CHUYÊN ĐỀ THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

I. LÝ THUYẾT

TENSES Cách sử dụng Dấu hiệu Ví dụ

SIMPLE PRESENT - thói quen ở hiện - always, usually, - She often goes
(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) tại often, sometimes, to school late.
Động từ thường - sự thật, chân lí. seldom, rarely, - The sun rises in
+: S + V1 / V(s/es) never, every, the east.
-: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 normally, regularly,
?: Do/ Does + S +V1 …? occasionally, as a
Động từ to be: rule …
S + am/ is / are …
- hành động đang - at the moment, - I can’t answer
PRESENT diễn ra vào lúc nói. now, right now, at the phone. I’m
PROGRESSIVE - dự định sẽ thực present having a bath.
(HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) hiện trong tương - Look! - She is going to
lai gần. - Listen! the cinema
+: S + am/is/are + V-ing - hành động có - Be quiet! tonight.
-: S + am/ is/ are + not + tính chất tạm thời. - Keep silence! - He often goes to
V-ing Note: một số động work by car, but
?: Am / Is /Are + S + V- từ thường không today he is taking
ing? dùng với thì tiếp a bus.
diễn: like, dislike,
hate, love, want,
prefer, admire,
believe,
understand,
remember, forget,
know, belong,
have, taste, smell,
be
PRESENT PERFECT - hành động bắt - lately, recently - I have learnt
 (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN đầu trong quá khứ, (gần đây) English for five
THÀNH) kéo dài đến hiện - so far, up to now, years.
tại và có thể tiếp up to the present
+: S + has / have + P.P tục trong tương lai. (cho tới bây giờ)
- hành động vừa - already, ever, - She has just
-: S + has / have + not + mới xảy ra. never, just, yet, for received a letter
P.P + khoảng th/g, from her father.
since + mốc th/g.
?: Has / Have + S + P.P? - how long …
- this is the first
time/second time…
- many times /
several times
SIMPLE PAST - hành động xảy ra - yesterday, last - She went to
(QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) và chấm dứt ở một week, last month, London last year.
thời điểm xác định …ago, in 1990, in - The man came
+: S + V2 / V-ed trong quá khứ. the past, … to the door,
- một chuỗi hành unlocked it,
-: S + didn’t + V1 động xảy ra liên entered the room,
tục trong quá khứ. went to the bed
?: Did + S + V1 ….? - một thói quen and lay down on
trong quá khứ it.
- When we were
students, we often
went on a picnic
every weekend.
PAST PROGRESSIVE - hành động đang - at that time, at (9 - He was doing
(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) xảy ra tại một thời o’clock) last night, his homework at
điểm xác định at this time (last 8 o’clock last
+: S + was / were + V-ing trong quá khứ week), night.
- hai hành động - The children
-: S + was / were + not + cùng xảy ra đồng were playing
V-ing thời trong quá khứ football while
their mother was
?: Was / Were + S + V- cooking the meal.
ing…?
PAST PERFECT - hành động xảy ra - already, ever, - When I arrived
(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN trước hành động never, before, by, at the party, they
THÀNH khác hoặc trước by the time, after, had already left.
một thời điểm until, when, …. - I had
+: S + had + V3 trong quá khứ completed the
English course by
-: S + hadn’t + V3 1998.

?: Had + S + V3 …?
SIMPLE FUTURE - hành động sẽ xảy - tomorrow, next, - He will come
(TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) ra trong tương lai in 2012, …. back tomorrow.
+: S + will/ shall + V1 - một quyết định - I think / guess - The phone is
-: S + will/ shall + not +V1 được đưa ra vào - I am sure / I am ringing. I will
(won’t / shan’t + V1) lúc nói not sure answer it.
?: Will / Shall + S + V1
…?
Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V1
- Diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trước
Ex: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year)
- Diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ
Ex: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
Note:
- Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ:
. Hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school.
. Hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì
quá khứ đơn
Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework.
 She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends.
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
(Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian)
Hiện tại Hiện tại
Quá khứ Quá khứ
Tương lai Hiện tại

1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ

I will wait here until she comes back.
2. TLĐ + after + HTHT
He will go home after he has finished his work.
3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ
While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
It (start) --------------- to rain while the boys (play) -------------- football.
5. QKTD + while + QKTD
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.
6. HTHT + since + QKĐ
I (work) -------------------- here since I (graduate)---------------------.
7. After + QKHT, QKĐ
After I had finished my homework, I (go) --------------- to bed.
8. Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT
Before she (have) HAD dinner, she (write) HAD WRITTEN letter.

II. LUYỆN TẬP

1. Choose the correct answer.

1. He was writing to his friend when he __________a noise.
A. was hearing B. heard C. had heard D. hears
1. B (QKTD when QKĐ -> hành động đang diễn ra thì hành động khác xen vào trong quá

khứ)

2. I __________many people since I came here in June.

A. met B. has met C. was meeting D. have met
2. B (HTHT since QKĐ)
3. We __________ maths at this time last week.
A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt
3. A at this time last week -> QKTD
4. She was playing games while he __________a football match.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching
C while QKTD : trong khi
5. She __________to Ho Chi Minh city last year.
A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went
D last year -> QKĐ

6. Since we came here, we ______ a lot of acquaintances.

A. have had B. had C. have D. are having
A since QKĐ, HTHT

7. __________he playing football now?

A. Will B. Does C. Was D. Is
D now -> HTTD

8. Every morning, I often sit in my garden and____ to my nightingale sing.

A. listening B. listen C. listened D. listens
B often -> HTĐ

9. She __________school when she was six.

A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting
B when she was six -> QKĐ

10. I. __________TV when the telephone rang.

A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched
B (QKTD when QKĐ)
11. I will contact you as soon as I ___________the information.
A. will get B. get C. got D. had got
A (QKHT by the time QKĐ)

12. If he's late again, I_____ very angry.

A. am going to be B. will be C. would be D. am
A used to V : đã từng

13. A: “The phone is ringing” B. “ I ______it”.

A. answer B. will answer C. have answered D. will be answering
B couldn't -> QKĐ/ had to V : phải làm gì

14. Yesterday, I _______ for work late because I _______ to set my alarm.
A. had left / forgot B. was leaving / was forgetting
C. left / had forgot D. had been leaving / would forget
C (QKHT : hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ)

15. By the time we ____ to the train station, Susan _____ for us for more than two hours.
A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waiting
C. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait
C (by the time QKĐ, QKHT/QKHTTD)

16. While her brother was in the army, Sarah ___________ to him twice a week.
A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written
B (hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ -> QKĐ)

17. The Titanic _______ the Atlantic when it _______ an iceberg.

A. was crossing / struck B. had crossed / was striking
C. crossed / had struck D. is crossing / strikes
B: Cấu trúc phối hợp thì giữa 2 hành động: S + was/were + V-ing + when + S + V-
ed/V cột 2
Câu này diễn tả 2 hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, trong đó có 1 hành động cắt ngang hành
động đang xảy xa. Hành động cắt ngang ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn. Hành động đang xảy ra ta dùng
thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Dịch: Chiếc tàu Titanic đang băng qua Đại tây dương khi nó đâm phải tảng băng trôi.
18. In the 19th century, it _______ two or three months to cross North America by
covered wagon.
A. took B. had taken C. had taken D. was taking
A. It
+ takes + time + to do sth: mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì
Trong câu có “In the 19th century” là trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ,
nên ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn, động từ “take” được chia là “took”

19. Last night at this time, they _______ the same thing. She ______ and he _________
the Newspaper.
A. are not doing / is cooking / is reading
B. were not doing / was cooking / was reading
C. was not doing / has cooked / is reading
D. had not done / was cooking /read
9. B
“Last night at this time”, nên cả hai động từ cần chia phải được chia ở thì quá khứ
tiếp diễn để chỉ hành động diễn ra tiếp diễn trong quá khứ.

20. After he ____________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished
C
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả sự việc xảy ra trước một sự việc khác trong quá khứ.
After + QKHT, QKD

21. It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema.

A. We have been to the cinema for a long time.
B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time.
C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to.
D. We wish we went to the cinema now.
B.
It’s a long time + since + S + V qk = S + HTHT (phủ định) + Since/for.

22. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago.
A. I didn’t see Rose for three years.
B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago.
 C. I haven’t seen Rose since three years.
D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years.
-> The last time + S +V- P2 + Was time + ago
= S + have/has not + Vp2 + Since/ for time
23. I haven't visited the museum for three months.
A. It is three months since I have visited the museum.
B. I didn't visit the museum three months ago.
C. The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago.
D. It is three months since I visited the museum.
S + hasn't/haven't + P2 + since/for...
]→ S + last + V2/ed + O + thời gian + ago.

C. The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago.

24. "John began playing the piano 10 years ago"

A. John played the piano 10 years ago.

B. John has played the piano for 10 years.

C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago.
D. John doesn't play the piano anymore
C.
S+ started / begun V + time ago/when time = S + have/ has + Vpp + for time/since
time
25. The last time I saw her was a week ago. .
A. I haven't seen her for a week.
B. I haven't seen her since a week.
C. I have seen her for a week.
D. I have seen her since a week.
A
-> The last time + S +V- P2 + Was time + ago
= S + have/has not + Vp2 + Since/ for time

2. Error Identification
1. When I walk past the park, I saw some children play football.
 A B C D
A -> was walking -> when QKTD, QKĐ

2. After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.
A B C D
A -> had eaten -> after QKHT, QKĐ

3. What did you do at 9 o'clock last night? I phoned you but nobody answered.
A B C D
A -> were you doing -> at 9 o'clock last night (QKTD, S was/were Ving)

4. When I arrived at the station, the train has already left.

A B C D
D -> had already left -> when QKĐ, QKHT

5. Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school.
A B C D
C -> since -> HTHT since QKĐ

6. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now.
A B C D
A -> disappeared -> ago (QKĐ, S V2/ed)

7. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner
A B C D
D -> cooked -> after QKHT, QKĐ

8. It’s the first time I saw this film

A B C D
C -> have seen -> it's the first time S have/has V3/ed

9. After he graduates from university, he joined the army.

 A B C D
B -> had graduated -> after QKHT, QKĐ

10. Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president.
A B C D
B -> has been -> up to now (HTHT, S have/has V3/