SET 1

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION

PHYSICS (042)
CLASS XII (2023-24)
TIME: 3 Hours MAX.MARKS: 70
ANSWER SCHEME

SECTION A
1. (d) zero
(1)
2. 2
(b)
3 (1)
3. (c) both force and torque
(1)
4. 1
(c)
r3 (1)
5. (c) 2H
(1)
6. (a) diamagnetic
(1)
7. (c) 20cm
(1)
8. (b) -1.1cos100πt
(1)
9. (c) 4V
(1)
10. (a) 1:2 (1)

11. (c) 3cm (1)

12.
(1)

13. (d) A is false and R is also false (1)

14. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (1)

15. (d) A is false and R is also false (1)

16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (1)

SECTION B
17.

Let PQ be a plane mirror and A1B1 a plane wavefront incident at an angle i. At t=0, let
the secondary wavelet from A1 reach the mirror at A as shown.

(1)

Let t be the time for the secondary wavelet from B to reach the mirror at C. BC = ct.
During this time, the secondary wavelet from A spreads into a sphere of radius ct.
 With A as centre draw an arc of radius ct. The surface tangent from C to the arc gives
the reflected wavefront CD.
Consider ΔABC and ΔADC
∠ABC = ∠ADC = 900
AC = AC – Common
AD = BC = ct
ΔABC and ΔADC are congruent (RHS)

Thus ∠i = ∠r and the incident wavefront, normal and reflected wavefront lie on the (1)
same plane thus proving the law of reflection.

18. Let P be a point on the equatorial line at a distance r from the midpoint of the dipole.
The electric field at P is the vector sum of the electric field due to the positive and
negative charges of the dipole.

(1)

kq kq
E+ = E - = =
(√r2 +a2 )2 r2 + a2

Resolving E+ and E- into their parallel and perpendicular components

The perpendicular components get cancelled and the parallel components are added.
Thus E = E+ cosθ + E- cosθ = 2E+cosθ
kq a 2kqa 2kqa
E = 2x x = = 3
r2 + a2 √r2 +a2 √(r2 +a2 )3 (r2 + a2 )2
We know p = q x 2a and hence
2kqa kp p
E= 3 = 3 = 3
(r2 + a2 )2 (r2 + a2 )2 4𝜋𝜀0 (r2 + a2 )2
In vector form
⃗
−𝐩
⃗ eq =
𝐄 𝟑
𝟒𝛑𝛆𝟎 (𝐫 𝟐 + 𝐚𝟐 )𝟐
The negative sign is because ⃗E and p
⃗ are in the opposite directions

For a short dipole r>>a

p p
Eeq = 3 =
4πε0 r3
4πε0 (r2 )2 (1)
⃗
⃗ eq = − 𝐩
𝐄
𝟒𝛑𝛆𝟎 𝐫 𝟑

19. Given 𝒍1:𝒍2 = 2:3; r1:r2 = 1:3; Thus A1:A2 = 1:9 (½)

V1 = V 2

I1R1 = I2R2 neA1vd1ρ𝒍1/A1 = neA2vd2ρ𝒍2/A2 (1)

(½)
Thus vd1:vd2 = 𝒍2:𝒍1 = 3:2
 OR

In steady state, BE behaves as a open circuit. (½)

Net emf E = 12 – 6 = 6V
Net resistance r = 3Ω
E 6
Current I = = = 2A (½)
r 3
Potential drop across CD is VD – VC = E – Ir = 12 – 2 x 2 = 8V
(½)
Potential drop across BE is also 8V
Thus, potential drop across capacitor C = 2V (½)

Charge Q = CV = 10μC

20.
(½)
Given λ1 = 590nm and λ2 = 596nm; a = 4 x 10-3 m; D = 2m
3 D
Separation between position of first maxima = (λ2 – λ1)
2 a (½)
3 2
= (596 – 590) x 10-9 x
2 0.004
-6
= 4.5 x 10 m (1)
21. Given m = 3Am2; B = 0.25T; θ = 300
Net force on the bar magnet = 0 (1)

Torque τ = mBsinθ = 3 x 0.25 x sin300 = 0.375 Nm (1)

SECTION C
22. X- rays (½)

It is produced when a fast-moving electron is stopped by a metal target. (½)

USES
• Used as a diagnostic tool in medicine (2)
• Used to treat certain forms of cancer.(Because X-rays can damage living
tissues and organisms, care should be taken to avoid over exposure)
• Check flaws in bridges
• To study crystal structure
[ANY TWO]

23. Nuclear force is that strong attractive force that binds the protons and neutrons
together inside the nucleus.
❖ It is strongest of all the forces (much stronger than the Coulomb force of
repulsion).
❖ Nuclear force is a short-range force. It operates up to a very short distance of
2fm-3fm from the nucleon.
❖ Nuclear force is charge independent i.e. it is the same between proton-proton,
proton-neutron and neutron-neutron. (1+1)
❖ Nuclear force shows saturation property, i.e. it influences only the nucleons
close to it.
❖ Nuclear force is attractive for distance between nucleons greater than 0.8fm
and repulsive for distance less than 0.8fm

[ANY TWO POINTS]

 The plot of potential energy for a pair of nucleons Vs separation is as shown:

(1)

24. Given I1 = I2 = I = 3A; r1 = r2 = r = 6 x 10-2m; d = 12 x 10-2m

(1)

μ0 I μ0 I 2μ0 I 2 x 4π x 10−7 x 3
B = B1 + B 2 = + = = = 2 x 10-5 T
2πr 2πr 2πr 2 x π x 0.06
(1)
F μ0 I1 I2 4π x 10−7 x 3 x 3
= = = 1.5 x 10-5 N/m
l 2πd 2 x π x 0.12
(1)

25. Here n = 4
n (n−1) (1)
Number of spectral lines = =6
2

(1)

(1)
Largest energy corresponds to shortest wavelength. So, it is transition from 4 1.

26. Given f0 = 1.25cm; fe = 5cm; M = -30; ve = -25cm

D 25
me = 1+ =1+ = 6; M = mo x me (½)
fe 5
M v0 (½)
Thus mo = = -5 =
me u0
vo = -5uo
1 1 1 1 1 1 (1)
= - = - uo = -1.5cm; vo = 7.5cm
fo v0 uo 1.25 5u0 uo

1 1 1 1 1 1 −25 (½)
= - = - ue = = -4.17cm
fe ve ue 5 −25 ue 6
(½)
L = vo + |ue| = 11.67 cm
27. q1 q2 9 x 109 x 7 x 10−6 x−2 x 10−6
a) Potential energy U = k = = -0.7 J
r 18 x 10−2 (1)
Thus, work required to separate them is +0.7J (½)
q1 q2
b) U = qVA + qVB + k (½)
r
A A
V = -∫ E dr = -∫ dr =
r2 r
9 x 105 (½)
VA = VB = = 107 V
9 x 10−2
(½)
U = 7 x 10-6 x 107 + -2 x 10-6 x 107 - 0.7 = 49.3J

28. .

1 1
a) XC = =
ωC 2πfC
(1)
1 1 1
C= = = F
2πf XC 2 x π x 100 x 6 1200π

b) XL = ωL
(1)
XL 6 0.03
L= = = H
ω 2 x π x 100 π

XL (1)
c)

OR

4 (½)
L= H; R = 100Ω; V = 200V; f = 50Hz
π2

1
XL = X C ωL = (½)
ωC

4 1
2 x π x 50 x = (½)
π2 2 x π x 50 x C
1
C= 100π x 100π x 4 = 25 μF
(½)
π2

Z = R = 100 Ω
(1)
𝑉
I = 𝑍 = 2 A; P = I2R = 2 x 2 x 100 = 400W
 SECTION D
29. Kirchhoff’s laws

(a) Same potential points: a, b, c & i; f, g, h & j; d & e (1)

[ANY ONE SET]

(b) Rs = R2 + R3 = 10Ω
R1 Rs (½)
R= = 5Ω
R1 +Rs
E (½)
I= = 1A
R+r
Current through BG = 0.5A (1)

(c) Current through R3 = 0.5A (1)

V3 = 0.5 x R3 = 2.5V
OR (1)
(c) Current through R2 = 0.5A
(1)
P = I2 R2 = 0.5 x 0.5 x 5 = 1.25W

30. CASE STUDY – Photoelectric Effect

a) (iv) Zn, Cd and Mg have greater threshold frequency. (1)

b) Stopping potential = 5V (1)

c) hν = Wo + eVo

h x 4 x 1015 = Wo + eV1 ---------(1)

h x 8 x 1015 = Wo + eV2 ---------(2) (1)

Subtracting (2) and (1)

h x (8 x 1015 – 4 x 1015) = e(V2 – V1)

h 6.6 x 10−34 (1)

Thus V2 – V1 = (8 x 1015 – 4 x 1015) = x 4 x 1015 = 16.5V
e 1.6 x 10−19

OR

c) hν = Wo + ½ mv2
(½)
h2fo = hfo + ½ mv12 hfo = ½ mv12 ------------ (1)
(½)
h5fo = hfo + ½ mv22 h4fo = ½ mv22 ------------ (2)

Dividing (2) and (1)

v22 4 v2 (1)
= = 2:1
v21 1 v1
 SECTION E
31. a) Derive mirror formula for a convex mirror.

(1)

∆MPF and ∆A′B′F are similar

MP PF
′ ′ = ′
AB BF

B’F = PF – PB’

AB PF
= -------(1)
A′ B′ PF – PB′
(1)
∆ABP and ∆A′B′P are similar
AB PB
′ ′ = ′ -------(2)
AB PB

Equating (1) and (2) and substituting PF = +f; PB = -u and PB’ = +v

1 1 1 (1)
= +
f v u

b) For P: f = -20cm; u = -50cm

1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = + ; v = -100/3 cm (1)
f v u −20 v −50

−v −(−100) −2
mP = = =
u 3 x−50 3
−v (½)
mQ = 3mP = -2 = v = 2u
u

1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= + = + =
f v u −20 2u u 2u
(½)
Thus, u = -30cm

OR

a)

(1)

For lens A:
1 1 1
= - -------------- (1)
f1 v1 u
For lens B:
1 1 1 (1)
= − -------------- (2)
f2 v v1
 Adding equations (1) and (2)
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = - + −
f1 f2 v1 u v v1
1 1 1 1
Thus + = - ------------(3)
f1 f2 v u
If the two-lens system is regarded as a single lens of focal length F
1 1 1
= - --------- (4)
F v u
Comparing (3) and (4) we get
1 1 1 (1)
= +
F f1 f2

b) P = 10D ; f = 10cm (½)

1 1 1
= ( μ-1)( - )
f R1 R2
(½)
1 1 1
= ( 1.5-1)( - ) -----(1)
10 R1 R2
1 1.5 1 1 (½)
= ( − 1)( - ) --------(2)
−50 μl R1 R2

Solving μl = 5/3 (½)

32. a) A transformer is an electrical device used for changing the ac voltages.

A transformer that can increase the ac voltages is called a step-up transformer and (½)
the one that decreases ac voltages is a step-down transformer.
Principle: A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction i.e. whenever
the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf is induced in the neighbouring
coil.

(½)

Theory & Working:

The emf of the ac source
e = e0sinωt
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting current produces
an alternating magnetic flux which links the secondary and induces an emf in it. The
value of this emf depends on the number of turns in the secondary.
We consider an ideal transformer in which the primary has negligible resistance and
all the flux in the core links both primary and secondary windings.
Let φ be the flux in each turn in the core at time t due to current in the primary when a
voltage is applied to it. (½)
Then the induced emf or voltage es, in the secondary with Ns turns is
𝐝𝛗
es = -NS -----(1)
𝐝𝐭
The alternating flux φ also induces an emf, called back emf in the
primary. This is
𝐝𝛗
eP = -NP -----(2)
𝐝𝐭
Dividing (2) and (1) we get
𝐞𝐏 𝐍𝐏
= ------(3)
𝐞𝐒 𝐍𝐒 (½)
If NS < NP, es < eP, it is a step-down transformer

i) The core of the transformer is laminated to minimize energy loss due to eddy (½)
currents
ii) thick copper wires are used in the windings to minimize energy loss as heat due to (½)
Joule heating.
 b) (i) B = 0.4T; l = 0.2m; v = 0.1m/s; R = 0·1 Ω
Emf e = Blv = 0.4 x 0.2 x 0.1 = 0.008 V (1)

e 0.008 (1)
(ii) I = = = 0.08A
R 0.1
OR

a) An ac generator or dynamo produces alternating electrical current from mechanical (½)

energy.
Principle: It is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. When a coil is
rotated about a vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field in the horizontal direction,
there is an induced current. Change in orientation of the coil gives rise to change in
magnetic flux and hence there is an induced emf.
Theory:
Let N be the number of turns of the coil; A the area enclosed by the coil; B the
strength of the magnetic field and θ the angle the normal to the coil makes with the
direction of magnetic field at any instant t
Magnetic flux linked with the coil in this position is
φB = NABcosθ
If the coil is rotating in a uniform magnetic field with constant angular velocity ω, then (1)
θ = ωt.
Thus φB = NABcosωt
From Faraday’s and Lenz’s law
𝐝𝛗 d
ε or e = - 𝐝𝐭𝐁 = -NAB (cos ωt) = NABωsinωt (½)
dt

(1)

(1)
b) (i) B = 0.30 × 10–4 Wb m–2; l = 0.1m; v = 5m/s
Emf e = Blv = 0.3 × 10–4 x 0.1 x 5 = 0.15 x 10-4 V
(1)
ii) East end of the wire is at a higher potential.
33. a) A: intrinsic semiconductor (½)
B: p- type semiconductor (½)
C: n- type semiconductor (½)

(½)

Intrinsic semiconductor
 (1)

n- type semiconductor p- type semiconductor

b)

D2 is reverse biased and behaves as an open circuit. (½)

R = 2 + 1 = 3Ω
(½)
V 6
I= = = 2A
R 3 (1)

OR

a) X : Half wave rectifier (½)

Y: Full wave rectifier (½)

(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)
b) For X: output frequency = 50Hz
For Y: output frequency = 100Hz
 SET 2

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION

PHYSICS (042)
CLASS XII (2023-24)
TIME: 3 Hours MAX.MARKS: 70
ANSWER SCHEME

SECTION A
2. (c) F/2 (1)

7. (c) 9A; anticlockwise (1)

9. (d) 1:1:1 (1)

10. (b) 6 fm (1)

14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (1)

SECTION B
17. 2π λ π (½)
i) Phase difference = x =
λ 6 3
2
φ (½)
ii) I = Iocos
2
π √3 3Io
= Iocos2 = Io x ( )2 = (1)
6 2 4
19. E (½)
I=
R+r
12 (1)
0.5 = R = 20Ω
R+4
(½)
V = IR = 0.5 x 20 = 10V

OR

Effective resistance across AB

Rs = 5 + 5 = 10Ω
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + +
Rp R1 R2 R3 10 30 15
(1)
Rp = 5 Ω = RAB

In the loop net E = 6 – 2 = 4V; I = 0.2A; Net R = 5 + 10 + R = 15 + R

E 4 (1)
I= 0.2 = R = 5Ω
R+r R+15
20.

(1)

❖ Let t be the time for the secondary wavelet from B to reach the interface at B’.
BB’ = v1 t.
❖ During this time, the secondary wavelet from A spreads into a sphere of radius
v2 t in the denser medium. With A as centre draw an arc of radius v2 t.
❖ The surface tangent from B’ to the arc gives the refracted wavefront A’B’.
BB′ v1 t
In ∆ABB′ sini = = ---- (1)
AB′ AB′
AA′ v2 t
In ∆AA′B′ sinr = = ---- (2)
AB′ AB′
Dividing (1) and (2) we get
sini v1 t v1 μ2 (1)
= = =
sinr v2 t v2 μ1

21. τ = MBsinθ
0.016 = M x 800 x 10-4 x sin30o
M = 0.4Am2 (1)

W = MB(cosθ1 – cosθ2) = MB(cos0o – cos180o) = 2MB

= 2 x 0.4 x 800 x 10-4 = 0.064J (1)
SECTION C
22. 1 (1)
a) v =
√με

b) i) RADAR - Microwaves (1)

ii) earth satellites to observe growth of crops – Infrared radiation (1)

23. -13.6eV + 12.5 = -1.1eV

Energy of the 3rd orbit = -1.51eV
Energy of 4th orbit is -0.85eV (1)
Thus, the highest level up to which hydrogen atoms will be excited is n=3 (½)

1 1 1 (½)
Wavelength of Lyman series = R( - )
λ n2f n2i
1 1 1 3R
Longest wavelength = R( - )=
λ 12 22 4
4
λ= = 1.33 x 911 Ao = 1211 Ao (1)
3R
24. 2V 2V
R1 = –G = R1 + G --------------------(1)
Ig Ig
V V
R2 = –G = R2 + G ------------------------(2) (1)
Ig Ig

2(R2 + G) = R1 + G G = R1 – 2R2 ----------(3)

V
R3 = –G (1)
2Ig
V
2R3 = – 2G 2R3 = R2 + G – 2G
Ig

2R3 = R2 – G = R2 – (R1 – 2R2) = 3R3 – R1

R1 = 3R3 - 2R3 (1)
28.

(½)
(i) XL = 2πfL
20 = 2 x π x 100 L
1
L= H (1)
10π

(ii) XL = XC at 300 Hz
1 (½)
2πfL = = 60
2πfC
1
C= = 8.8 μF (1)
2π x 300 x 60

OR

5
XL = 2πfL = 2 x π x 50 x = 500Ω (1)
π
E 200
I= = = 0.4A
XL 500 (½)
I0 = 0.4 x √2 = 0.566A (½)

Phase difference between voltage and current is π/2. (½)

The phase difference becomes less than π/2 when a resistor is connected in series (½)
with the inductor.
 SET 3

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION

PHYSICS (042)
CLASS XII (2023-24)
TIME: 3 Hours MAX.MARKS: 70
ANSWER SCHEME

SECTION A
1. (c) For a uniform electric field, they are concentric spheres. (1)

6. (b) paramagnetic (1)

16. (d) A is false and R is also false (1)

SECTION B
18. Consider a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R and surface charge density
σ. Q = σ x 4πR2

To find the electric field at point P outside the sphere, the Gaussian surface we
consider is a concentric shell of radius r passing through P.
Applying Gauss Law
1
∮ ⃗E. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dS = ε ∑ q enc
0
1
∮ E dS cos0 = ε ∑ q enc
0

Q
E ∮ dS = ε
0
2 Q
E x 4πr = ε
0
(1)
Q kQ
E= =
4πε0 r2 r2
Q
⃗ =
E r̂
4πε0 r2
But Q = σ x 4π𝑅 2

σ x 4πR2 σ R2
(1)
E= =
4πε0 r2 ε0 r2

SECTION C
27.
WA = 0
qA qB kq2 (1)
W B = qB x VA = k =-
d d
qA qC qB qC kq2 kq2
WC = qC(VA + VB) = k +k =- +
d d d √2d
qA qD qB qD qC qD
WD = qD(VA + VB + VC) = k +k +k
d d d
kq2 kq2 kq2 (1)
WD = - + -
d √2d d

W = WA + WB + WC + WD

4kq2 2kq2 kq2 1 (1)

W=- + = (-2 + )
d √2d d √2

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