Circular Motion, Work

3 Energy && Power

1. Work: dy dv
ay =
dt

ds
M

Work = Fds 5. Vertical Circular Motion:

ds = displacement of
position of point of
application of force along direction of force.
If force is variable
I(1-cos)
W, =Fds =Area under F/s Graph.
W=+ve W=0 " v= u'- 2gl(1- cose)
W=-ve
Kinetic Energy No change || Kinetic Energy mu?
Increases in KE. decreases T= - 2mg +3mg cose
2. Work Energy Theorem: 2gl-u?
" Angular Amplitude COSO =
WTotal =KE, - KE, 2g!
WGraviy t mgh 6. Motion of body outside spherical surface:
(+) ’ Particle goes down.
()’ Particle goes up " R(l-cos0)
h’ Vertical distance
RI
frictionJS
S’ Length travelled
f’ Kinetic friction " v=u+2gR(1- cos0)
Wspring -) " N=3mgcos® mu'
3. Power = F.y
R .-2mg
2 73/2 7. v for VCM =J5gR
min

R
4. Radius of curvature = R= R

d
 "Lone VSpp 9. Relation between potential energy
and force
In this case where

F= 0z
Ox dy
consecrative = -(U, -U)
Wexternalslowly =U,-U,
VLowest = v=5gR
Where Uis potential energy.
J4gR.Ifin case string is 10. Equilbrium and types
for VCM=
S. min
byRod.
replaced

T=0
r.
R Equilibrium position F =0
Circular
131º du
=0
R dr
Typeof Equilibrium Motio,
(a) Stable (Min of Ulr) (b) unstable (Max of Ur)
U= V4gR d'u Work
<0

BMerzy
ExERCISE QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions
1Afixed polygon has n sides, each side of length a. Athread of
length na is fixed to one corner of the polygon and on the other side
thread is attached to ball. Thread is made straight perpendicular to
one of the sides AB. Ball is given a velocity Vperpendicular to the
B
thread, parallel to the side AB as shown. Then the time after which
it will collide with the polygon is: (AB is the side of the
polygon
and neglect gravity)
(a) (n+1)

(b) (n t+ 1)

(c) 3TUna+ 2a
2V

() 3runa-2Tra
2V
 in a circle of radius R with initial
2. Aparticle is revolving
constant retardation
u spe d
Itstarts retarding with
8TuR
4TR The nunber
revolutions it makes in time
1S:

(a) 3
(b) 4
(d) Nonc of these
(c) 2
3. Awheel has eight equally spaced, very thin spokes of length
which is perpendicular to
It is rotating about axis O0'
and passingthrough centre, with 2.5 rps. We want to passs a20
axis and without hitting,any
long arrow parallel to the of the arrow? spoke.W
should be the minimum velocity
(b) 4 m/s
(a) 3 m/s
(d) 6 m/s
(c) 5 m/s
4. One end of light rope is connected| with stand of mass Mand ot
end is connected with a bob of mass m, and string is1revolving w
constant angular velocity o as shown in figure. Length of string
land coefficient of friction between stand and ground iis u. Choo
the correct statement(s):
(a) Limiting value of friction does not dependi on angular velocity
q1/4
m,
then stand does not rema
(b)
in equilibrium.

(c) If o< then bob does not perform uniform horizomt

circular motion.

(d) Constant friction force can't act on stand if bob perfor

uniform horizontal circular motion.

5. In the arrangement shown in figure initially the block of mas

is in limiting equilibrium. The coefficient of friction between t
blocks of mass m, and floor is u. Now m, is given a horizont
velocity v, the initial distance between pulley m, is l. Choos
|m correct option(s):
(a) Acceleration of m,,just after the velocity given is

(b) Acceleration of m, just after the velocity given is (I+u2

(c) Radius of curvature of path ofm, just after the velocity grve
is (1 + )
gve
(d) Radius of curvature of path of m, just after the velocity
is 2(1 + )
 Ablock of mass 2M is altached to a massless spring with 2M
SNetant A This bloCk is connected to two other blocks of springM
masses
and 2Musing twO massless pulleys and strings. The accelerations
of the hlocks are d,. 0, and o, as shown in figure. The
system is
relcased from rest with the spring in its
unstretched state. The
maNimum cxtcnsion of the spring is Which of the following
antion(s) is are cOTeCt? (g Is the acceleration due to gravity. M Ja,
neglect friction] 2M
4Mg
(a)

(b) When spring achieves an extension of 0 for the first time,

2
the speed of the block connected to the spring is M

(c) a, - a, =a, - a,
d At an extension of of the spring, the magnitude of
4
acceleration of the block connected to the spring is 3g Circnlar
10

1 A particle of mass m is given a velocity V, on a rough horizontal

Surface. The coefficient of friction between the particle and surface Motion,
is u. There is also a variable external force acts on the particle given
as F= klv where k is a positive constant and v is instantaneous Wrk
velocity. The directions of force at any instant is perpendicular to Energy
velocity. The particle moves in an instantaneously circular path of
variable radius then
&
(a) The time taken by the particle to stop is v,/ug. Power
(b) The time taken to reduce the angle between the acceleration
2m
and the velocity from 60° to 30° is
V3k
2

(c) The total distance covered by the particle is

2ug
m Hgt
(d) The radius ofcurvature ofthepath at any time t is k

8. Asmall block of mass 4 kg is projected with a velocity of 4 m/s oi...

towards a smooth circular track on smooth ground. 6
(a) The normal force just after A is 2.6 times the normal force just lm
before A. 4kg 4m/s
(6) The speed just before leaving circular track is v6 m/s
(C) The maximum height reached by the block from point A is
0.8 m.
(a) Angle AOB is 60°.

39
 ). Ablock of mass mis connected to a
at rest and the spring
Initially the block
Now the system is relcased in (spring cOnslam
spring is in its
force Fis applied on the uppergravitational
end of
downward acceleration of theeblock is the
natural van
field anda
time clapses and a =I m/s,,the given asspria=ng such
of the force is (upward directionvelocity
(a)
of the point
is positive):
(b) m
g-ol,whaperleica
oi
m k 2 k -+g+ 2
ma
(c) (d)
k 2 k

10. Aballis hanging vertically by alight inextensible

B
Lfrom fixed point 0.The ball of mass is
given
of
aspeed ua string
lowest position such that it completes a vertical circle
60 at Oas shown. Let AB be adiameter of ocircular path of with cen
an angle 60° with vertical as shown, then ball mak
(a) The difference in kinetic energy of ball at
is mgL. positions A
Supernova
Physics u
m
(b) The difference in value of tension in string at positiony
and B will be 3mg.
(c) If the accelerations of ballat positions and B willbe à.
as then the value of |a,+as | willbe 7g.
(d) The difference in centripetal force at the
positions Aand
will be 2mg.
11. A bead slides on a fixed frictionless wire bent in
y ahorizontal semicircle of radius R, as shown in figure
addition to any normal forces exerted by the wire, the be
is subjected to an external force that points directly av
from origin and depends on distance r from the oriz
according to the formula
’X

(a) Given force is a central force.

(b) Given force is a conservative force.

(c) Work done by external force as bead leaves the track is 3

(d) Speed of bead as it leaves the wire is 18F,R,

3m

Paragraph Type Questions

Passage for (Q. 1-3): Ablock of mass mis pushed down a fixed rou
2
D inclined plane (coefficient of friction u=) from initial position AW
Fixed 3
)30° initial velocity v,. The block travels a distance D and stops at position

40
 1. The energy dissipated due to kinetic
the initial power delivered by friction up to position Band
(a) equal to
gravitation force respectively are:
and equal to mg,
(b) more than
mand equal to mg'o
(c) Less than
mv and equal to mg'o
1
(d less than mv and equal to

,The decrease in gravitational

Smglo
potential energy is:
(a)
(b) m
(c)
2(2-/3) (d) my,
3. The average power of the
gravitational force is
mgo
(a)
2 (b) mgo
(c) mgo
4 (d) J3mgv
Dossage for (Q.4-6): There is a light pan 2(2-V3)
of spring constant 1O00 N/m and there are connected with alight spring 10 kg30 kg/
two blocks of mass 10 Ke and
30 Kg put on it and the system is in
equilibrium. The given system is
shown in diagram. (Neglect any rotational 000000
effect) g = 10 m/sec'. K= 1000 Nm
4. If10Kg block is removed from the
pan, then the maximum height
attained by 30 Kg block will be
(a) 20 cm (b) 40 cm
(c) 60 cm (d) 30 cm
If 30 Kg block is removed instead of 10
kg from the pan then
maximum height attained by 10Kg block will be
(a) 40 cm (b) 60 cm
(c) 80 cm (d) None of these
6. Maximum velocity of the block 10 Kg, when 30 Kg
removed is block is
(a) 3m/s (b) 6 m/s
(c) 8 m/s (d) 10 m/s
Passage for (Q.7-9): Abody of mass mis
the influence of conservative force with a moving along x-axis under
-CT
potential energy given by
U(r)= Where c and a are positive constants. When displaced
r+a
slightly from stable equilibrium position x = x, it will
experience
Testoring force proportional to its displacement, the force constant being
 1. The magnitudeof force ismaximum at:
(a) 0 (b) x ta
() no value of x
N. The body is in stable equilibrium at
(a) r-0 (b) ta
(c) -u (d) bothx ta
9. Ifbody is at x x, where
(i) (i) X- tu
(ii) x, u.
Ifit is displaced slightly towards right,,it will
force in experience restorin,
(a) allthe three cases (b) case (i)only
(c) case (iüi)only (d) cases (i) and (ii)
only
Matching List Questions
1. Afixed hollow cylinder of radius R = 30 /3 m with ite..
horizontal is as shown. AB is a horizontal diameter of she
RO .s....m A
cross-section andCis the lowest point. Asmall block of
m=lkg is released at rest from point Ainside the cylinder Th
is no friction between block and cylinder. Match the statement
column-I with results incolumn-II.
Column-I
Columa
(A) Magnitude of maximumvertical component (p) 20
of velocity of block in m/s is
(B) The magnitude of centripetal acceleration (g) 0
(in m/s)of block at the instant acceleration
of block is vertical, willbe
(C) The magnitude of normal reaction (in N) by ()
cylinder on block at the instant acceleration 10/3
of block is horizontal, will be
(D) The magnitude of normal reaction (in N) by (s) 30
cylinder on block at the instant acceleration
of block is vertical, will be
2. Asmall hook of mass n passes through a smooth wire bent in the
form of horizontal circle (fixed) of radius R.The hook is connecta
to aspring whose other end is fixed at point Aon the circular wirea
600
shown in diagram. The natural length of the spring is Rand sprin
O000000-hook
|m constant is " . Initiallythe hook is slightlydisplaced from res
R
from position Bwhich is diametrically opposite to point 4. The hoo
moves along the circular arc from position B to C. [N =noma
reaction between circular wire and hook and V= speed of hook

42
 Column-I

(P) N mg () Column-II
Atposition B
(Q) V zero (2) Atposition C
Total acceleration is (3)
(R)
Zero Somewhere
and C between B
(S) V-gR (4) Never bctween B and C

In the given setup, a block is placed on

1,
surface,the cords, springs and pulleys are ideal and
frictionless horizontal Spring I P Spring 2
constant k. Initially all the each spring VOO000000
has spring springs are in natural length P
OO0000 F mg
rest. Now aconstant
and block is at horizontal force F= mg O000
horizontal direction such applied
onthe block in that block only
Column-I
translate.
Column-II
A. When acceleration of block I. Speed of block is
is zero,
g 10m
3 k
B When acceleration of block II. Ratio of Circular
is maximum in magnitude
energy stored
in spring (1) to spring
and towards fixed wall, (2) is 1/4.
C. When magnitude of III. Displacement Motion,
of
acceleration of block is
pulley P, is 2/5 times
1/3 times of magnitude of of displacement of
maximum acceleration. Work
block.
D. When displacement of IV. Displacement of block Energy
4mg
pulley P, is
9k
is 10mg
9k &
V. Displacement of pulley Power
P, is 2mg
3k

Numericals & Subjective Questions

1. Suppose that, while lying on.a beach near the equator watching
the Sun set over a calm Ocean, you start a stopwatch just as the
top of the Sun disappears. You then stand, elevating your eyes by
a height H= 1.8 m, and stop the watch when the top of the Sun
again disappears.
If the elapsed time is t= 10s, what is the radius r (in km) of Earth?
(Take: 1²= 10)
2. Two very long rods rotate with constant angular velocities o and 2o
around parallel axes, passing through their ends Aand B(Fig.). The
distance between the axes is 1 m. At the initial moment both rods
are directed to the right. Find the speed of the point of intersection
O(in m/s) at time t= N60 after the start. o = 4 rad/s.
A B

43
 L An ant starts from rest from
point 'P' and
,-5
cm0
move with
acceleration a, towards the center of disc 0',w.r.t. to

dvalCoueecnresdiaiassnce.t"sR ang
mid-point ofOP and|in ground frame speed of ant
(o Rand then it increases. Here disc is rotating with fr
velocity 2rad/scc and its radius is 50 cm. Then the o a,
is (Refer Fig.: 3.3)
R
with constant
4. Acaris accelerating horizontally
o=2rad/sce

and there is asmall bob at other end of string. The

ac ebobleraIon
m/s'. One cnd of alight string is attached to the roof of
is
he ce
Fig.: 3.3 initial velocity such that it continues to move in unifortngive
motion with respect to an observer inside the car. The
such the maximum vertical separation between two
is 5 points
path is h= Im.The length of the string mand acceler
2

due to gravity g =1Om/s². If the angular speed of the bob in t

B
is Jx,find the value ofx.

5. Amajor part of inner surface of avertical smooth, fixedoi

tube of radius Sm is removed as shown. Aparticle is
from lowest position with minimum velocity such th¡tprnoje.
Supernova
Pliysies Sm
just can complete vertical circular motion. Ratio of normal f
acting on the particle at lowest position to highest posit
llx (0 = cos-1=6 and width of tube is small). Then value of.
A
Fig.: 3.5 (Refer Fig.: 3.5)

6. Acylinder of radius Ris rotating about its horizontal axis with cons
.A block of mass m is kept on the inner surface of
VR
cylinder. Block is moving in vertical circular motion without sli
co-efficient of friction between block and surface of cylinde
. If minimum value of u for complete vertical circular motio
block is
2/6 then find 'x'.
3x

7. Uniform rod mass mand length initially horizontal . is s

motion such that COM of the rod gets velocity vvertically up
1
where n
and angular velocity o such that - (2nx+)
2 0
integer. The whole situation is shown in the figure.

Radius of curvature of the path of particle situated at end A

COM is at highest point of its path is

R= Here a is an integer. Find a.

a2g+o'e)
44
 Aparticleis projected with a specd of 10 m/s at an angle 37
horizontal. angular speed of
from particle with respect to point of
js 16X
projection at /=0.5 sec. 61 |rad/sec then calculate X: ) =constant

9. Two
identical rings which can slide along the rod are
kept near
the midpoint of asmooth rod of length 2. The rod is rotated with
constant angular velocity oabout vertical axis
passingthroughits
centre. The rod| is at height "h' from the
ground. Find the distance
between the points on the ground where the rings will fall after Fig.: 3.9
leavingthe rods. (Refer Fig.: 3.9)
small bead of mass mis given an initial
10. A velocity of magnitude
V, onthe horizontal circular track made wire. The
of
coefficient
of kinetic friction is . Acceleration due to gravity is 'g'. Here m
he friction force depends on the net normal force on bead. Find
distancetravelled before bead comes to rest. You can use the
result
of following integration:

vdv

1 Arod AB is moving on a fixed circle of radius R with constant

velocity 'v' as shown in figure. Pis the point of intersection ofthe
rod and the circle. At an instant the rod is at a distance x = 3R
5
from centre of the circle. The velocity of the rod is perpendicular
to the rod and the rod is always parallel to the diameter CD.
(a) Find the speed of point of intersection P. D; B
(b) Find the angular speed of point of intersection Pwith respect
to centre of the circle.

12. Avertical frictionless semicircular track of radius Im is fixed

on the edge of a movable trolley as shown in the figure. Initially m

the system is at rest and a mass m is kept at the top of the track.
The trolley starts moving to the right with a uniform horizontal
acceleration a = 2g/9. The mass slides down the track, eventually
losing contact with it.
Calculate the angle with vertical at which it loses contact with
the trolley.
3. Aparticle is moving around a circle of radius Rin the x-y plane.
Duing the motion, neither the x-nor the y-component of the
particle'svelocity exceeds v. Find the minimum possible period
of revolutions
 14. Two spiders,Alex and Ben,.participate in afriendly
chase. They
alarge circle of radius Ron the ifloor. Alex starts out on the circle
Ben at the center of the circle. They begin to run
all times, Alex runs along the circle at aspced vwhile
toward Alex at a speced u(u <v). After a while. Ben
distance between them is no longer changing. What
simBenunoiltannunsceesonshdiyr.ea
distance?

15. Trying to set a speed record, a motorcyclist is taking off

on a circular horizontal track. What fraction of the from
track wil ,
re
covered before the maximum possible speed is
achieved,
motorcycle is handledinthe optimal way? Assume
acceleration constant during
is the motion. magnitude
16. Asmall object loops a vertical loop from which a

H
B minimsyummmetheirngch
section of angle 2a has been removed. Findthe
from which the object after losing contact with the loop at
point
and flying through air will reach point B. Find the
Physics
Supernova angle of the section removed for which this is possible. correspondin,
17. Astring is wrapped over a fixed horizontal cylinder of radius
66
and its other end is connected to a point mass, which hanos i
such that 1.2 mlength of string is free. Find minimum veloci
(in m/s) given to mass perpendicular to length of cylinder, so t
string never gets slack before wrapping over cylinder complete
once. (Take g=9.8 m/s)
side view

.2m 1.2m

18. Aman of height h,=2 mis bungeejumping fromaplatform situat

at a height h= 25 mabove a lake. One end of an elastic rope i
attached to his foot and the other end is fixed to the platform. H
starts falling from rest in vertical position. The length and elasti
properties of the rope are chosen so that his speed will have be
reduced to zero at instant when his head reaches the surface o
water. Ultimately the jumper is hanging from the rope with
head &m above the water. Find the maximum acceleration achieve
Fig.: 3.18 during the jump in m/s (take g = 10 m/s') (Refer Fig.: 3.18)
46
 Alonghelixis made of athin metal wire. The axis of the hclix is
radius
19.
vertical. Theadjacentof the loops of the helix is r; and the
hetweenthe loops is d. Asmall bead distance
Eventually. the bead reaches a begins to slide down
the helix. constant
coefticient of kinetic
friction k between the beadspced v. Find the
and the helix.
(Refer Fig.: 3.19)
thrill-secking student
A 80.0m above jumps ofr a bridge from
H=
the water level. The student isthe height
the bridge by an elastic cord so that
she
attached
velocity just as
she touches the
water. After Some reaches zero
up-and-down Fig.: 3.19
bouncing, the student
eventually comes to rest h = 20.0 m
above the water level. What is the
bythe student during the fall? maximum speed reached
Neglect air resistance and
use
10.0 m/s² for the acceleration due to
21. A
gravity.
smallballis hung as shown on a string of length /. What minimum
horizontal speed must be given to the ball so that it
hits the pivot
point? (Refer Fig.: 3.21)
22. Asmall
bucket rests at the bottom of a pit that has a depth Circular
h. A
winch with an elastic cord is used to lift
the bucket out of the pit. y=?
Oe end of the cord is attached to the bucket; the Fig.: 3.21
other end is
attached to the drum of the winch. There is a mark on Motion,
the cord at
he height 0.8 h from the bottom of the pit. The cord is vertical and
eolaxed but taut. The winch begins to rotate slowly. It is noticed
that the bucket loses contact with the ground just as the mark on the Work
Rord reaches the drum. How much work is done by that
moment?
There is not friction between from and the cord. Mass of the bucket Energy
iS m.
2 Ablock of mass M can slide without friction along a horizontal
&
table. A simple pendulum of mass m and length l is mounted on Power
the block so that it can swing freely in the vertical plane. The
nendulum is released from the horizontal position as shown. Find
M
the maximum tension of the string during the subsequent motion of
the pendulum. Assume that thestring is light and that the pendulum Fig.: 3.23
bob is very small. (Refer Fig.: 3.23)
24. Aparticle attached to the end of a light string of length L forms a
simple pendulum. Ahorizontal pin is located an unknown distance
ddirectly underneath the pivot point. The particle is held so that
the string is taut and horizontal and then released. What is the
minimum distance d that would allow the string to wrap around
the pin at least once?
25. Amass m is being lifted upward by means of a vertical spring of
torce constant k, with a uniform upward acceleration a. If at the

instant its velocity is g, the upper end of the spring

IS Suddenly brought to rest, calculate the maximum compression
in the spring.

47
 26. Consider a uniform spring of mass M, unstretched length L, and
spring constant k. It's one end is fixed and other end moving with
Speed v. Calculate the kinetic energy of the spring in terms of M
and v.
27. Aring of mass 'm' can slide along a fixed rough vertical rod
shownin fig. The ring is connected by a spring of spring constant
k= 4mg where 2R is the natural length of spring. The other end
R
00000000000
of spring is fixed to the ground at point Aat a horizontal distance
of 2R from the base of therod. If the ring is released from aheight
3R/2
3R
of
2
it reaches the ground with a speed /3gR find co-efficient
of friction between the rod and the ring.
2R
28. Two particle Aand B moving in straight line, A is acted upon by
constant force, while work is being done at a constant rate on B.
If the velocities of both the particles have doubled of their initial
values (which is same for both) after traversing the same distance
then, find the ratio of the time taken by them.
Physics
Supernova
 ANSWER KEYS
TIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MUL
2. (c) 3. (6) 4. (a, b, C, d) 5.
1.(c) (a, c) 6. (c) 7. (a, b, c) 8. (a. b, d)
9.(a) 10. (a, b, c, ) 11. (a, b, c)
PARAGRAPH TYPE QUESTIONs
I.(b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 9. (dy
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b)
TCHING LIST QUESTIONS
MA
(D) q.s
1. (A) p (B) p.q (C)r
2.(P)l(QA
(R)I(S)2
III, IV, ; B>II, IIl; C>II, II; D->l, II, II, IV, V
3. A ’1, II,
NUMERICALS &SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
6719 2. 8.00 3. 1.00 4. 10.00 5. 1.00 6. 8.00 7. 2.00 8. 2.00
1. 6778 to
2h
9.2,/y + (r + )' x=y=,
10.
2u gr

1
5 5V 4V2R 15.
I1. (a) V,=4V(b) 12. 37° 13. T = 14.
4R

avl+a d and B=
17. 7.00 18. 40.00 19. k - where o. =
16. Hpin = R(1+\2), a=45° 2Tur rg

mgh
20.V_ =34.14 m/s 21. V=2+43)g
22.W = M
8

24.
d = 0.46 to 0.47 25. mgta-s) 26. mV²
6
27. | = 8(3-4 n2)

28. 4 28
I, 27