CHARUTAR VIDYA MANDAL UNIVERSITY

A D PATEL I NSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Concepts of OOP- Chapter - 2

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Sheetal Macwan
CP DEPARTMENT

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 Syllabus: Ch-2
Concepts of OOP:
Introduction OOP,
Procedural Vs. Object OrientedanProgramming,
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Principles of OOP, h e eta l M
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Benefits and applications of OOP
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Introduction

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Procedural Oriented Programming
MAIN PROGRAM GLOBAL DATA

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FUNCTION 1 FUNCTION l 2a
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Division into functions

FUNCTION 4 FUNCTION 5

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 Why OOP?

Save development time (and cost) by reusing

code
once an object class is created it can be used in
other applications
Easier debugging
classes can be tested independently
reused objects have already been tested

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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Object 2
Object 1

Data c wan Data

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Function S Function
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Object 3

Data

Function

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 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Objects have both data and methods

Objects of the same class have the same data elements and methods
Objects send and receive messages
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Key idea in object-oriented:

The real world can be accurately described as a collection of objects that

interact.

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Object-oriented programming
• OOP defines classes to represent “Class Car”
these things.
• Classes can contain data public interface
and methods (internal functions). a c wan
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• Classes control access Shto
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data and methods. A public
interface is used by external code
when using the class.
• This is a highly effective way of
modeling real world problems inside
of a computer program.
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private data and methods
Principles of OOP

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 Design Principles of OOP

Four main design principles of Object-Oriented

Programming(OOP):

Encapsulation
Abstraction
Polymorphism
Inheritance

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Encapsulation

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 Encapsulation

Also known as data hiding

Only object’s methods can modify information in the
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Analogy:
ATM machine can only update accounts of one person
or object only.

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SUMMARY - Encapsulation (Data Hiding)
This principle states that all important information is contained
inside an object and only selected information is exposed.

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The implementation and state l M aof each
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Other objects do not have access to this class or the authority to

make changes.
They are only able to call a list of public functions or methods.
This characteristic of data hiding provides greater program
security and avoids unintended data corruption.
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Abstraction
Focus only on the important facts about the problem at
hand to design, produce, and describe so that it can be
easily used without knowing the details of how it works.

Analogy: c wan
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When you drive aShcar,
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gasoline and air mixed and ignited.
Instead you only have to know how to use the controls.

Draw map

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Inheritance
Inheritance—a way of organizing classes

Term comes from inheritance of traits like eye color,

hair color, and so on.
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Classes with properties
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that their common properties are only defined once.

Superclass – inherit its attributes & methods to the

subclass(es).

Subclass – can inherit all its superclass attributes &

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An Inheritance Hierarchy

Superclass
Vehicle
Subclasses an
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Automobile rof Sh Motorcycle Bus
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Sedan Sports Car Luxury Bus School Bus

What properties does each vehicle inherit from the types

of vehicles above it in the diagram?

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 Polymorphism
the same word or phrase can mean different things in
different contexts
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Analogy: h e e
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In English, bank can mean side of a river or a place to
deposit money
move -

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BENEFITS
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Benefits of OOP

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Benefits of OOP

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Modularity. Encapsulation enables objects to be self-
contained, making troubleshooting and collaborative
development easier.
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Reusability. Code can ebe etal reused through inheritance,
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meaning a team does
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multiple times.

Productivity. Programmers can construct new

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Easily upgradable and scalable. Programmers can
implement system functionalities independently.

Interface descriptions. Descriptions

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systems are simple,
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techniques that are used for objects communication.

Security Using encapsulation and abstraction, complex

code is hidden, software maintenance is easier and
internet protocols are protected.
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Flexibility. Polymorphism enables a single function to
adapt to the class it is placed in.
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Different objects can also pass through the same
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interface.

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Areas for application of OOP

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Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
· Pure OO Languages a c wan
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Smalltalk,
h e e Eiffel, Actor, Java, Ruby,
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Scala, JADE, Emerald

· Hybrid OO Languages
C++, Objective-C, Object-Pascal

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Programming languages designed primarily for OOP include:
Java
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Other programming languages that pair with OOP include:

Visual Basic .NET
PHP
JavaScript
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