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2023 Q Cards Module 1

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28 views40 pages

2023 Q Cards Module 1

Uploaded by

taylormharvey16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 1

Fluid and Electrolytes


Acid Base
Burns
Fluids
FVE - Hypervolemia
Too much fluid in the vascular space
Causes:
HF
RF
Lots of Sodium
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume
Aldosterone
Aldosterone – mineralocorticoid
Aldosterone→ retain Na+ & H2O → ↑ blood volume
Too much Aldosterone: Too little Aldosterone:
Conn’s Addison’s
Cushing’s
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume
ADH
Anti-Diuretic Hormone
ADH→ retain H2O

Too much ADH: Too little ADH:


FVE FVD
SIADH DI
*ADH – think head problems
Vasopression (Pitressin)
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Actual ADH replacement
Causes fluid retention
Uses: DI, Enuresis
FVE S/S
➢ Distended veins
➢ Edema
➢ V/S changes: ↑CVP , ↑BP
➢ Polyuria
➢ Lung sounds wet
FVE Treatment
➢ ↓Na diet
➢ Diuretics Loop, HCTZ, K + Sparing
➢ Bed Rest
➢ IV slowly to elderly
Testing Strategy
Fluid Retention Think Heart First
Testing Strategy
Anytime you see assessment or evaluation on the
NCLEX®, you should be looking for the presence
or absence of the pertinent signs and symptoms.
FVD-Hypovolemia
Causes:
1) Loss of fluid from anywhere
Ex: V/ Diarrhea; NGT; Bleeding

2) Third space – Burns, Ascites

3) Polyuria
FVD S/S
➢ Weight loss
➢ ↓ Skin turgor, dry membranes
➢ ↓ Output
➢ V/S: BP ↓ , P↑ , R ↑ , CVP ↓
➢ Urine spec gravity ↑
FVD Treatment
Prevent further loss
Replace fluids:
mild deficit: oral fluids
moderate to severe: IV fluids
Monitor for overload
Fall precautions
IV Fluids Isotonic
➢ Goes in and stays
➢ D5W, 0.9% NS, LR, D5 1/4NS
➢ Fluid loss when they don’t have hypertension,
cardiac or renal problems
➢*Do not use with HTN, cardiac, or renal disease.
Can cause hypertension, hypernatremia, and
FVE.
IV Fluids Hypotonic
➢ Goes into vascular space, moves out to
rehydrate
➢ D2.5W, 0.33%NS, 1/2 NS
➢ Uses: In clients that have HTN, renal or
cardiac disease, but need fluid replacement.
Will dilute in hypernatremia.
➢ Watch for cellular edema, FVD, ↓ BP
Acid Base
Acid Base
Chemicals
Acid → CO2 – Resp (Lungs)
Acid → Hydrogen – Metabolic (Kidney)
Base → Bicarb – Metabolic (Kidney)
pH
Normal: 7.35 – 7.45

< 7.35 = Acidosis


> 7.45 = Alkalosis
Affects the brain
Kidneys & Lungs control pH
Lungs → CO2 → fast
Kidneys → H+, HCO3 → slow
Burns
Burns
Home Safety
1) Hot H2O heaters
2) Tablecloths
3) Oven attached to the wall
4) Cooking pots
5) Electrical sockets
Burn Patho
Tissue Damage
↓
Plasma seeps (3rd spacing)
↓
FVD/Shock
↓
↑Pulse
↓
↓Output
↓
Epi & Aldosterone compensate

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