a comprehensive exploration of real-world scenarios and experimental demonstrations, we

aim to elucidate the modus operandi of application tampering using debuggers. From manipulating
variables and altering program logic to bypassing security controls and injecting malicious code, we
uncover the diverse arsenal of techniques available to adversaries. Additionally, we highlight the
ramifications of application tampering, including the erosion of trust in software integrity and the
cascading effects on system security.
Furthermore, this paper underscores the importance of proactive measures to safeguard against
debugger-based attacks. By advocating for secure coding practices, runtime integrity verification
mechanisms, and robust access controls, we endeavor to fortify the resilience of software systems
against tampering attempts. Moreover, we advocate for greater awareness among developers,
security practitioners, and end-users regarding the risks posed by debuggers and the imperative for
continuous vigilance in safeguarding software assets.

In essence, this exploration serves as a clarion call to the cybersecurity community to recognize the
evolving threat landscape and equip themselves with the knowledge and tools necessary to defend
against emerging challenges. By fostering a deeper understanding of application tampering using
debuggers, we empower stakeholders to fortify the foundations of software security and preserve
the integrity of digital ecosystems.

Background:
In the landscape of software development and cybersecurity, debuggers play a pivotal role in
facilitating the identification and resolution of issues within applications. Debuggers are software
tools that enable developers to analyze and manipulate the execution of programs, allowing for the
detection of bugs, optimization of code, and enhancement of overall software quality. Commonly
used debuggers, such as GDB (GNU Debugger) for C/C++ programs or WinDbg for Windows
applications, provide developers with a suite of functionalities for inspecting memory, setting
breakpoints, stepping through code, and examining variables.

While debuggers are indispensable assets for developers, offering invaluable insights into the inner
workings of software systems, they also harbor a dual nature that can be exploited by malicious
actors. Debuggers possess the capability to exert granular control over the execution flow of
applications, enabling users to modify program behavior in real-time. This inherent power, when
wielded with malicious intent, can give rise to a plethora of security concerns and vulnerabilities
within software systems.

The concept of tampering with applications using debuggers encompasses a spectrum of techniques
and methodologies aimed at altering the intended behavior of software for unauthorized purposes.
From injecting malicious code to bypassing authentication mechanisms and manipulating sensitive
data, adversaries leverage debuggers to subvert the integrity and security of applications. Moreover,
debuggers provide a fertile ground for reverse engineering activities, allowing attackers to dissect
and analyze software binaries to uncover vulnerabilities or extract proprietary information.

The proliferation of debugger-based attacks underscores the critical need for vigilance and proactive
security measures within the software development lifecycle. As software systems become
increasingly interconnected and reliant on third-party libraries and frameworks, the attack surface
for debugger-based exploits expands, necessitating robust defenses to mitigate potential risks.
Furthermore, the advent of sophisticated malware and advanced persistent threats (APTs)
underscores the urgency of addressing vulnerabilities at the code level and implementing stringent
access controls to safeguard against tampering attempts.

Against this backdrop, understanding the intricacies of application tampering using debuggers is
paramount for safeguarding the integrity and security of software assets. By elucidating the
mechanisms and ramifications of debugger-based attacks, organizations can bolster their resilience
against emerging threats and fortify their defenses through proactive security measures, secure
coding practices, and continuous monitoring of software environments. Ultimately, fostering a
culture of security consciousness and collaboration across the software development community is
essential for mitigating the evolving risks posed by debugger-based exploits and ensuring the
trustworthiness of digital ecosystems.

Material :
1. Cheat engine :

How to Install Cheat Engine :

 You can download Cheat Engine for Windows or macOS

from https://cheatengine.org/downloads.php.
 You can use Cheat Engine to change the number of items in your inventory by modifying
their aspect numbers.

 Not all games work with Cheat Engine, but you'll have the best luck with single-player Steam
games.

Click Download Cheat Engine. It's a large link in the middle of the page.
 This button will also have the current version of Cheat Engine listed on it
(e.g., Download Cheat Engine 7.5).
 If you're attempting to use Cheat Engine on a Mac, click the Download Cheat
Engine 7.4 For Mac link instead.
Install Cheat Engine.
Doing so will vary depending on your computer's operating system:
 Windows — Double-click the Cheat Engine setup file, click Yes when prompted,
click Next, check the "I agree" box and click Next, click Next three more times,
uncheck the "I agree to install McAfee WebAdvisor" box and click Next, and
click Install. Once setup completes, click Next if prompted, then click Finish.
 Mac — Double-click the Cheat Engine DMG file, verify the installation if
prompted, click and drag the Cheat Engine logo onto the "Applications" folder,
and follow any on-screen instructions.
Open Cheat Engine. Once you've finished installing Cheat Engine, open Start

(Windows) or Launchpad (Mac), then click the Cheat Engine option.

 You may have to click Yes or Open before Cheat Engine will open.
Cheat engine initial setup

2. Offline Game ( plant vs zombies ) :

Start a game. Open the game that you want to use with Cheat Engine.

 Remember, this cannot be an online multiplayer or server-based game.

Methodology :
Open cheat engine application .
Click the "Processes" icon. In the Cheat Engine window, click the computer-shaped icon in the top-
left corner. This will open a pop-up window with your computer's current programs in it.
Select your game's process. Scroll through the list of processes until you find your game, then click
the game's name. If you're attempting to use Cheat Engine for a browser game, you'll select your
browser's name instead.[3]
 If your game doesn't appear in the "Processes" list, you cannot edit it in Cheat
Engine.
 You may first have to click the Processes tab at the top of the window.
 Click OK. It's at the bottom of the window. This will open the game in Cheat Engine.

Finding and Changing In-Game Values

Determine a game aspect to change. In order for you to be able to change a game aspect, the
aspect must have a number attached to it (e.g., amount of bullets or items).

 The number must be on-screen. For example, if you want to change the number of a certain
item in your inventory, you would first have to open your inventory to the page on which the
item's number is available.
Minimize the game window and click over to Cheat Engine. You'll need to pull up the Cheat Engine
window while the game is minimized.
 Don't pause the game when you do this.
 Now open the cheat engine , and enter the value of item in your inventory .
Select a scan type. There are five scan types you can do when you start a new scan. The two main
ones you'll be using are "Exact Value" and "Unknown initial value". Use the drop-down menu next to
"Scan Type" to select the type of scan you want to do. The scan types are as follows:

 Exact value: Use this scan type if you know the exact number you want to change. For
example, if you know the exact number of lives, or ammo you have, you can select this
option.
 Unknown initial value: In video games, sometimes a value isn't represented with a number.
For example, your health may be represented by a health meter instead of a number. In
which case, you don't have an exact number for how much health you have. There is a
number that represents your health, you just don't see it on-screen. In this case, you can
select Unknown initial value.
 Bigger than...:' Select this option if you don't know the exact number you're look for, but
you know the smallest possible value.
 Smaller than...: Select this option if you don't know the exact value, but you know the
largest possible value.
 Value between...: This option allows you to enter a range of values to look for.

Select a data type: The data type represents how a value is stored in the memory. It can be hard to
know what data type to select, so this can take a little guesswork. Use the drop-down menu next to
"Data type" to select a data type. If you can't find the value you are looking for using one data type,
click New Scan and try again using a different data type. Some of the more common data types you
will be using are as follows:
 Bytes: 2 Bytes and 4 Bytes are the data types you'll be using most often. Most Windows
applications use 4 Bytes, so start with that. You can also find these values using 2 Bytes. 1
Bytes and 8 Bytes can work as well, but you may run into problems.
 Float: Floating point data types are values that have a decimal point in the value (though you
may not see the decimal point on-screen in the game). Some times games store values as
floating points to prevent simple memory scans. If you're not able to find the value you are
looking for by scanning bytes, try scanning for floating points.
 Double: Doubles are similar to floating points, but they can contain twice the amount of
digits. If you are unable to find a value by scanning for bytes or floats, try scanning for it as a
double.
All: This option scans all values of all data types. This is a good option if you don't know what you
are searching for, but it will also return more search results that you will need to narrow down

Enter the value you want to change and click First Scan. For example, if you have 50 bullets left
in your ammo, you would type 5 0 into the "Value" text box. This will scan for all values that
have the number "50" in them. This will likely produce a long list of values in the list of
addresses, you'll need to narrow it down a bit.
Return to your game and change the value. How you do this will depend on the game itself; for
example, if you're trying to give yourself more bullets , you might purposefully increase your bullets
to higher the number. If you want more ammo, you might fire a couple of shots to higher your
ammo count.

Return to Cheat Engine and scan for the updated number value. Minimize the game again and click
back over to Cheat Engine. Type the new number into the "Value" section, then click Next Scan. This
will scan all the values in your first scan and narrow down the addresses to the ones that changed to
the value you entered in the "Value" bar.
 Unknown initial value: If you selected "Unknown initial value" for your first scan, select an
Increased value or Decreased value under "Scan type" depending on if the value (or meter)
increased or decreased. This will scan for all values that increased or decreased instead of
scanning for an exact number.
 Now we have to change the value to 10000
Change the number to a value you want. Use the following steps to change the value number:
 Double-click the number below "Value" in the list at the bottom of Cheat Engine.
 Enter a new number in the "Value" field.
 Click Ok.

Check to see if the value updated in your game. When you re-open the game, the value you edited
should reflect the number you just entered. The next part teaches you how to stop a value from
changing by replacing it with non-operational code.
 You may need to change the value one more time before it will update.
Result :
Here, u can see the value of bullets increased 50 to 10000 . By using cheat engine .

Discussion:

The exploration of tampering with applications using debuggers raises several critical considerations
within the realms of software development and cybersecurity. Let's delve deeper into some key
points:

1. Dual Nature of Debuggers : Debuggers, while essential for debugging and enhancing software
quality, possess inherent capabilities that can be exploited for malicious purposes. This duality
underscores the importance of recognizing debuggers not only as tools for developers but also as
potential vectors for attacks by adversaries.

2. Techniques and Methodologies : The spectrum of techniques employed in application

tampering using debuggers is vast and diverse. From simple variable manipulation to complex code
injection and reverse engineering, attackers leverage debuggers to subvert the intended behavior of
applications for unauthorized ends. Understanding these techniques is crucial for devising effective
defense strategies.

3. Security Concerns and Vulnerabilities : The proliferation of debugger-based attacks highlights

the security concerns and vulnerabilities inherent in software systems. Adversaries exploit loopholes
in application logic, memory management, and authentication mechanisms to bypass security
controls and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or system resources.
4. Need for Vigilance and Proactive Measures : Given the evolving threat landscape, organizations
must adopt a proactive approach to mitigate the risks posed by debugger-based exploits. This entails
implementing robust access controls, conducting regular security audits, and integrating runtime
integrity verification mechanisms to detect and prevent unauthorized tampering attempts.

5. Collaborative Efforts and Awareness : Fostering a culture of security consciousness and

collaboration across the software development community is paramount. By sharing knowledge,
best practices, and insights into emerging threats, organizations can collectively strengthen their
defenses and safeguard the integrity of digital ecosystems.

In conclusion, the discussion surrounding tampering with applications using debuggers underscores
the complex interplay between software development and cybersecurity. By acknowledging the dual
nature of debuggers, understanding the techniques employed by adversaries, and embracing
proactive security measures, organizations can mitigate the risks posed by debugger-based exploits
and uphold the integrity and trustworthiness of software systems.

Conclusions:

The exploration of tampering with applications using debuggers illuminates the intricate dynamics
between software development and cybersecurity.

1. Awareness of Dual Nature : Debuggers, while indispensable for software development, possess
inherent capabilities that can be leveraged for malicious purposes. Recognizing the dual nature of
debuggers is essential for understanding the potential security risks they pose.

2. Diverse Range of Techniques : Application tampering using debuggers encompasses a wide

array of techniques, ranging from simple variable manipulation to sophisticated code injection and
reverse engineering. Adversaries leverage these techniques to subvert the intended behavior of
applications for unauthorized ends.

3. Security Implications : The proliferation of debugger-based attacks underscores the security

concerns and vulnerabilities inherent in software systems. From bypassing authentication
mechanisms to extracting sensitive data, attackers exploit weaknesses in application logic and
security controls to achieve their objectives.

4. Importance of Proactive Measures : Mitigating the risks posed by debugger-based exploits

requires a proactive approach. Organizations must implement robust access controls, conduct
regular security audits, and integrate runtime integrity verification mechanisms to detect and
prevent unauthorized tampering attempts.

5. Collaborative Defense : Fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing across the software

development community is paramount. By collectively strengthening defenses, sharing insights into
emerging threats, and promoting security-conscious practices, organizations can bolster the
resilience of software systems against debugger-based attacks.
In essence, the exploration of tampering with applications using debuggers underscores the need for
vigilance, proactive measures, and collaborative efforts to safeguard the integrity and security of
software assets. By embracing these principles and adopting a multifaceted approach to security,
organizations can mitigate the risks posed by debugger-based exploits and uphold the
trustworthiness of digital ecosystems.

Future Work:
The exploration of tampering with applications using debuggers opens avenues for further research
and development in several key areas:

1. Advanced Detection Mechanisms : Developing more sophisticated techniques for detecting and
mitigating debugger-based exploits is essential. Future research could focus on enhancing runtime
integrity verification mechanisms, anomaly detection algorithms, and behavior-based analytics to
proactively identify and respond to tampering attempts in real-time.

2. Automated Vulnerability Analysis : Leveraging automated tools and techniques for vulnerability
analysis can streamline the process of identifying potential security weaknesses within applications.
Future work could explore the integration of static and dynamic analysis techniques to identify and
prioritize vulnerabilities that are susceptible to debugger-based attacks.

3. Dynamic Security Controls : Implementing dynamic security controls that adapt to changing
threat landscapes is crucial for mitigating the risks posed by debugger-based exploits. Future
research could focus on developing self-defending applications that employ runtime
instrumentation, adaptive access controls, and runtime policy enforcement mechanisms to thwart
tampering attempts.

4. Behavioral Profiling and Anomaly Detection : Enhancing the ability to profile and analyze
application behavior can facilitate the early detection of anomalous activities indicative of debugger-
based tampering. Future work could explore the use of machine learning algorithms, statistical
analysis techniques, and behavioral profiling frameworks to identify deviations from normal
behavior and trigger appropriate response actions.

5. Education and Awareness : Promoting education and awareness initiatives within the software
development community is essential for fostering a culture of security consciousness. Future efforts
could focus on developing training programs, workshops, and resources that raise awareness about
the risks posed by debugger-based exploits and empower developers with the knowledge and skills
necessary to mitigate these threats effectively.

In conclusion, future work in the domain of tampering with applications using debuggers should
prioritize the development of advanced detection mechanisms, automated vulnerability analysis
techniques, dynamic security controls, behavioral profiling frameworks, and education initiatives. By
addressing these areas, researchers and practitioners can enhance the resilience of software
systems against debugger-based exploits and safeguard the integrity and security of digital
ecosystems.s

References:
1. Li, Zhiqiang, et al. "Detection and prevention of debuggers in Windows applications." Proceedings
of the 6th International Symposium on Information, Computer, and Communications Security. ACM,
2011.
2. Brumley, David, et al. "BitBlaze: A new approach to computer security via binary analysis."
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems Security. Springer, 2008.

3. Hu, Xiaodong, et al. "COP: Embracing the continuum of protection for tamper-resilant software
execution." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 13.3 (2015): 337-349.

4. Cui, Weidong, et al. "Nanoprocessors: Shrinking computing devices to fundamental logic

operations." Proceedings of the IEEE 98.12 (2010): 2005-2022.

5. Checkoway, Stephen, et al. "A systematic study of the Juniper Dual EC incident." Proceedings of
the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, 2016.

These references cover various aspects of tampering with applications using debuggers, including
detection and prevention techniques, binary analysis approaches, and strategies for enhancing
software resilience against tampering attempts. They provide valuable insights and research findings
that contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic.