NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NAST Secondary School

Dhangadhi-04,Uttar Behadi Kailali
SAMPLE MODEL QUESTIONS
Grade: 12 F.M-75
Faculty: Science P.M- 27
Course : Physics (PHY. 1021) Time: 3 hrs.
SET-1

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The
figures in the margin indicate full marks.

GROUP-A
Multiple Choice Questions [11 x 1 =11]
Attempt ALL Questions By Rewriting The Best Answer.

1) A person standing on a rotating platform with his arms out stretched, suddenly lowers his
arms. Then his angular speed:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains unchanged d) Becomes zero
2) The value of g decrease by 0.1% on a mountain as compared to sea level. To record proper
time by means of simple pendulum, its length must be:
a) Increased by 0.1% b) Decreased by 0.1%

c) Increased by 0.2% d) Decreased by 0.2%

3) A liquid rises to a hight 'h' in a capillary tube of radius r. If the radius of capillary be 3r, the
same liquid will rise to a height of:
a) h b) 1.5 h c) 3h d) h/3
4
4) A gas (𝛾 = 3 ) at pressure P is compressed to one-eighth of it's initial volume adiabatically;
then pressure will change to :
a) 32P b) 8P c) 4P d) 16P
5) A thermodynamic system is taken through the cycle ABCD as shown in figure. Heat
rejected by the gas during the cycle is :
 a) 4PV b) 2PV c) PV d) PV/2
6) What is the phase difference between the waves represented by y= a sin (wt-kx) and y=
a cos(wt-kx)?
a) 𝜋/2 b) 𝜋 c) 3𝜋/2 d) 2𝜋
7) A wave front is a locus of :
a) Constant amplitude b) constant intensity

c) constant phase d) constant wavelength

8) At neutral temperature, the thermoelectric power is :

a) Zero b) one c) Maximum d) Minimum
9) A straight Conductor carrying a current I is split into identical semicircular loops of
radius 'r' as shown in figure. The magnetic induction at the centre C of the circular loop
is :

𝜇0 𝑖 𝜇0 𝑖 𝜇0 𝑖
a) b) c) d) Zero
4𝑟 8𝑟 2𝑟
10) For which of the following substance the susceptibility obeys curie law :
a) Diamagnetic substance b) Paramagnetic substance

c)` Ferromagnetic substance d) Superconductor

11) Which of the following seismic wave is the fastest of all seismic waves?
a) P-wave b) S-wave c) Rayleigh wave d) Love-wave

GROUP-B
Short Answer Questions [ 8x 5 = 40]
Attempt ALL Questions.

12) a) Define coefficient of viscosity. Write down its CGS and SI units. [ 1]
b)' A metal plate of area 2.5X10-4 m2 is placed on a 0.25X10-3 m thick layer of caster oil
at 200C. If a force of 2.5 N is needed to move the plate with a velocity 3X10-2 m/s;
calculate the coefficient of viscosity of caster oil. [3]
c) Does the viscosity change if the temperature becomes 300C? Explain. [1]
13) a) Define the terms: couple and moment of a couple. Derive an expression for the work
done by the couple. [3]
b) Can a system have rotational K.E without having angular momentum? Can a system
have angular momentum without having rotational K.E? [1]
c) If the radius of the earth suddenly doubles, how will the duration of a day change?
[1]
OR,
 a) What is simple pendulum? The time period of a simple pendulum is one second; what
does it mean? [2]
b) A pendulum clock shows accurate time. If the length in summer increases by 0.1% ;
deduce the error in time per day. [2]
c) On what factors does it's time period depend ? [1]

14) a) Define harmonics in music. [1]

b) Show that vibrations produced by open end organ pipe have frequencies, integral
multiple of fundamental frequency. [3]

c) What is the cause to be end correction in organ pipe ? [1]

15) Refrigerator is a heat pump that removes the heat from lower temperature body to
higher temperature surrounding.
a) Does it violate the second law of thermodynamics? Explain. [2]
b) Show the schematic diagram of working of refrigerator. [2]
c) At what condition, the COP is infinity. Does it realize in practice? [1]

OR,

An ideal gas is taken round the cycle ABCA as shown in PV diagram.

a) What does AB and CA represent in thermodynamic process ? [2]

b) Which thermodynamic process is not work process ? [1]
c) What is the total work done during the cycle? [2]
2
16) a) Which physical quantity has the unit Wb/m ? Is it a scalar or vector quantity? [1]
b)' Deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
carrying circular loop of radius 'a' distant 'x' from the centre. [3]
c) Hence write the magnetic field at the centre of a loop. [1]

17) a) State Lenz law. [1]

b) Lenz law is consistent with principle of conservation of energy. Explain. [2]
c) A bar magnet is positioned near a coil of wire as shown in figure.
 What is the direction of the current through the resistor when the magnet is moved (i) to
the left (ii) to the right ? Interpret your answer. [2]
18) a) Draw the circuit diagram for reverse biasing of PN junction diode. [2]

b) How can you convert pulsating DC into smooth DC? [1]

c) Write down the circuit and truth table of AND gate. [2]
19) a) What is radioactive carbon dating? [1]
b) How would you estimate the age of an ancient object? [2]
c) Find the half life and average life of a radioactive sample whose disintegration constant is
2.31X10-3 per day. [2]
OR,
a) what are X-rays ? [1]
b) How can the quality and intensity of X-rays be controlled? [2]
c) Calculate the energy in electron volt and velocity of electron beam giving rise to X-ray
of wavelength 1A0. [2]

GROUP-C
Long Answer Questions [3x8 = 24]
Attempt ALL Questions.

20) a) Describe Young's double slit experiment for the interference of light. [2]

b) And hence show that widths of bright and dark fringes are the same. [2]

c) A light source emits visible light of two wavelength 𝜆= 430 nm and 𝜆'= 510 nm. The
source is used in double slit experiment in which D= 1.50m and d= 0.025 mm. Find the
separation between the third order fringes. [3]

d) Does this separation change if experiment is performed in water in place at air? [1]

21) In a typical LCR circuit the plot of emf(E ) and current(i) with time is as shown in figure
below.
a) Is the phase constant, positive or negative? Give reason. [2]
b) Draw phasor diagram for the given case. [2]
c) Is the circuit more inductive or more capacitive? Explain. [2]
d) To increase the rate at which energy is transferred to the resistive load, should 'L' be
increased or decreased ? [2]
OR,
a) What is the principle of potentiometer? [1]
b) Using potentiometer, how can you measure internal resistance of a cell ? [3]
c) Why is a voltmeter always connected in parallel ? [1]
d) Using Kirchoff's laws, determine the currents I1, I2, and I3 in the following network. [3]

22) a) An electron of charge 'e' and mass 'm' be moving in a circular path of radius 'r' inside
magnetic field 'B' as shown in figure:

(i) Prove that frequency and time period are independent of velocity of electron. [3]
(ii) On what factors frequency depends? [1]
14 -19
b) Light of frequency 5X10 Hz liberate electrons with energy 2.31 X 10 J from
certain metallic surface. What is the wavelength of ultraviolet light which liberates
electrons of energy 8.39 X 10-19 J from the same surface? (h= 6.62X10-34 JS; C= 3X108
m/s ) [3]
c) The work function of the metal is 1.65 eV. What does it mean? [1]

OR,

a) What is Higgs particle? Why is it called GOD particle ? [2]

b) Mention some important properties of Higgs particle. [2]
 c) Distinguish between internal seismic wave and surface seismic wave. [2]
d) Describe Gorkha earthquake which was occurred in 2072 BS. [2]

BEST OF LUCK !!!

SET-2

GROUP-A
Multiple Choice Questions [11 X 1 = 11]
Attempt ALL Questions By Rewriting The Best Answer.

1) Which of the following quantity must be conserved when the torque acting on a system
is zero?
a) Kinetic Energy b) Linear Momentum
c) Angular Kinetic Energy d) Angular Momentum
2) In case of SHM with amplitude A, at what point K,E. and P.E. are equal ?
𝐴 3𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑎) b) c) d)
2 4 4 √2

3) Water flows through a hole of area 1 mm2 made at the bottom of the vessel. If water
comes out with velocity 2 m/s; the instantaneous height of water in the vessel is :
a) 5 cm b) 10 cm c) 20 cm d) 40 cm
4) Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic process shown in figure is :

a) 107𝜋 J b) 104 𝜋 J c) 102 𝜋 J d) 103 𝜋 J

5) The efficiency of a Carnot engine working between ice point and steam point is :
a) 73.8 % b) 58.9 % c) 36.9 % d) 26.8 %
6) A progressive wave equation is y = 0.25 sin(100𝜋t + 0.25𝜋x); where 'x' and 'y' are in
meter and 't' is in second. Wavelength of the wave is :
a) 2 m b) 4 m c) 8 m d) 16 m
7) If yellow light emitted by sodium lamp in Young's double slit experiment is replaced by
blue light of same intensity then :
a) Fringe width Increases b) Fringe width Decreases
 c) Fringe width Remains unchanged d) fringe becomes less intense

8) In Which of the following diagrams the currents are related by the equation I 1 + I3 - I5 =
I4 - I2?

a) b) c) d)
9) A long copper with tube of inner radius 'R' carries a current 'I'. The magnetic field inside
the tube is :

𝜇0 𝐼 𝜇0 𝐼 𝜇0 𝐼
a) b) c) d) Zero
4𝜋𝑅 2𝜋𝑅 2𝑅
10) Hysteresis property is shown for :
a) Diamagnetic & Paramagnetic substance b) Paramagnetic substance

c) Diamagnetic substance d) Ferromagnetic substance

11) Which of the following seismic wave is the most destructive of all seismic waves?
a) P-wave b) S-wave c) Rayleigh wave d) Love-wave

GROUP-B
Short Answer Questions [ 8x 5 = 40]
Attempt ALL Questions.

12) a) Hot soup is more tasty than a cold one, why? [ 1]

b) Calculate the work done in breaking a spherical drop of mercury of 1mm radius into
1000 droplets of the same size, the surface tension of mercury being 0.525 N/m . [3]
c) Why does oil rises into the wick of a lamp? [1]
13) The angular speed is inversely proportional to the moment of inertia; that is given by
the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
a) How will you distinguish between a boiled egg and a raw egg by spinning it on a table
top? [1]
b) A ballet dancer spins about a vertical axis at 1 rev/sec with her arms out stretched. With
her arms folded, her moment of inertia about the axis decreases by 40%, calculate the new
rate of revolution. [2]
c) If the radius of the earth suddenly doubles, how will the duration of a day change? [2]
OR,
a) What is simple harmonic motion? How it is different than linear motion? [2]
b) Consider the vertical mass-spring system illustrated as shown in figure. Where 'k' is
spring constant, 'y0' is extension produced due to mass 'm' and 'y' is the displacement
produced in the system due to external force. Find the time period of the system. [2]
 .
c)' What happens to the time period if mass is doubled? [1]

14) a) Why is antinode formed at open end of the pipe? [1]

b) Show that vibrations produced by closed end organ pipe have only frequencies odd
integral multiple of fundamental frequency. [3]

c) What would be the end correction of an open end organ pipe of diameter 1.50 cm?
[1]

15) Refrigerator is a heat pump that removes the heat from lower temperature body to
higher temperature surrounding.
a) Does it violate the second law of thermodynamics? Explain. [2]
b)'Show the schematic diagram of working of refrigerator. [2]
c)' At what condition, the COP is infinity. Does it realize in practice? [1]

OR,

An ideal gas is taken round the cycle ABCA as shown in PV diagram.

a) What does AB and CA represent in thermodynamic process ? [2]

b) Which thermodynamic process is not work process ? [1]
c) What is the total work done during the cycle? [2]
16) Hysteresis is the characteristic of ferromagnetic substance and is shown in graph as,
 a) What are 'ob' and 'oc' called ? [2]

b) Why the graph does not return back to 'o' from 'a' for reducing H?. [2]
c) What does tall and wide hysteresis loop give? [1]

17) Moving coil galvanometer is named from its construction principle

a) What is the principle of moving coil galvanometer? [2]
b) What is meant by high current sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer? How can we
increase it? [2]
c) Define 1 ampere of current in terms of force between two parallel current carrying
conductors. [1]
18) In the graph below,

a) What does the slope and intercept of 'V0' Versus 'f' graph give? [2]
b) Find the Planck's constant (h). [2]
c) Calculate the work function of a metal analyzing the graph. [1]
19) Millikan's oil drop experiment can be considered as the ground breaking invention in
modern physics.
a) What does it measure? [1]
b) How can upward and downward terminal velocity of oil drop be measured ? [2]
c) What is the value of charge on oil drop? [1]
d) How does this experiment verify the quantization of charge ? [1]
OR,
a) What is forward and reverse biasing of a junction diode? [2]
 b) Draw I-V characteristics of junction diode in forward biasing and hence find forward
resistance of junction diode using graph. [2]
c) Give any two applications of junction diode. [1]

GROUP-C
Long Answer Questions [3x8 = 24]
Attempt ALL Questions.

20) a) Describe Young's double slit experiment for the interference of light. [2]

b) And hence show that widths of bright and dark fringes are the same. [2]

c) In a Young's double slit experiment the separation of first to fifth fringes is 2.5 mm when
the wavelength of light used is 620 nm. The distance between slit and screen is 80 cm.
Calculate the separation of two slits. [3]

d) What will happen if one slit is covered in Young's double slit experiment? [1]

21) In the Series LCR circuit,

a) Find the impedance of the circuit. [2]
b) At what condition, resonance occurs? Write an expression for resonance frequency.
[2]
c) Draw the current versus frequency curve for the given situation. [1]
d) If R= 25 Ω, L=30 mH and C= 10 𝜇F and these elements are connected to 240 V a.c.
(rms) ; 50 Hz source. Calculate the current in the circuit and voltmeter reading across
a capacitor. [3]
OR,
Meter bridge is usually used to determine the resistance of a wire segment and to compare
the resistance of two wires.

a) On what principle does it work? State the principle. [2]

b) In the given meter bridge experiment, 𝑅 is variable and 𝑋 is unknown resistance in
the figure. Find what happens in 𝑙, if the value of 𝑅 is increased.
[2]
c) What happens if the polarity of battery is reversed? [1]
 d) Using Kirchoff's law, Derive the balanced condition of wheat stone bridge. [3]
22) a) Discuss the Coolidge tube experiment for the production of X-rays. [3]
b) Give some important properties and applications. [2]
c) An X-ray tube operates at 18 KV. Calculate the maximum speed of electron striking the
target. (Given, me = 9.1 X 10-31 Kg, e = 1.6 X 10-19 C) [2]
d) Describe X-ray as harmful radiations. [1]

OR,

a) What is radioactivity? [1]

-λt
b) Obtain N = No.e in Radioactive decay law. [3]
c) Describe the significance of decay curve showing the longest life time of radio-
isotopes. [2]
d) The half life of Radium is 1620 years. After how many years 25% of a Radium block
remains undecayed? [2]

BEST OF LUCK !!!

SET-3

GROUP-A
Multiple Choice Questions [11 X 1 = 11]
Attempt ALL Questions By Rewriting The Best Answer.

1) Which of the following quantity must be zero when angular momentum of a system is
conserved?
a) Kinetic Energy b) Linear Momentum c) Torque d) Angular Momentum
2) The density of ice is 0.9 g/cc and that of sea water is 1.1 g/cc. An ice berg of volume V is
floating in sea water, the fraction of iceberg above water level is:
1 2 3 4
a) b) c) d)
11 11 11 11
3) After terminal velocity is reached, the acceleration of a body falling through a fluid is:
a)Equal to g b) Less than g c) Greater than g d)Zero
4) Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic process shown in figure is :

a) 107𝜋 J b) 104 𝜋 J c) 102 𝜋 J d) 103 𝜋 J

 5) The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between ice point and steam point is :
a) 73.8 % b) 58.9 % c) 36.9 % d) 26.8 %
6) Which one of the following directly affects the quality of sound?
a) Shape of source b) Frequency c) Intensity d) Waveform
7) If yellow light emitted by sodium lamp in Young's double slit experiment is replaced by
blue light of same intensity then :
a) Fringe width Increases b) Fringe width Decreases

c) Fringe width Remains unchanged d) fringe becomes less intense

8) In given circuit, what is the value of I ?

a) 0.2 A b) 0.5 A c) 0.6 A d) 0.7 A

9) A coil having N turns and cross sectional area A carries current I. Which physical quantity
does the product NIA represent?
a) Magnetic flux of the coil

b) Magnetic flux density of the coil

c) Magnetic moment of the coil

d) Magnetic Susceptibility of the coil

10) Which of the following combination would give maximum e.m.f. ?

a) Ni & Cr b) Fe & Bi c) Cu & Fe d) Sb & Bi
11) Which of the following seismic wave is the slowest?
a) P-wave b) S-wave c) surface wave d) Tsunami

GROUP-B
Short Answer Questions [ 8x 5 = 40]
Attempt ALL Questions.

12) a) Define surface tension. [ 1 ]

b) Establish relation between surface tension & Surface energy. [ 2 ]
c) Two spherical raindrops of equal size are falling vertically through air with a certain
terminal velocity, explain how the terminal velocity of the new drop compares to the
original terminal velocity. [2]
13) a) Define angular momentum of a rigid body. [1]
b) If earth contracts half of it's radius, what would be the length of the days? [2]
c) Define torque and derive the relation between torque & moment of inertia? [2]
OR,
a) What is simple harmonic motion? How it is different than linear motion? [2]
b) Consider the vertical mass-spring system illustrated as shown in figure. Where 'k' is
spring constant, 'y0' is extension produced due to mass 'm' and 'y' is the displacement
produced in the system due to external force. Find the time period of the system. [2]

.
c) What happens to the time period if mass is doubled? [1]
14) a) What do you mean by end correction in pipes? Discuss it in closed end & open end
organ pipes. [2]
b) State laws of transverse vibration along stretched string. [2]

c) What happens to the frequency of transverse vibration of a stretched string if it's

tension is halved and the area of cross-section of the string is doubled? [1]

15) a) What do you mean by efficiency of heat engine? Explain. [2]

b) Can the Carnot's engine be realized in actual practice? Justify your answer. [1]
c) A refrigerator has to transfer an average of 263J of heat per second from temperature -
10 0C to 250C. Calculate the average power consumed assuming no energy losses in the
process. [2]
16) Hysteresis is the characteristic of ferromagnetic substance and is shown in graph as,
 a) What are 'ob' and 'oc' called ? [2]

b) Why the graph does not return back to 'o' from 'a' for reducing H? [2]

c) What does tall and wide hysteresis loop give? [1]

17) a) What is the value of torque on a rectangular coil in a uniform magnetic field? [1 ]
b) What is Helmholtz coil? How can we obtain uniform magnetic field from Helmholtz coil.
[2]
c) Calculate the magnetic field at the centre of a coil in the form of a square of side 4cm
carrying a current of 5A. [2]
18) a) State Planck's theory of quantum radiation. [1]
b) The plot if stopping potential versus the frequency of light used in an experiment on
photoelectric effect is shown in figure. Calculate (i) work function (ii) the ratio h/e.
[2]

c) Why does photoelectric emission does not take place if the frequency of incident
radiation is less than threshold value? [2]
19) a) State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. [2]
b) A coil of wire of a certain radius has 600 turns and a self inductance of 108 mH. What will
be the self inductance of another similar coil with 500 turns? [2]
c) What is the principle of transformer? [1]
OR,

a) State and explain Poiseuille's formula. [2]

b) Derive equation of continuity in Fluid dynamics. [2]
c) Explain the term velocity gradient in fluid motion. [1]

GROUP-C
Long Answer Questions [3x8 = 24]
Attempt ALL Questions.
20)' The diagram shows Young's double slit experiment performed with a tungsten filament
lamp as the light source.

a) For an interference pattern to be observed, the light has to be emitted by two coherent
sources. What is meant by coherent sources ? [1]

b) Define fringe width and hence show that widths of bright and dark fringes are the same.
[1+2]

c) In a Young's double slit experiment the separation of first to fifth fringes is 2.5 mm when
the wavelength of light used is 620 nm. The distance between slit and screen is 80 cm.
Calculate the separation of two slits. [3]

d) What will happen if one slit is covered in Young's double slit experiment? [1]

21) a) A capacitor blocks d.c. and allows a.c to flow through it, explain. [2]

b)' If the displacement equation of current and emf of A.C. in a circuit is I = I0 sinwt and E =
𝜋
E0 sin ( wt + ). Draw wave diagram and phasor diagram. [2]
2

c) If R= 25 Ω, L=30 mH and C= 10 𝜇F and these elements are connected to 240 V a.c. (rms) ;
50 Hz source. Calculate the current in the circuit and voltmeter reading across a capacitor.
[2]

d) Define power factor of LCR circuit. Calculate power factor in 10©. [2]

OR,
a) On what factors does the potential gradient of the potentiometer wire depend ? [2]
b) A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of 25Ω and indicates full scale deflection
when a current of 4 mA flows through it. How would this galvanometer be converted
(i) to a voltmeter of range 0-3 V (ii) to an ammeter of range 0-1 A.
[2]
c) State basic KCL & KVL. [1]
 d) Using Kirchoff's laws, determine the currents I1, I2, and I3 in the following network. [3]

22) a) What is radioactivity? Derive an expression N = No.e-λt in Radioactive decay law. [3]
b) A count rate meter used to measure activity of a radioactive element shows 895
counts/min and 10 minutes later 327 counts/min. find the decay constant, half life and
mean life. [3]
c)' What is the difference between electron and beta particle? [2]

OR,

a) The value of e/m is constant for cathode rays but not for positive rays, Why?
[2]
b) Calculate the radius of a water drop which would just remain suspended in an
electric field of 300 V/cm and charge with one electron. [3]
c) Sketch the diagram of charged water drop in the electric field. [2]
d) Calculate the force on the charged water drop. [1]

GOOD LUCK !!!

SET-4

GROUP-B
Short Answer Questions [ 8 X 5 = 40]
Attempt ALL Questions.

12) Wheatstone bridge circuit design is the best application of Kirchhoff's laws.
a) What are the two basic Kirchhoff's laws? Explain. [2]
b) Determine the current flowing through the galvanometer shown in the figure. [3]

13) a) What is Thermocouple? [1]

 b) What are the differences between Seebeck effect and Peltier's effect? [2]
1 2
c) The thermo emf in copper-iron thermocouple is given by E= 𝛼𝜃 + 𝛽𝜃 . Find the
2

neutral temperature & inversion temperature. (Given, 𝛼 = 14 𝜇𝑉/0C, 𝛽= - 0.04 𝜇𝑉/0C ).

[2]

OR,
a) What is Higgs field? Why Higgs particles are called GOD particle? [2]
b) Mention any two important properties of Higgs particle. [1]
c) Define Seismic wave. Why S-waves cannot travel through fluids? [2]
14) When a charge particle moves in a uniform magnetic field, it experiences a force called
the Lorentz force.
a) What is the vector representation of Lorentz force? [1]

b) Represent graphically the direction of 𝐹⃗ , 𝐵

⃗⃗ and 𝑣⃗. [2]

c) The direction of force from Fleming's left hand rule is for which nature of charge, positive
or negative? Write Lorenz fore for negative charge. [2]

15) An ideal gas is taken round the cycle ABCA as shown in PV diagram.

a) What does AB and CA represent in thermodynamic process? [2]

b) Which thermodynamic process is not work process? [1]
c) What is the total work done during the cycle? [2]

OR,
a) What is rectification? [1]
b) Explain rectifier circuit operation with two diodes. [3]
c) What happens when one of the diodes becomes functionless? [1]
16) a) State Biot-Savart's law in magnetism. [1]
b) Deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
carrying circular loop of radius 'a' distant 'x' from the centre. [3]
c)' Hence write the magnetic field at the centre of a loop. [1]

17) a) State Lenz law. [1]

b) Lenz law is consistent with principle of conservation of energy. Explain. [2]
 c) A bar magnet is positioned near a coil of wire as shown in figure.

What is the direction of the current through the resistor when the magnet is moved (i) to
the left (ii) to the right? Interpret your answer. [2]
18) a) Draw the circuit diagram for reverse biasing of PN junction diode with proper terminals
of diode. [2]
b) How can you convert pulsating DC into smooth DC? [1]
c) Construct a truth table for the circuit shown below including the states at D, E and Z. [2]

19) a) What is radioactive carbon dating? [1]

−𝜆𝑡
b) Obtain N=N0.𝑒 in radioactive decay law. [2]
c) A student measured the activity of a sample of radioactive rock. His results are presented
in the graph. Determine the half-life of this sample. [2]

OR,
a) What are X-rays? [1]
b) How can the quality and intensity of X-rays be controlled? [2]
c) Calculate the energy in electron volt and velocity of electron beam giving rise
to X-ray of wavelength 1A0.
[2]

GROUP-C
 Long Answer Questions [3 X 8 = 24]
Attempt ALL Questions.

20) a) What is the significance of the negative energy of the electron in an orbit? [1]
b)' The energy levels of an atom are shown in fig. below. Which one of these
transitions will result in the emission of photon of wavelength 275 nm? Explain
with calculation. (h = 6.64 x 10-34 JS, c = 3 x 108 m/s )
[3]

c) Find the expression for the wavelength of radiation emitted from a hydrogen atom
when an electron jumps from higher energy level n2 to lower energy level n1. [2]
d) Calculate the magnitude of the wavelength of the second Balmer series ? ( R = 1.09 x
10 7 m-1 ) [2]
21) a) Define adiabatic process in thermodynamics Derive an expression for work done
during adiabatic process . [3]
b) One mole of an ideal gas at at 1270C expands isothermally until it's volume is doubled.
Find the amount of heat absorbed and work done in this process. (R=8.31 J/mol.K ) [2]
c) Derive Mayer's Formula : Cp-Cv = R [3]
OR,
a) Derive the expression for impedance in LCR circuit. [3]
b) Find the condition of resonance of LCR circuit. [2]
c) A circuit consists of a capacitor of 2𝜇𝐹 and a resistor of 1000Ω. An
alternating emf of 12V (rms) and frequency of 50Hz is applied. Find the
current flowing, the voltage across capacitor and the phase angle between
the applied emf and current. [3]
22) Figure below shows the experimental setup of Millikan's oil drop experiment.
 a) Find the expression for a charge of an oil drop of radius 'r' moving with constant
velocity 'v' in a downward direction using free body diagram. [3]
b) Write the function of Atomizer and X-rays in this experiment. [1]
c) Why do Millikan used clock oil in his experiment? Can water drop be used instead of
it, Explain? [2]
d) Determine the electric field supplied when the electric force applied between the
two horizontal plates just balances the oil drop with 4 electrons attached to it and
mass of oil drop is 1.3 x 10-14 Kg. [2]

OR,

Refrigerator is a heat pump that removes the heat from lower temperature body to higher
temperature surroundings.
a) Does it violate the second law of thermodynamics? Explain. [2]
b) Show the schematic diagram of working of refrigerator. [2]
c) At what condition, the COP is infinity. Does it realize in practice? [2]
d) Write Kelvin's & Clausius's statement for second law of thermodynamics. [2]

BEST OF LUCK !!!

Compiled By:
Mr. Chheda Lal Chaudhary, Physics Lecturer
National Academy of Science and Technology
(NAST), Dhangadhi Kailali
Gmail: chhedalalchaudhaery432@gmail.com