The Architecture of SAP ERP

Understand how successful software works

von
Jochen Boeder, Bernhard Groene

1. Auflage

The Architecture of SAP ERP – Boeder / Groene

schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG

Thematische Gliederung:
SAP

tredition 2014

Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet:

www.beck.de
ISBN 978 3 8495 6814 6
Table of Contents
Foreword 9
Preface 11
1 Architecture of SAP ERP 15
1.1 SAP ERP Overview ................................................................................................. 15
1.1.1 SAP ERP Operations .................................................................................................. 16
1.1.2 SAP ERP Financials.................................................................................................... 16
1.1.3 SAP ERP Human Capital Management .................................................................. 17
1.2 SAP ERP and SAP Business Suite ....................................................................... 18
1.3 Technical Architecture of SAP ERP ..................................................................... 19
1.3.1 Three Tier Client Server Architecture ..................................................................... 21
1.3.2 Transaction Concept .................................................................................................. 23
1.3.3 ABAP ........................................................................................................................... 25
1.3.4 Customizing and Extending the System ................................................................. 25
1.3.5 Integration Concepts ................................................................................................. 26
1.3.6 System Landscapes .................................................................................................... 28

2 SAP ERP Powered by SAP HANA 31

2.1 SAP HANA Architecture Overview .................................................................... 32
2.1.1 In-Memory Database ................................................................................................. 33
2.1.2 Columnar Data Storage ............................................................................................. 33
2.1.3 Data Structures and Compression for Columnar Tables ...................................... 34
2.1.4 Efficient Write Operations on Columnar Tables .................................................... 35
2.1.5 SAP HANA Database Architecture Overview ....................................................... 36
2.2 SAP NetWeaver ABAP on SAP HANA ............................................................... 39
2.3 Application-Level Optimizations for SAP HANA ........................................... 41
2.4 SAP HANA Live ...................................................................................................... 42
3 SAP ERP Operations 47
3.1 Introduction to SAP ERP Operations .................................................................. 47
3.1.1 Master Data and Reuse.............................................................................................. 48
3.1.2 Integration with SAP Business Suite ....................................................................... 50
3.2 Material Master ....................................................................................................... 52
3.2.1 Architecture Overview .............................................................................................. 52
3.2.2 The View Concept of Material Master..................................................................... 54
3.2.3 Database Design of Material Master........................................................................ 57
3.2.4 General Functions ...................................................................................................... 58
 3.3 Business Partner Master Data............................................................................... 59
3.3.1 Partner Determination ............................................................................................... 60
3.4 Sales and Distribution ........................................................................................... 62
3.4.1 Architecture Overview .............................................................................................. 62
3.4.2 Integration Architecture ............................................................................................ 66
3.4.3 Pricing .......................................................................................................................... 67
3.4.4 Availability Check ...................................................................................................... 75
3.5 Production Planning .............................................................................................. 82
3.5.1 Master Data ................................................................................................................. 83
3.5.2 Integration Architecture ............................................................................................ 83
3.5.3 Planning Functions .................................................................................................... 84
3.5.4 Production Execution ................................................................................................ 91
3.6 Materials Management .......................................................................................... 96
3.6.1 Procurement of Materials .......................................................................................... 97
3.6.2 Procurement of Services ............................................................................................ 98
3.6.3 Integration Architecture ............................................................................................ 99
3.6.4 Pattern-Based User Interface .................................................................................. 100
3.7 Logistics Execution ............................................................................................... 106
3.7.1 Architecture Overview ............................................................................................ 106
3.7.2 Integration Architecture .......................................................................................... 107
3.7.3 Inbound Delivery Processing ................................................................................. 108
3.7.4 Outbound Delivery Processing .............................................................................. 108
3.7.5 Transportation Management .................................................................................. 112
3.7.6 Warehouse Management ........................................................................................ 116
3.8 Quality Management ........................................................................................... 119
3.8.1 Quality Planning ...................................................................................................... 121
3.8.2 Quality Inspection .................................................................................................... 123
3.8.3 Quality Control......................................................................................................... 125
3.8.4 Quality Notification ................................................................................................. 125
3.8.5 Quality in Procurement Processing ....................................................................... 125
3.8.6 Quality Certificate Processing ................................................................................ 126

4 SAP ERP Financials 129

4.1 Introduction to SAP ERP Financials ................................................................. 129
4.1.1 Architecture Overview ............................................................................................ 130
4.1.2 Financial Accounting ............................................................................................... 130
4.1.3 Management Accounting ........................................................................................ 132
4.1.4 Financial Supply Chain Management ................................................................... 134
4.1.5 Treasury..................................................................................................................... 134
4.1.6 Accounting Interface ................................................................................................ 135
 4.1.7 Deployment .............................................................................................................. 135
4.2 Recording Financial Transactions Using the Accounting Interface ............ 136
4.2.1 Create Interface ........................................................................................................ 138
4.2.2 Post Interface ............................................................................................................ 140
4.3 Financial Accounting ............................................................................................ 141
4.3.1 The Financial Accounting Document .................................................................... 142
4.3.2 Financial Interface .................................................................................................... 144
4.3.3 Document Posting .................................................................................................... 145
4.3.4 New General Ledger Accounting .......................................................................... 149
4.3.5 Document Processing with New General Ledger ............................................... 150
4.3.6 Sub-Ledger Processing ............................................................................................ 152
4.3.7 Clearing ..................................................................................................................... 157
4.3.8 Tax Accounting ........................................................................................................ 159
4.3.9 Periodic Processing .................................................................................................. 160
4.3.10 Asset Accounting ..................................................................................................... 164
4.3.11 Special Purpose Ledger ........................................................................................... 167
4.4 Management Accounting ..................................................................................... 169
4.4.1 Management Accounting Overview ..................................................................... 170
4.4.2 Profitability Analysis ............................................................................................... 172
4.4.3 Profit Center Accounting ........................................................................................ 174
4.5 Financial Supply Chain Management ............................................................... 176
4.5.2 SAP Biller Direct....................................................................................................... 178
4.5.3 SAP Credit Management ........................................................................................ 180
4.6 Treasury .................................................................................................................. 182
4.6.1 SAP Treasury and Risk Management: ................................................................... 182
4.6.2 SAP Cash and Liquidity Management .................................................................. 184
4.6.3 In-House Cash .......................................................................................................... 187

5 SAP ERP Human Capital Management 191

5.1 Introduction to SAP ERP HCM .......................................................................... 191
5.2 HCM Core Applications ...................................................................................... 194
5.2.1 Personnel Administration ....................................................................................... 194
5.2.2 Personnel Development .......................................................................................... 196
5.2.3 Organizational Management .................................................................................. 199
5.2.4 Personnel Time Management ................................................................................. 199
5.2.5 Payroll........................................................................................................................ 201
5.2.6 Appraisals, Evaluation, and Survey Engine ......................................................... 206
5.3 SAP ERP HCM Extension Applications ........................................................... 207
5.3.1 Talent Management Overview ............................................................................... 207
5.3.2 Career and Succession Management ..................................................................... 209
 5.3.3 Compensation Management ................................................................................... 212
5.3.4 Performance Management ...................................................................................... 213
5.3.5 SAP E-Recruiting ...................................................................................................... 214
5.3.6 Enterprise Learning ................................................................................................. 216
5.4 SAP ERP HCM Service Delivery Applications ............................................... 219
5.4.1 Self-Service Applications......................................................................................... 219
5.4.2 HCM Processes and Forms ..................................................................................... 221
5.4.3 Employee Interaction Center .................................................................................. 223

6 Appendix 229
6.1 SAP ERP Operations – Appendix ...................................................................... 229
6.1.1 Material Master ........................................................................................................ 229
6.1.2 Sales and Billing ....................................................................................................... 230
6.1.3 Production Planning ................................................................................................ 232
6.1.4 Materials Management ............................................................................................ 233
6.1.5 Logistics Execution .................................................................................................. 235
6.1.6 Quality Management ............................................................................................... 237
6.2 SAP ERP Financials – Appendix ........................................................................ 238
6.2.1 Accounting Interface ................................................................................................ 238
6.2.2 Financial Accounting ............................................................................................... 239
6.2.3 Financial Supply Chain Management ................................................................... 242
6.2.4 Treasury..................................................................................................................... 243
6.2.5 Debit Credit in Financial Accounting .................................................................... 247
6.3 SAP ERP HCM – Appendix ................................................................................ 249
6.3.1 PA Infotype Customization Tables ........................................................................ 249
6.3.2 PD Infotype Customization Tables ........................................................................ 249
6.3.3 Software Components in SAP ERP HCM ............................................................. 250
6.3.4 PD Objects in SAP ERP HCM and Organizational Management ...................... 251
6.3.5 PD Objects in SAP E-Recruiting ............................................................................. 252
6.4 Diagram Legend .................................................................................................... 253
6.4.1 Block Diagram .......................................................................................................... 253
6.4.2 Activity Diagram ...................................................................................................... 254
6.4.3 Class Diagram........................................................................................................... 255
6.5 Further Reading .................................................................................................... 256
6.6 References .............................................................................................................. 257
6.7 Authors and Editors ............................................................................................. 258
6.8 Table of Figures .................................................................................................... 261
6.9 Index ....................................................................................................................... 265