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Certificate

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Tanmay karali
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You are on page 1/ 13

PM Shri kendra

Vidyalaya

EXTRACTION OF
ESSENTIAL OIL

1.Saunf(aniseed)

2. Ajwain(carum)
3.Illaichi(cardamom)

Vineet Kumar Yadav


class - 12
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, Vineet kumar
yadav, a student of PM Shri Kendra
Vidyalaya,Jsg,Odisha has submitted the
chemistry project report entitled
“Extraction of essential oil” submitted
for partial fulfilment and practical
examination to the department of
chemistry, embodies a detailed study
carried out by the student under my
supervision. This project in my opinion
is completed

Naibedya Das
(PGT Chemistry)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to the Principal, K.V.S. JSG
for his encouragement and for all the facilities
that he provided for this project work. I
sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by
taking me into his fold for which I shall remain
indebted to his. I extend my hearty thanks to
Naibedya das chemistry teacher, who
guided me to the successful completion of this
project. I take this opportunity to express my
deep sense of gratitude for her invaluable
guidance, constant encouragement,
constructive comments, sympathetic attitude
and immense motivation, which has sustained
my efforts at all stages of this project work.

I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my


family who helped me to carry out this project
work successfully & for their valuable advice &
support, which I received from them time to
time.
DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this project work
has been originally carried under the
guidance and supervision of Sr.Naibedya
Dash, P.G.T Chemistry, P.M SHRI KVS,
JHARSUGUDA, ODISHA.

INDEX
1- CERTIFICATE
2- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3- INDEX
4- INTRODUTION
5- THEORY
6- ANISEED PLANT
7- REQUIREMENTS
8- PROCEDURE
9- EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
10-OBSERVATION
INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic
liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from
plants. They are also known as volatile oils,
ethereal oils, aetherolea etc. Essential oils are
made up of highly volatile substances which can
be extracted from numerous plant species.
Distillation based recovery processes such as
steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for
the extraction of essential oils from plant
materials. Virtually all naturally occurring
essential oils are made up of hydrocarbons such
as camphene, pinene, limonene, phellandrene,
cadinene, and oxygenated hydrocarbons such as
alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones,
lactones, phenols and organic acids. The
essential oil get their odours from the oxygenated
compounds contained in them and these confer
stability on the oil against oxidation. The
hydrocarbons are less stable and they are
responsible for the degradation observed in the
oils. The hydrocarbons contained in the essential
oils are often removed so that the oils can be
more
stable and still retain their odours and flavours
THEORY
**CAROM OIL (AJWAIN)**
- **Botanical Name**: Trachyspermum ammi
- **Common Method of Extraction**: Distillation
- **Aroma**: Warm, Pungent, Peppery
- **Extraction**: The main constituents of the
ajwain oil are thymol, gamma-terpinene, and beta-
pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, para-
cymene, carvacrol, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol are
also present in the oil. The oil is obtained from
ajwain oils depending upon the region where it is
cultivated. Ajwain oil obtained from Southern India
is rich in thymol.
**Uses**:
- It is used for skin ailments. Ajwain can help with
pimples.
- Ajwain oil is also used to treat ringworm and other
bacterial infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and
essential oil.
- Ajwain oil is used in traditional Indian cooking as a
spice that relieves nausea and migraines
**CARDAMOM OIL (ELAICHI)**

- **Botanical Name**: Elettaria cardamomum


- **Common Method of Extraction**: Steam
Distillation
- **Aroma**: Very complex and smooth spice
aroma
- **Extraction**: Cardamom oil is extracted by the
steam distillation method. For this, the seeds are
dried before they are put through this process in
mostly 1 to 5 per cent.
- **Chemical Composition**: Cardamom oil
contains a complex mixture of a-pinene, sabinene,
myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, y-
terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, linalool, linalyl
acetate, a-terpineol acetate, nerol, terpineol-4-ol, a-
terpineol, geraniol, terpinenyl acetate, and trans-
nerolidol.

**Uses**:
- Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for
treatment of sciatica, coughs, and also as a nervous
diaphoretic.
- Traditionally, it is used for pulmonary disease,
fever, digestive and urinary problems in India and
China for over 3000 years.
- It is also used to flavour pharmaceutical products.
Apart from pharmaceutical usage, cardamom oil is
also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes and
cosmetic products.
• Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of
Experimental Setup.
• The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected
to the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The
flask is connected to a water condenser through a glass
outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to a receiver
through an outlet tube.
• Take about 75 ml of water in the steam generator and
start heating to produce steam.
• In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed
sand.
• As vigorous current of steam from steam generator is
passed through the round bottom flask.
• A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom
flask, as more steam is passed, the steam volatile
components of the sand pass through the condenser
along with steam. These contents on condensation are
collected in the receiver.
• The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated
by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation
of steam in the flask.
• The process of steam distillation is continued for
about half an hour.
• Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and
extract it with 20 ml portions of petroleum ether 3
times.
• Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml
conical flask and add anhydrous sodium sulphate to it.
• Stopper the flask and allow to stand for about 15
minutes.
• Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful
distillation in a water bath.
• The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
• Find the weight of the extracted essential oil.
• Note the colour, odour and weight of the essential oil.

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