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    Relational Models IV (Teachers Slide)

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    part 4 of the relational models teaching guide using the nigerian syllabus

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    Relational Models IV (Teachers Slide)

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    praise
    8 views14 pages
    part 4 of the relational models teaching guide using the nigerian syllabus

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    relational models iv(teachers slide)

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    part 4 of the relational models teaching guide using the nigerian syllabus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views14 pages

    Relational Models IV (Teachers Slide)

    Uploaded by

    praise
    part 4 of the relational models teaching guide using the nigerian syllabus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    RELATIONAL MODELS

    IV
    Learning Objectives
    1. Explain the Constraints Types (check
    constraints, NOT NULL Constraints)
    2. Introduction to constraints (Integrity, Primary
    Key constraints, Foreign key constraints,
    unique constraints).
    CONSTRAINTS

    Constraints are the rules enforced on data


    columns table to limit the type of data that can
    go into a table.

    Constraints could be column level or table level.


    Constraints Types
    NOT NULL Constraints: Ensures that a column cannot have
    NULL value.

    DEFAULT Constraint: Provides a default value for a column


    when non is specified.

    UNIQUE Constraint: Ensure that all values in a column are


    different.

    PRIMARY Key: Uniquely identifies each row/column in a


    database table.
    FOREIGN Key: Uniquely identifies a row/column in any
    other database table.

    CHECK Constraint: This ensures that all values in a


    column satisfy certain conditions .

    INDEX: Used to create and retrieve data from the


    database very quickly.
    Integrity Constraints
    Integrity constraints are used to ensure accuracy
    and consistency of data in a relational database.

    Data integrity is handled in a relational database


    through the concept of referential integrity.
    All the constraints mentioned above play a role
    in referential integrity.
    Create Primary Key
    Below is the syntax to define ID attribute as a primary key in a
    CUSTOMERS table:

    CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(


    ID INT NOT NULL,
    NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
    AGE INT NOT NULL,
    ADDRESS CHAR (25),
    SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
    PRIMARY KEY (ID));

    A table can have only one primary key which may


    consist of single or multiple fields.
    Activity

    When multiple fields are used as a primary


    key, they are called _________.
    When multiple fields are used as a primary key, they
    are called Composite key.

    SAMPLE:
    CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(
    ID INT NOT NULL,
    NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
    AGE INT NOT NULL,
    ADDRESS CHAR (25),
    SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
    PRIMARY KEY (ID, NAME));
    To create a PRIMARY KEY constraints on the “ID”
    and “NAME” columns when CUSTOMERS table
    already exist, use the SQL syntax:

    ALTER CONTRAINTS PK_CUSTID PRIMARY KEY


    (ID, NAME);
    Delete Primary Key
    Syntax:

    ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERS DROP PRIMARY KEY;


    Evaluation

    1. What is the meaning of the syntax


    SQL> ALTER CONTRAINTS PK_CUSTID
    PRIMARY KEY (ID, NAME);
    Assignment

    Explain the commonly used constraints in SQL.

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