Oracle

1Z0-1127-24
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2024 Generative AI
Professional
QUESTION & ANSWERS

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QUESTION: 1

Which type of neural network architecture is commonly used in modern LLMs?

Option A : Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

Option B : Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Option C : Transformer Networks

Option D : Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Correct Answer: C

Explanation/Reference:

Here's why:

A. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): CNNs are effective for image recognition tasks where data has a grid-like
structure. They're not ideal for sequential data like text, which is a primary focus of LLMs.

B. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): RNNs were historically used for LLMs, but they struggle with long-range
dependencies in sequences. Transformer networks address this limitation.

C. Transformer Networks: Transformer networks are specifically designed to handle sequential data and excel at
capturing long-range dependencies between words in a sentence. This is crucial for LLMs to understand the context
and meaning within a sequence.

D. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): GANs are used for generating new data, but they are not the primary
architecture for LLMs. Transformers are more suitable for the core functionalities of LLMs like understanding and
responding to prompts.

QUESTION: 2

What is a potential drawback of using RAG in OCI Generative AI applications?

Option A : RAG is computationally expensive due to the retrieval process.

Option B : RAG can only be used with specific pre-trained models offered by OCI.

Option C : RAG requires extensive training data for the Retriever component.

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 Option D : RAG outputs are limited to factual summaries and lack creativity.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation/Reference:

a) RAG is computationally expensive due to the retrieval process: This is a valid concern. Identifying relevant
passages involves searching through potentially large amounts of text data, which can be computationally expensive.
However, advancements in retrieval techniques and efficient algorithms can help mitigate this drawback.

b) RAG can only be used with specific pre-trained models offered by OCI: RAG should be compatible with various pre-
trained models as long as they can interact with the retrieved information. OCI might offer pre-configured options for
convenience, but RAG itself shouldn't be limited to specific models.

c) RAG requires extensive training data for the Retriever component: While some fine-tuning with domain-specific
data might be beneficial, RAG doesn't necessarily require massive training datasets for the Retriever component. It
can leverage existing textual resources.

d) RAG outputs are limited to factual summaries and lack creativity: RAG can incorporate retrieved information to
enhance factual accuracy and context, but it doesn't eliminate creativity entirely. The generative component within
RAG can still be influenced to produce creative text formats depending on the task and configuration.

Therefore, the most likely potential drawback of using RAG in OCI Generative AI applications is:

a) RAG is computationally expensive due to the retrieval process

QUESTION: 3

How does the architecture of dedicated AI clusters contribute to minimizing GPU memory overhead for T-Few
fine-tuned model inference?

Option A : By sharing base model weights across multiple fine-tuned models on the same group of GPUs

Option B : By optimizing GPU memory utilization for each model’s unique parameters

Option C : By allocating separate GPUs for each model instance

Option D : By loading the entire model into GPU memory for efficient processing

Correct Answer: A

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Explanation/Reference:

Sharing base model weights across multiple fine-tuned models on the same group of GPUs can help minimize GPU memory

overhead for T-Few fine-tuned model inference. By sharing common weights, the memory footprint required for storing model

parameters can be reduced, leading to more efficient memory utilization and potentially minimizing memory overhead during

inference.

QUESTION: 4

How are fine-tuned customer models stored to enable strong data privacy and security in the OCI Generative
AI service?

Option A : Shared among multiple customers for efficiency

Option B : Stored in Object Storage encrypted by default

Option C : Stored in Key Management service

Option D : Stored in an unencrypted form in Object Storage

Correct Answer: B

Explanation/Reference:

Storing fine-tuned customer models in Object Storage encrypted by default is the correct choice to ensure strong data privacy

and security in the OCI Generative AI service. Encryption adds an extra layer of protection to the sensitive data, making it

unreadable to unauthorized users even if they gain access to the storage.

QUESTION: 5

Which of the following statements is true about OCI Generative AI service?

Option A : It provides pre-trained large language models (LLMs) only.

Option B : It allows fine-tuning pre-trained models with your own data.

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 Option C : It requires users to manage their own AI clusters for inference.

Option D : It is limited to text generation tasks only.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation/Reference:

Here's why the other statements are not entirely accurate:

(a) It provides pre-trained large language models (LLMs) only: While OCI Generative AI offers pre-trained models, it's
a core feature that users can fine-tune these models with their own data to improve performance on specific tasks.

(c) It requires users to manage their own AI clusters for inference: OCI Generative AI likely handles inference through
its own infrastructure after a model is deployed as an endpoint. Users wouldn't need to manage separate AI clusters
for this purpose.

(d) It is limited to text generation tasks only: While text generation is a common application, OCI Generative AI
models can be used for various tasks like summarization, code analysis, and potentially other functionalities
depending on the chosen model and fine-tuning approach.

By allowing users to fine-tune pre-trained models with their data, OCI Generative AI empowers them to leverage the
capabilities of these models and customize them for their specific needs across a range of tasks.

QUESTION: 6

What is the primary focus of a code model, a specialized type of LLM?

Option A : Generating different creative writing formats, like poems or scripts.

Option B : Translating natural languages into different languages with high accuracy.

Option C : Understanding and processing code written in various programming languages.

Option D : Interacting with humans in a conversational manner through text or voice.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation/Reference:

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Here's why the other options are not the primary focus of code models:

A. Generating different creative writing formats, like poems or scripts: While some code models might be able to
generate code that resembles creative text formats, this is not their main strength. They are better suited for
understanding and manipulating code based on instructions.

B. Translating natural languages into different languages with high accuracy: This is a capability of standard machine
translation LLMs, not the primary focus of code models.

D. Interacting with humans in a conversational manner through text or voice: While some code models might be used
in interactive coding environments, their core function isn't human conversation. They excel at understanding the
structure and logic of code.

Code models are specifically trained on datasets containing code alongside natural language instructions or
comments. This allows them to grasp the relationship between human-written code and its intended functionality.
Their key strength lies in being able to:

Analyze and understand existing code written in various programming languages.

Generate code snippets based on natural language descriptions of desired functionalities.

Identify and potentially fix bugs or errors within code.

Translate between different programming languages (in some cases).

QUESTION: 7

Which statement best describes the role of encoder and decoder models in natural language processing?

Option A : Encoder models and decoder models both convert sequences of words into vector
representations without generating new text.

Option B : Encoder models are used only for numerical calculations, whereas decoder models are used to
interpret the calculated numerical values back into text.

Option C : Encoder models convert a sequence of words into a vector representation, and decoder models
take this vector representation to generate a sequence of words.

Option D : Encoder models take a sequence of words and predict the next word in the sequence, whereas
decoder models convert a sequence of words into a numerical representation.

Correct Answer: C

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Explanation/Reference:

This choice is correct because encoder models in natural language processing are designed to convert a sequence of words

into a vector representation, which is then used by decoder models to generate a sequence of words. This process is commonly

used in tasks such as machine translation and text generation.

QUESTION: 8

: During LLM fine-tuning, what part of the model typically undergoes the most significant adjustments?

Option A : The input layer responsible for processing raw text data.

Option B : The final layers responsible for generating the desired output.

Option C : All layers of the LLM architecture are adjusted equally.

Option D : Only the pre-trained word embeddings are updated.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation/Reference:

Here's why:

A. The input layer responsible for processing raw text data: While the input layer might see some adjustments to
handle task-specific data formats, it's not the primary focus of fine-tuning.

B. The final layers responsible for generating the desired output: These layers play a crucial role in shaping the final
output of the LLM. During fine-tuning, they are heavily adjusted to adapt to the specific task and generate outputs
that align with the desired format (like sentiment labels, summaries, or creative text styles).

C. All layers of the LLM architecture are adjusted equally: This is not efficient. Fine-tuning leverages the pre-trained
knowledge, so extensive adjustments throughout all layers are unnecessary.

D. Only the pre-trained word embeddings are updated: Word embeddings are important, but fine-tuning focuses
more on adapting the model's ability to process and generate sequences based on the new task. The final layers play
a more significant role in achieving this.

It's important to note that fine-tuning doesn't solely modify the final layers. The pre-trained encoder and decoder
layers, which play a vital role in understanding the input and generating the desired output, are also adjusted to

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some extent. However, the final layers responsible for shaping the final form of the output typically receive the most
significant modifications.

QUESTION: 9

After successfully fine-tuning a model in OCI Generative AI, which option allows you to integrate the model
into production applications?

Option A : Downloading the fine-tuned model for local deployment.

Option B : Directly using the model within the OCI Generative AI playground.

Option C : Creating a dedicated endpoint for the fine-tuned model.

Option D : Uploading the model to a separate Oracle Cloud service.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation/Reference:

Here's why the other options are less suitable for production deployments:

a) Downloading the fine-tuned model for local deployment: While OCI Generative AI might offer functionalities for exporting

models, local deployment is likely not the preferred approach for production environments. OCI Generative AI provides a

managed service specifically designed for deploying and serving models.

b) Directly using the model within the OCI Generative AI playground: The playground is primarily for experimentation and

exploration, not for production use cases. It might not offer the scalability, security, and monitoring features required for real-

world applications.

d) Uploading the model to a separate Oracle Cloud service: Uploading the model to another service might be an option in

specific scenarios, but creating an endpoint within OCI Generative AI offers a more streamlined and integrated solution for

production deployments within the same service.

By creating a dedicated endpoint, you establish a secure and scalable interface for external applications to interact with your

fine-tuned model. This endpoint allows applications to send requests with data, and the model housed within OCI Generative AI

will process the data and generate predictions. This approach leverages the built-in functionalities of the service for production

deployment and simplifies the process compared to manual model management.

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QUESTION: 10

When troubleshooting issues with a dedicated AI cluster for OCI Generative AI, where can you access logs
and performance metrics for analysis?

Option A : The OCI Console provides a dedicated section for cluster monitoring.

Option B : Logs and metrics are automatically sent to an external monitoring tool.

Option C : You need to manually configure logging and integrate with a separate service.

Option D : Performance data is not available for dedicated AI clusters.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation/Reference:

In a managed service like OCI Generative AI, it's likely that the platform offers functionalities for monitoring
dedicated AI clusters. Here's why the options seem likely or unlikely:

a) The OCI Console provides a dedicated section for cluster monitoring: This is the most probable scenario. Managed
services typically provide monitoring dashboards or sections within their consoles to allow users to view logs and
performance metrics.

b) Logs and metrics are automatically sent to an external monitoring tool: While OCI might allow integrations with
external monitoring tools, it's likely to offer its own built-in monitoring capabilities within the OCI Console.

c) You need to manually configure logging and integrate with a separate service: This level of manual configuration is
less likely in a managed service environment. OCI Generative AI is likely to provide some level of pre-configured
logging and metrics collection.

d) Performance data is not available for dedicated AI clusters: Performance data is crucial for troubleshooting and
optimizing workloads. OCI Generative AI would likely provide access to relevant metrics.

Therefore, the most suitable option for accessing logs and performance metrics for troubleshooting is:

a) The OCI Console provides a dedicated section for cluster monitoring.

By consulting the OCI Console's dedicated monitoring section, you can gain insights into the health and performance
of your dedicated AI cluster. This can be helpful in identifying issues, diagnosing errors, and optimizing resource
utilization within OCI Generative AI.

It's also advisable to check the official OCI Generative AI documentation for detailed information on available
monitoring functionalities and how to access logs and performance metrics specifically within the service

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QUESTION: 11

When fine-tuning a pre-trained model in OCI Generative AI, what does the T-Few technique offer?

Option A : Reduced training time compared to traditional fine-tuning methods.

Option B : Improved accuracy on tasks requiring large amounts of training data.

Option C : The ability to fine-tune models with a wider range of data formats.

Option D : Increased interpretability of the fine-tuned model's decision-making

Correct Answer: A

Explanation/Reference:

Here's why the other options are not the primary benefits of T-Few:

b) Improved accuracy on tasks requiring large amounts of training data: T-Few is specifically designed to work well with smaller

datasets. It might not necessarily improve accuracy on tasks that benefit from large amounts of training data.

c) The ability to fine-tune models with a wider range of data formats: While T-Few might work with some variations in data

format, it's not the main focus. The core benefit is its efficiency in handling smaller datasets.

d) Increased interpretability of the fine-tuned model's decision-making: T-Few doesn't directly address the interpretability of

the model. Interpretability is a complex area of research in large language models, and T-Few's primary focus is on reducing

training time for fine-tuning.

T-Few stands for "Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning." It's a technique specifically designed to be efficient when fine-

tuning models with limited amounts of data. Compared to traditional fine-tuning methods that adjust a larger portion of the

model's parameters, T-Few focuses on modifying a smaller subset of parameters. This allows for faster training times while still

achieving good results on the target task.

QUESTION: 12

Which role does a "model endpoint" serve in the inference workflow of the OCI Generative AI service?

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 Option A : Hosts the training data for fine-tuning custom models

Option B : Updates the weights of the base model during the fine-tuning process

Option C : Serves as a designated point for user requests and model responses

Option D : Evaluates the performance metrics of the custom models

Correct Answer: C

Explanation/Reference:

A model endpoint serves as a designated point for user requests and model responses in the inference workflow of the OCI

Generative AI service. It acts as the interface through which users can send input data for prediction and receive the

corresponding model outputs.

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