8

CHAPTER

APPLICATION OF
INTEGRALS
Chapter Objectives
This chapter will help you understand :
¾¾ Area of the region bounded by a curve and a line.
¾¾ Areas between two curves.

Quick Review
™™ Consider the easy way of finding the area bounded
by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the ordinates x = TIPS…
a and x = b. From Figure, we can find area under If the position of the curve under consideration is
the curve (AUC) as composed of large number
below the x-axis, then since f(x) < 0 from x = a to
of very thin vertical strips. Consider an arbitrary
strip of height y and width dx, then dA (area of the x = b, as shown in Figure, the area bounded by the
elementary strip) = ydx, where, y = f(x). curve, x-axis and the ordinates x = a, x = b comes
out to be negative. But, it is only the numerical
Y value of the area which is taken into consideration.
y = f(x) Thus, if the area is negative, we take its absolute
R value,
Y
S

y X’
O X
x=a x=a
x=b f(x)
y=
X’ X
O P
Y’
Y’
b
™™ This area is called the elementary area, which is
A= ∫ f ( x )dx
located at an arbitrary position within the region, a
which is specified by some value of x between a
and b. We can think of the total area A of the region It may happen that some portion of the curve
between x-axis, ordinates x = a, x = b and the curve y is above x-axis and some is below the x-axis as
= f(x) as the result of adding up the elementary areas shown in the given figure. Here, A1 < 0 and A2 >
of thin strips across the region PQRSP. Symbolically, 0. Therefore, the area A bounded by the curve y =
we express : f(x), x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b is
b b b
given by
=
A ∫=
a
dA ∫ ydx
= ∫ f ( x )dx
a a
Y

™™ The area A of the region bounded by the curve x =

g(y), y-axis and the lines y = c, y = d is given by :
x=b
X’ X
O
x=a
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 367
Y
y=d TRICKS…
Learn all integral formulae from chapter
‘Integration’.
x Convert equations of curves in standard form
dy x = g(y)
before finding area between two curves.

y =c
X’ X
O

Y’
d d
=A ∫=
c
xdy ∫ g ( y )dy
c

™™ Similarly the area of the region enclosed between two curves y = f(x), y = g(x) and the lines x = a, x = b is given
by the formula,
a
=A ∫ [ f ( x ) − g( x )]dx
b
[where, f(x) ≥ g(x) in (a, b)]

™™ If f(x) ≥ g(x) in [a, c] and f(x) ≤ g(x) in [c, b], a < c < b, then
c b
A = ∫ [ f ( x ) − g ( x )]dx + ∫ [ g ( x ) − f ( x )]dx
a c

Know the Links

☞☞
www.teacherschoice.com.au/maths_library/calculus/area_under_a_curve.htm
☞☞
https://www.intmath.com/applications-integration/2-area-under-curve.php
☞☞
https://revisionmaths.com/advanced-level-maths-revision/pure-maths/calculus/area-under-curve

 Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q. 1. The area of the region bounded by the y-axis, y =

cos x and y = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π/2 is
(a) 2 sq. units (b) ( 2 + 1) sq. units
=A ∫ (cos x + sin x) dx
(c) ( 2 − 1) sq. units (d) (2 2 − 1) sq. units π

 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 24, Page 177,

= [sin x + cos x ]04
 NCERT Exemp. Ex. Q. 19, Page 376]  π π 
Ans. Correct option : (c) = sin + cos − sin 0 − cos 0 
 4 4 
Explanation : We have y = cos x and y = sin x , where
π 1 1
0≤x≤ = + − 1=( 2 − 1) sq. units
2. 2 2
We get cos x = sin x Q. 2. The area of the region bounded by the curve
x2 = 4y and the straight-line x = 4y – 2 is
π
x= 3 5
4 (a) sq. units (b) sq. units
8 8
From the figure, area of the shaded region, 7 9
Y (c) sq. units (d) sq. units
8 8
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 25, Page 177]
1 y=Sin x Ans. Correct option : (d)
Explanation :
X x 2= x + 2
–  2  5 2
x2 − x − 2 =0
y=Cos x
–1 ( x − 2)( x + 1) =
0
x = −1, 2
368 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

1 = 4π + 4π
For x=−1, y= and for x = 2, y = 1
4 1 = 8π sq. units
 
Points of intersection are (–1, ) and (2, 1).
4 Q. 4. Area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by
Graphs of parabola x 2 = 4 y and x = 4y − 2 are the x-axis, the line y = x and the circle x 2 + y 2 = 32
shown in figure : is
y
(a) 16p sq. units (b) 4p sq. units
3
x² = 4y (c) 32p sq. units (d) 24p sq. units
2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 27, Page 178]
1 x² = 4y–2 Ans. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : We have= y 0,= y x and the circle
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x2 + y2 = 32 in the first quadrant.
–1 Solving y = x with the circle
2 x2 + x2 =
32
 x + 2 x2 
=A ∫ −  dx
−1  4 4 x 2 = 16
2 x = 4 (In the first quadrant)
1  x2 x3 
=  + 2x −  When= x 4= , y 4 for the point of intersection of
4 2 3  −1 the circle with the x-axis.
 
1 1  Put y = 0
= 8− −3
  4  2  x2 + 0 =32
1 1  x = ±4 2
= 8− −3
  4  2 
So, the circle intersects the x-axis at ( ± 4 2 , 0) .
9
= sq. units
  8 7
Y
Q. 3. The area of the region bounded by the curve 6
y = 16 − x 2 and x-axis is 5 y=x
4
(a) 8p sq. units (b) 20p sq. units
3
(c) 16p sq. units (d) 256p sq. units x² + y²= 32
2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 26, Page 177]
1
Ans. Correct option : (a) X' X
16 − x 2
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Explanation : We have=
y –1
y 2 =−
16 x 2 , y ≥ 0 –2
–3
y 2 + x 2= 16, y ≥ 0 –4
–5
Graph of above function is semi-circle lying above
the graph as shown in the adjacent figure. –6
From the figure, area of the shaded region, –7 Y'
4
Y From the above figure, area of the shaded region,
=A ∫(
−4
16 − x 2 )dx
4 4 2

4
∫ xdx
A =+
0
∫4
(4 2 )2 − x 2 dx
= ∫( 42 − x 2 )dx X’ X 4 2

( ) 
2
  −4 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 4
 x2   x 4 2 x 
2 2
4 =   + (4 2 ) − x + sin −1
x 2
= 
42 x
4 − x 2 + sin −1   2  0  2 2 4 2
2 2 4  −4       4
   Y'
4
 
0+16 sin −1 1 − (4 2 )2 − 16 2 
4 4
=  42 − 42 + 8 sin −1  −  16   2
= +  
   2 4  2   −16 sin −1 4 
 4 2 
 4 2  −4    
− 4 − ( −4)2 + 8 sin −1   
 2  4   π
 =8+ 16 π 2 − 2 16 − 16  =8+[8 π − 8 − 4 π ]
     4
=0+8 sin −1 1 − 0 − 8 sin −1 ( − 1)
  =4π sq. units
    
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 369
Q. 5. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = cos x 16
between x = 0 and x = π is = −4
(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units         3
(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit 4
= sq. units
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 28, Page 178]         3
Ans. Correct option : (a) Q. 7. The area of the region bounded by the curve
Explanation : We have= y cos x=, x 0=,x π π
y = sinx between the ordinates x = 0, x = and
y the axis is 2
(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units
y = cos x
(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. units
x=
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 30, Page 178]
x
 O 2  3 Ans. Correct option : (d)
π
Explanation : We have y = sinx, 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2
y
2
From the figure, area of the shaded region, y = cos x
π π 2
1
=A ∫
0
cos x dx + ∫ cos xdx
0  O 2  3 2
x

π –1
[sin x ]02 2 sq. units
   2=
=

Q. 6. The area of the region bounded by parabola y2 = x From the figure, area of the shaded region,
π 2
and the straight line 2y = x is
A= ∫ sin xdx
4 0
(a) sq. units (b) 1 sq. units
3 [− cos x ]0
π 2
=
2 1
(c) sq. units (d) sq. units
3 3  π 
=  −cos +cos0 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 29, Page 178]  2 
Ans. Correct option : (a) =0+1
Explanation : When y 2 = x and 2y = x = 1 sq. unit
Solving we get y 2 = 2 y Q. 8. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse
0, 2 and when=
⇒y= y 2=
,x 4 x2 y2
+ = 1 is
So, points of intersection are (0, 0) and (4, 2). 25 16
(a) 20p sq. units (b) 20p2 sq. units
Graphs of parabola y2 = x and 2y = x are as shown
(c) 16p2 sq. units (d) 25p sq. units
in the following figure :
y  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 31, Page 178]
Ans. Correct option : (a)
3 x2 y2
y²= x Explanation : We have + =1 , which is ellipse
2 52 4 2
1 with its axes as coordinate axes.
2y=x
O x 5
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4
–1 3
–2 2
–3 1

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
From the figure, area of the shaded region, –2
–3
4
 x
∫ 
–4
=A x −  dx
0 2 –5

4
 2 3 1 x2  y2 x2
=  x2− .  = 1 −
3 2 2 0 42 52
       
2 16  x2 
= .(4)3 2 − −0 y 2 16 1 − 
=
       3 4  25 
370 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

4 2
=y 5 − x2
5 5
y=x+1
From the figure, area of the shaded region, 4
5
4 2
=A 4∫ 5 − x 2 dx 3
x=3
0 5
2
5
16  x 2 2 52 −1 x  1 x=2
=  5 − x − sin 
5 2 2 5 0
  –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5
16  5 2  –1
= 0+ sin −1 1 − 0 − 0 
5  2  –2
 
16 25 π –3
= . .
  5 2 2 From the figure, area of the shaded region,
= 20π sq. units 3
  =
A ∫ (x + 1) dx
Q. 9. The area of the region bounded by the circle 2

x 2 + y 2 = 1 is  x2 
3

=  + x
(a) 2p sq. units (b) p sq. units 2
   2
(c) 3p sq. units (d) 4p sq. units
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 32, Page 178] 9 4 
=  +3 − − 2 
Ans. Correct option : (b)    2 2 
Explanation : We have, x 2 + y 2 =1, which is a circle 7
having centre at (0, 0) and radius ‘1’ unit. = sq. units
  2
⇒ y 2 =−
1 x2 Q. 11. The area of the region bounded by the curve
=
y 1 − x2 x = 2y + 3 and the y lines y = 1 and y = –1 is,
3
y (a) 4 sq. units (b) sq. units
2
x2 + y2 = 1 (c) 6 sq. units (d) 8 sq. units
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 34, Page 178]
Ans. Correct option : (c)
x
O Explanation :

2
y=1 x = 2y+ 3
From the figure, area of the shaded region, 1
1
y=1
=A 4 ∫ 12 − x 2 dx x
0 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 –1
x 12 x y = –1
= 4  12 − x 2 − sin −1 
 2 2 1 0 –2
 1 π 2
 From the figure, area of the shaded region,
= 4 0 + × − 0 − 0 1
 2 2  =A ∫ ( 2y + 3) dy
−1
= π sq. units 1
=  y 2 + 3y 
Q. 10. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = x   −1

+ 1 and the lines x = 2 and x = 3 is =[1+3 − 1+3]

 
7 9
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units = 6 sq. units
2 2  
11 13 Q. 12. Area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by
(c) sq. units (d) sq. units circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the lines x = 0 and x = 2 is
2 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 33, Page 178] π
(a) p (b)
Ans. Correct option : (a) 2
Explanation : π π
(c) (d)
3 4
 [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 12, Page 366]
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 371
Ans. Correct option : (a) 9
Explanation : The area bounded by the circle and = sq. units
4
the lines in the first quadrant is represented as : Q. 14. Smaller area enclosed by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and
Y
the line x + y = 2
x= 0 (a) 2(π − 2) (b) π − 2
B x= 2
(c) 2π − 1 (d) 2(π + 2)
 [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 6, Page 372]
Ans. Correct option : (b)
X’ X Explanation : The smaller area enclosed by the circle
O A
x2 + y2 =4 and the line, x + y = 2 is represented
by the shaded area ACBA as :
Y
x²+y²=4
Y’ B
2 (0, 2) C
A = ∫ ydx
0

2 X’ X
A
= ∫ 4 − x 2 dx O
(2, 0)
  0 x+y=2
2
x 4 x
=  4 − x 2 + sin −1 
2 2 2 0
   Y’
= π sq. units It can be observed that
 
Q. 13. Area of the region bounded by the curve y2 =4x, Area of ACBA = Area of OACBO − Area of ∆AOB
2 2
y-axis and the line y = 3 is
9
A= ∫ 4 − x 2 dx − ∫ ( 2 − x )dx
(a) 2 (b) 0 0
4 2 2
9 9 x 4 x  x
(c) (d) =  4 − x 2 + sin −1  −  2x − 
3 2 2 2 2 0  2 0
 [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 13, Page 366]  π
Ans. Correct option : (b) =  2 ×  − [ 4 − 2]
 2
Explanation : The area bounded by the curve,
  = π − 2 sq. units
y 2 = 4x , y-axis, and y = 3 is represented as :
Q. 15. Area lying between the curve y 2 = 4 x and y = 2x
Y
2 1
5 (a) (b)
3 3
4 (
9, 0
4 )
3 A 1 3
B (c) (d)
2 y=3 4 4
 [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 7, Page 372]
1
Ans. Correct option : (b)
X’ X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 Explanation : The area lying between the curve
–1
y 2 = 4x and y = 2x is represented by the shaded
–2
y² = 4x area OBAO as
–3
Y y² = 4x
–4 y = 2x
–5
A (1, 2)
Y’
3
Area of OAB= A = ∫ xdy B
O
3 2 0 X’ X
y (0, 0)
=∫ dy
0 4
3 Y’
1  y3 
=   The points of intersection of the curves are O(0, 0)
4  4 0
and A(1, 2).
1 We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis such that
= ×27
12 coordinate of C is (1, 0).
372 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Area of OBAO= Area of ∆OCA – Area of OCABO Y

1 1
=A ∫ 2xdx − ∫ 2
0 0
xdx

1 y =x|x|
 x2 
1  x3 2 
= 2  − 2 3  C O B(1, 1)
 2 0  2  X’ X
        0 A
(–1, –1)D
 4
= 1 − 
   3 
1
=−
  3
x=–1 Y’ x=1
1 Required, area
= sq. units
       3 1

Q. 16. Area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis and A = ∫ ydx
−1
the ordinates x = −2 and x = 1 is
0 1
15
∫ x dx + ∫ x dx
2 2
(a) −9 (b) − =
4   −1 0

15 17  x3   x3 
0 1
(c) (d)
4 4 =   + 
3 3
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 16, Page 376]     −1   0
Ans. Correct option : (b) 2
   = sq. units
Explanation : Required area, 3
1 Q. 18. The area of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 exterior to the
A= ∫ ydx parabola y 2 = 6x is
       −2
4 4
1 (a) ( 4π − 3) (b) ( 4π + 3)
= ∫ x dx
3 3 3
        −2 4 4
(c) (8π − 3) (8π + 3) (d)
Y 3 3
y = x³  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 18, Page 376]
Ans. Correct option : (c)
Explanation :
B(1, 1) Y
O 5 (2, 25)
C
X’ X 4 C
A 3
2
(–4, 0)
D 1 M
D
(–2, –8) X’ X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5
–1
–2
x=–2 Y’ x=1 –3
–4 A
1
 x4  –5 (2, –25)
=  Y’
4
        −2 Area bounded by the circle and parabola
1  = 2[area (OAMO )+area (AMBA)]
= − 4 
       4 
=2  ∫ 6x dx + ∫ 16 − x 2 dx 
2 4

15  0 2 
=− 2 4
      4 = 2∫ 6x dx + 2 ∫ 16 − x 2 dx
0 2
15 15 2 4
∴ Area = − =sq. units = 2 6∫ x dx + 2 ∫ 16 − x 2 dx
4 4 0 2
2 4
2 3 x 16  x 
Q. 17. The area bounded by the curve y = x x , x-axis = 2 6 ×  x 2  + 2  16 − x 2 + sin −1   
3  0 2 2  4 2
and the ordinates x = −1 and x = 1 is given by
(a) 0 (b) 1/3 4 6    1  
(c) 2/3 (d) 4/3 =
2
( 
) 
{
2 2 − 0 + 2  0 + 8 sin −1(1) − 2 3 + 8 sin −1   
 2  
}
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 17, Page 376]
Ans. Correct option : (c) 16 3  π π
= + 2 8 × − 2 3 − 8 × 
Explanation : 3  2 6
16 3  4π 
= + 2  4π − 2 3 −
3  3 
16 3 8π
= + 8π − 4 3 −
3 3
 4 6    1  
=
2
( 
) {

}
2 2 − 0 + 2  0 + 8 sin −1(1) − 2 3 + 8 sin −1   
 2  

=
16 3  π π
+ 2 8 × − 2 3 − 8 × 
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 373
3  2 6
16 3  4π  = π ( 4 )2
= + 2  4π − 2 3 −
3  3 
= 16 sq. units
16 3 8π 4
=
3
+ 8π − 4 3 −
3 ∴ Required area= 16π −
3
(
4π + 3 )
16 3 + 24π − 4 3 − 8π
= 16π 4 3
3 =16π −−
3 3
16π + 12 3
= 32π 4 3
3 = −
4 3 3
= 4π + 3  sq. units
3 4
= 8π − 3  sq. units
3
Area of circle = π ( r )2
2
= ∫ x 2 dx
1

Very Short Answer Type Questions

x 
= 
3
2
(2 marks each)
 3 1
Q. 1. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2cos x and 1 3 3
=  2 − 1 
the x-axis from x = 0 to x = 2π. 3
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 22, Page 177] 1
= [8 − 1]
Ans. We have = y 2cos x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π 3
Graph of the functions is as shown in the following 7
= sq. units
figure. 3  [1]
y Y
(ii) y = x4
3 C
2 y = 2 cos x

1 B
X’ X
 O 2  3  5  O A D
–1
x=1 x=5
–2 Y’
Required area = Area ABCD
5

From the figure, area of the shaded region = ∫ ydx

1
2π
π /2
=A ∫=
0
| 2 cos x |dx 4 ∫ =
( 2 cos x ) dx 8[sin x]π0 / 2
0
Here, y = x4
5
= 8 sq. units = ∫ x 4dx
[2] 1
5
Q. 2. Find the area under the given curves and given  x5 
lines : = 
(i) y = x2, x = 1, x = 2 and x-axis  5 1
(ii) y = x4, x = 1, x = 5 and x-axis 55 15
= − [1]
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 1, Page 375] 5 5
Y 1
y = x² = 54 −
5
C
= 625 − 0.2
= 624.8 sq. units
B Q. 3. Find the area between the curves y = x and y = x2.
X’
A D
X  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 2, Page 375]
O
Ans. The required area is represented by the shaded
x=1 x=2 area OBAO as
Y’
Ans. (i) Required area = Area ABCD Y y= x²
y =x
2 A
    = ∫1 ydx
Here, y=x2
2 B
= ∫ x 2 dx
1 X’ X
2 O C
x  3
= 
 3 1 Y’
1 3 3
=  2 − 1 
3
1
= [8 − 1]
3
374 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

The points of intersection of the curves, y = x and Y

–x + y=1
y = x2, is A (1, 1).
We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis.
∴Area (OBAO) = Area (∆OCA) – Area (OCABO) …(1)
A
1 1
∫ xdx − ∫ x dx
2
=
0 0
1 1
D B
 x   x3 
2
X’ X
=   −  O
 2 0  3 0
1 1
= − C x + y=1
2 3
1
= sq.units
6 [2] –x – y=1
Y’
Q. 4. Find the area of the region enclosed by the
The curve intersects the axes at points A (0, 1), B (1,
parabola x 2 = y, the line y = x + 2 and the x-axis.
0), C (0, –1), and D (–1, 0).
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 10, Page 375]
It can be observed that the given curve is
[NCERT Exemp. Ex.8.3 Q. 6, Page 176] symmetrical about x-axis and y-axis
Ans. The area of the region enclosed by the parabola, x2 ∴Area ADCB = 4 × Area OBAO
= y, the line y = x + 2, and x-axis is represented by 4
the shaded region OACO as = 4 ∫ (1 − x )dx
Y 0
1
 x2 
x² = y 5 y=x+2 = 4 x − 
 2 0
4
C(2, 4)  1
3 = 4 1 − 
 2
2 1
= 4 
(–1, 1) A 1 2
(–2, 0) B = 2 sq. units
X’ X [2]
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5
Q. 6. Find the area bounded by curves {(x, y) : y ≥ x 2
and y = | x |}. [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 12, Page 376]
Ans. The area bounded by the curves,
Y’
{ }
( x , y ) : y ≥ x 2 and y =|x| , is represented by the
The point of intersection of the parabola, x2 = y,
shaded region as
and the line y = x + 2, is A (–1, 1) and C (2, 4).
Y y= x²
2 2
Area of OACO = ∫ ( x + 2) dx − ∫ x 2dx y=|x|
−1 −1 B A (1, 1)
2
 x2  1 2
⇒ Area of OACO = + 2x  −  x 3 
2  −1 3
−1 D
X’ X
  ( 2)2   ( −1)2  (0, 0) O C
⇒ Area of OACO
=  + 2( 2) −  + 2( −1)
  2   2 
Y’
1
− ( 2) − ( −1)3 
3
It can be observed that the required area is
3
symmetrical about y-axis
 1  1
⇒ Area of OACO =  2 + 4 −  − 2   − (8 + 1) Required area = 2 [ Area(OCAO ) − Area(OCADO )]
 2  3
=  ∫ xdx − ∫ x 2dx 
1 1
3
⇒ Area of OACO = 6 +
−3  0 0 
2
3 9   x 2 1  x 3 1 
⇒ Area of OACO =3 + = sq. units = 2   −    [2]
 2 2 [2]   2  0  3  0 
Q. 5. Using the method of integration find the area 1 1
bounded by the curve x + y = 1 . = 2 − 
 2 3
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 11, Page 375] 1  1
= 2=
  sq. units
Ans. The area bounded by the curve, |x|+|y|=1, is 6 3
represented by the shaded region ADCB as 
 4 4
Area of AB= ∫=ydx ∫ 3 OF
CD APPLICATION x dx
2INTEGRALS 1 | 375
4
 
 x3 2 
Short Answer Type Questions = 3
 3 
(3(4)
 =2
32
(2)3 2 
or 4−marks each)
 2 2
Q. 1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve =2[8 − 2 2].
y 2 = x and the lines x = 1, x = 4 and the x-axis in the
=[16 − 4 2] sq. units
 [1]
first quadrant. [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 1, Page 365]
Ans. The area of the region bounded by the curve, Q. 3. Find the area of the region bounded by x2 = 4,
y 2 = x the lines, x = 1 and x = 4, and the x-axis is y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis in the first quadrant.
the area of ABCD.  [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 3, Page 366]
Y Ans. Y x²=4y
y²=x D
B
C y=4
A x
dx
y
A B y=2
O
D X X’ X
dx C
O

Y’ [1]
The area of the region bounded by the curve
x=1 x 2 = 4 y, y = 2, and y = 4, and the y-axis is the area
Y’ x=4 [1] of ABCD.
4 4
∫=
ydx ∫
4 4
=
Area of AB CD xdx
1 1
Area of A=
BCD ∫ xdy 2∫
=
2 1
ydy
4 4
   
 x3 2  2 [2]  y3 2  4 [2]
 = (4) − (1) 
32 32
 = (4) − (1) 
32 32
=  = 2
 3  3  3  3
 2 1  2 2
2 14 4  32 − 8 2 
= [8 − 1] = sq. units = [8 − 2 2] =   sq. units
3 3  3  3
 
Q. 2. Find the area of the region bounded by y 2 = 9 x , x 
= 2, x = 4 and the x-axis in the first quadrant. Q. 4. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse
x2 y2
 [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 2, Page 365] + = 1. [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 4, Page 366]
16 9
Ans. The area of the region bounded by the curve,
Ans. It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical
y 2 = 9x, x = 2, and x = 4, and the x-axis is the area about x-axis and y-axis.
of ABCD. ∴Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of region OAB
Y Y
y²=9x
C
B (0, 3)
D
y y
dx A (4, 0)
X’ X
O
X
A dx B

Y’ [½]
4
Area of region OAB = ∫ ydx
0
x=2 x=4
Y’ 2
4 x
Area of AB=
CD ∫=
4
ydx ∫
2
4

1
3 x dx = ∫ 0
3 1−
16
dx
4
  3 4
4 ∫0
= 16 − x 2 dx
 x3 2 
 =2 (4) − (2) 
32 32
= 3
 3  3
 2 2 =  2 16 − 16+8 sin −1 (1) − 8 sin −1 (0)
4
=2[8 − 2 2].
=[16 − 4 2] sq. units
376 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

3  8π  The point of intersection of the line and circle in the

=   first quadrant is ( 3 , 1 ).
4 2 
Area of DOAB = Area of DOCB + Area of ∆ABC
=3π sq. units Area of DOCB
[2]
Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of region OAB 1 1 3
= × OC × AC = × 3 × 1 = sq. units
=4 × 3π =12π sq. units 2 2 2 [1]
[½]
2
Q. 5. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse Area of ∆ABC = ∫ ydx
x2 y2 2
3

4
+ = 1 .
9
[NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 5, Page 366] = ∫ 3
4 − x 2 dx
2
Y x 4 x
=  4 − x 2 + sin −1 
2 2 2 3

B (0, 3)
 π 3 3
y = 2 × − 4 − 3 − sin −1 
 2 2 2 
dx A (2, 0)
X 
X’ 3π 2π 
= π − − 
 2 3 

π 3
= −  sq. units [2
 3 2  ]
Y’  [½]
Area enclosed by x-axis the line x = 3y and the
It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical circle x 2+y 2=4 in the first quadrant
about x-axis and y-axis. Thus,
Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of region OAB 3 π 3 π
= +  −  = units.
Area of region OAB = ∫ ydx
2
2  3 2  3
0
Q. 7. Find the area of the smaller part of the circle
2 x2
= ∫ 3 1− dx a
0 4 x 2 + y 2 = a 2 cut off by the line x = .
2
3 2  [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 7, Page 366]
2 ∫0
= 4 − x 2 dx
Ans. The area of the smaller part of the circle, x 2 + y 2 =
a2
2
3 x 4 x a
= 4 − x 2 + sin −1  cut-off by the line x = is the area of ABCD.
2  2 2 2 0 2
Y
3  2π  3π x= a
=  = sq. units [2] 2
4 2  2
Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of region OAB B
x²+y²=a²
3π
=×4 =6π sq. units
2 [½] A
X’ X
Q. 6. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant O C (a, 0)
a
enclosed by x-axis, line x= 3 y and the circle ( , 02 )
2
x 2 + y 2 = 4. [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 6, Page 366]
Ans. The area of the region bounded by the circle,
x2 + y2 = 4 , x = 3 y, and the x-axis is the area of Y’ [1]
region OAB. It can be observed that the area of ABCD is
Y x= 
3y symmetrical about x-axis.
x²+y²= 4 Area of ABCD = 2 × Area of region ABC
Area of region ABC = a ydx
B
3y, 1)
A ( ∫a 2

a
∫
2 2
= a − x dx
a 2
B
X’ X a
O x 2 a2 x
=  a − x 2 + sin −1 
 2 2 a a 2

 a2 π a a2 a2  1 
=  × − a 2 − − sin −1  
 2 2 2 2 2 2  2  
Y’
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 377

a 2π a 2 a 2π From equations (1) and (2), we obtain

= − − 2 32 2 3
4 4 8 ( a=
) (8 − a ) 2
a2  π 3 3
= π −1− 
4  2 2( a )3 2 = 8
a2  π  ( a )3 2 = 4
=  − 1 sq. units
42 
a = ( 4)3 2 [2]
 a2  π 
= 2   − 1  Q. 9. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola
 4  2 
y = x 2 and y = x . [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 9, Page 366]
Area of ABCD a π
2
 sq. units [2]
= −1
2  2 
Y x²= y
y=|x|
Therefore, the area of smaller part of the circle B A (1, 1)
a a2  π 
x2 + y2 =a 2 cut-off by the line x = is −1
2 2  2  C
sq.units.
2
X’ X
Q. 8. The area between x = y and x = 4 is divided (0, 0) O M
into two equal parts by the line x = a, find the
value of a. [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 8, Page 366] Y’ [1]
2
Ans. The line x = a, divides the area bounded by the The area bounded by the parabola x =y and the
parabola x = y 2 and x = 4 into two equal parts. line y= x , can be represented as:
Y The given area is symmetrical about y-axis.
y²=x Area of OACO = Area of ODBO
C
The point of intersection of parabola x 2 = y and
D line y = x is A(1, 1).
Area of OACO = Area of ∆OAB – Area of OBACO
1 1 1
O Area ∆OAB = ×OB×AB= ×1×1= sq. units
X’ X 2 2 2
E F
1
 Area of OBACO = ∫0 ydx
1
A = ∫ x 2dx
0

B 1
 x3  1
x=a x=4 = =  sq. units
Y’ [1] 3 3
           0
It can be observed that the given area is symmetrical
about x-axis. Therefore, Area of OACO= Area of ∆OAB – Area of OBACO
Area of OED = Area of EFCD 1 1 1
= − = sq. units
        2 3 6
a
Area of OED = ∫0 ydx
1 1
=∫
a
xdx Required area =2   = sq. units . [2]
0 6  3

 3
a
Q. 10. Find the area bounded by the curve x 2 = 4 y and the
x2  line x = 4 y − 2 . [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 10, Page 366]
=  Ans.
3 Y
 2 0
5 x² = 4y
2
= ( a )3 2 4
3  (i)
4 3
Area of EFCD = ∫0 xdx x = 4y–2
2
 3 
4
(–1, 12 ) 1
x
=
2 

(–1, 14 ) A C
B (2, 1)
M
3  –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
2 0

2
= (8 − a )3 2  [1]
3  (ii)
 378 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

The area bounded by the curve, x 2 = 4 y , and The area of OACO is symmetrical about x-axis.
line, =x 4 y − 2 , is represented by the shaded area Area of OACO = 2 (Area of OABO)
3
OBAO. Area of OACO = 2 ∫ ydx
0
Let A and B be the points of intersection of the line
3
and parabola. = ∫ 2 xdx
0
 1 3
Coordinates of point A are  −1,  .  
 4  x3 2 
Coordinates of point B are (2, 1). = 4 
We draw AL and BM perpendicular to x-axis.  3 
It can be observed that  2 0
Area of OBAO=Area of OMBC – Area of OMBO 8
2 = (3)3 2 
2x+2 2x 3
= ∫ dx − ∫ dx
0 4 0 4
=8 3
2 2
1  x 2 + 2  1  x3  Required area = 8 3 sq. units . [2]
=  dx  −  dx 
4 4 0 4  3 0 Q. 12. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves,
y = x 2 + 2 , y = x, x = 0 and x = 3.
1 1 8
= [2+4 ] −    [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 3, Page 371]
4 4 3
Ans. The area bounded by the curves, = y x 2 + 2 , y = x,
5 x = 0, and x = 3, is represented by the shaded area
=
6 OCBAO as :
Similarly, Area of OBAO = Area of OMBC – Area of Y y² = x²+2
OMBO
2
0 x+2 0 x
= ∫ dx − ∫ dx y=x
−1 4 − 1 4
0 0
1  x2 + 2  1  x3 
=  dx  −  dx 
4 4  −1 4  3  −1 A
  1  ( −1)  
3
1  ( − 1) 2
=−  +2( − 1) −  −  
  4  3  
4 2 X’ X
O
1 1 1
= − −
2 8 12
x=3
7
=  Y’ x = 0
24
 [1]
5 7  9 Then,
Required area = + = sq. units [2]
 6 24  8 Area of OCBAO = Area of ODBAO – Area of ODCO
Q. 11. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 3 1

y 2 = 4 x and the line x = 3. A = ∫ ( x 2 + 2)dx − ∫ xdx

0 0
 [NCERT Ex. 8.1, Q. 11, Page 366] 3 3
Ans.  x3   x2 
= + 2x  −  
Y 3 0  3 0
y²=4x 9 21
A = 15 − = sq. units
2 2 [2]
Q. 13. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves
y 2 = 9 x and y = 3 x .
O  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 1, Page 176]
X’ X
B Ans. We have, y 2 = 9x , y = 3x
Solving= y 2 3=
(3x ) 3y
y = 0, 3
When=y 0=
, x 0 and when=y 3=
,x 1
C
So points of intersection are (0, 3) and (1, 3).
Y’ x=3
 [1] Graph of parabola y 2 = 9x and y = 3x is
2
The region bounded by the parabola, y = 4x , and as shown in the following figure :
the line, x = 3, is the area of OACO.
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 379
Y From the figure,
y =3x Area of the shaded region,

4 2p  x2 
y²= 9x =A ∫0
 2 px −  dx
 2p 
3
1 2p
2 2p 1
2 p ∫ x 2 dx −
2 p ∫0
= x 2dx
0
1
2p 2p
X 2 3  1  x3 
–1 O 1 2 3 = 2p  x 2  −  
–1  3  0 2p  3  0
–2 2 3
 1 1 
= 2 p  .2 2 p 2  −  8 p 3 
–3 3  2p  3 
–4 8 4 4p 2
[1] = p2 − p2 = sq. units
From the figure, 3 3 3 [2]
2 Q. 15. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve
Area of the shaded region
= ∫
1
( 9x − 3x ) dx
y = x 3 , y = x + 6 and x = 0 .
1 1
2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3,Q. 3, Page 176]
= 3∫ x 2 dx − 3∫ x dx
1
0 Ans. We have, y = x 3 , y= x + 6, x = 0
1 Graph of function is as shown in the following
 3
x2   x2 
1 figure.
= 3  − 3  Solving, y = x 3 and y= x + 6 we get

3  2 0
 2 0 x 3= x + 6

2  1  x3 − x − 6 =0
= 3 − 0  − 3 − 0 
3  2  x 2 ( x − 2 ) + 2x ( x − 2 ) + 3 ( x − 2 ) =
0
1
= sq. units [2]
( x − 2 ) ( x 2 + 2x + 3) =
0
2 x = 2 , With 2 imaginary points.
Q. 14. Find the area of the region bounded by the
Y
parabola, y 2 = 2 px and x 2 = 2 py .
10
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 2, Page 176] 9
2 2
Ans. We have y = 2 px and x = 2 py 8
Solving curves, we get 7
x 4 = 4p 2 y 2 6
        
5
x 4 = 4 p 2 ( 2 px )
         4
y = x³
x 4 = 8p 3 x 3
         y= x +6
x( x 3 − 8 p 3 ) =
0 2
1
x = 0, 2 p
            X
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
When,=x 0=
, y 0 and when,
= x 2=
p , y 2p –1
–2
So, points of intersection are (0, 0) and (2p , 2p ) .
–3
Graph of both the parabolas is as shown in the –4
following figure :
Y –5
–6
(2p, 2p) –7
x²= 2py
[1½]
Clearly x = 2 satisfies the above equation.
Also from the figure it is clear that there is only one
O
X point of intersection.
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
y²= 2px
2
=
A ∫0
( x + 6 − x 3 )dx
[1]
380 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

2 Y
 x2 x4  4
=  + 6x −  = + 12=10 sq. units. [1½] 10
 2 4 0 2 9
Q. 16. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 8
y²= 9x
y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y . 7
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 4, Page 176] 6
5
=
Ans. We have y 2 4=x , x 2 4y y=x
4
Solving curves, we get
3
x 4 = 16 y 2
    2
1
x 4 = 16( 4x )
    X
4 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
   x = 64x –1
–2
x ( x 3 − 43 ) =
0
–3
        x = 0, 4 –4
–5
When,= x 0= , y 0 and when= x 4= ,y 4
–6
So, points of intersection are (0, 0) and (4, 4) .
–7
Y
–8
(4, 4) –9
x²= 4y

 [1]
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
X 9
O =A ∫(
0
9x − x )dx
y²= 4x
9

∫ (3x
12
= − x )dx
0
 [1]
9
From the figure, area of the shaded region,  x3 2 x 2 
= 3 − 
4 x2 
=A ∫  4x −  dx  3 2 2 0
0
 4
  81 27
=54 − = sq. units.
4
1 4
1 2 2 2 [2]
4 ∫ x dx −
4 ∫0
= 2
x dx
0 Q. 18. Find the area of the region bounded by the line
   2
4 4 x = 2 and the parabola y =8 x .
 1 x 
3
2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 7, Page 176]
= 4  x3 2  −  
3 0 4  3 0 Ans. We have, y 2 = 8 x and x = 2
 
Graphs of parabola and line are as shown in the
2  11 
= 4  .4 3 2  −  4 3  following figure :
   3  43  Y
32 16 16
= − = sq. units 4 y² = 8x
  3 3 3 [2]
Q. 17. Find the area of the region included between 3
y 2 = 9 x and y = x . 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 5, Page 176]
1
Ans. We have, y 2 = 9x and y = x
X
Solving above equations : –1 O 1 2 3 4
y 2 = 9y –1
–2
⇒ y= 0 or 9
–3
=
When y 0=
, x 0 and=y 9=
,x 9
–4
So points of intersection are (0, 0) and (9, 9) .
Y’ [1]
Graphs of parabola are as shown in the following
From the figure, area of the shaded region
figure :
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 381
2 Y
A = 2 ∫ ( 8x )dx
0
–
2 y= 2x
= 4 2 ∫ ( x1 2 )dx
0

2 X
2 
= 4 2  x3 2 
3 0
2
2  [1]
= 4 2  × 2 2 − 0 The graph is as shown in the above figure.
 3 0
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
32 1
= sq. units.
3 [2] A = ∫ 2 xdx

{ } and, find    0
Q. 19. Sketch the region ( x , 0) : y = 4 − x 2
1
the area of the region using integration. 2 
= 2  x3 2 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 8, Page 176] 3 0

Ans. We have=
y 4 − x2 2
=2  
2 2 3
4−x , y ≥0
y =
4
= sq. units
y 2 + x 2 = 4, y ≥ 0 3 [2]
Y Q. 21. Using integration, find the area of the region
bounded by the line 2 y = 5 x +7 , x– axis and the
lines x = 2 and x = 8 .
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 10, Page 176]
Ans. We have, 2= y 5x + 7
5x 7
Or=y +
X’ X 2 2
The graph is as shown in the following figure :
Y
Y’ [1]
+7

Graph of the above function is semi-circle lying

5x

above the graph is as shown in the above figure.

=

From the figure, area of the shaded region,

2y

2
=A ∫(
−2
4 − x 2 )dx

2
= ∫(
−2
22 − x 2 )dx
X
2 O 2 8
x 2 22 x
=  2 − x 2 + sin −1 
 2 2 2  −2
[1]
−1 −1
= 0 + 2 sin 1 − 0 − 2 sin ( −1) From the figure, area of the shaded region,
π π 8
5x + 7
= 2× + 2× A=∫ dx
2 2 2
  2
=2π sq. units.
[2] 1
8

2 ∫2
= (5x + 7 )dx
Q. 20. Calculate the area under the curve y = 2 x
included between the lines x = 0 and x = 1 . 8

 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 9, Page 176] 1  5x 2 

=  + 7x 
2 2 2
Ans. We have, y = 2 x
=
Or y 2 4x , x ≥ 0 1
= [5.32 + 7.8 − 10 − 14]
The graph of the above function is a part of parabola 2
lying above, =96 sq. units
[2]
382 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Q. 22. Draw a rough sketch of the curve y = x − 1 in π a2

= sq. units
the interval [1, 5]. Find the area under the curve 4 [2]
and between the lines x = 1 and x = 5.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 11, Page 177] Q. 24. Find the area of the region bounded by y = x
and y = x.
Ans. We have= y x −1
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 13, Page 177]
y 2= x − 1
Ans. We have y = x and y = x
The graph of above function is parabola with vertex On solving, we get
(1, 0) and lying above x-axis and for x ∈ [1, 5] , graph x= x
is as shown in the following figure :
Y x2 = x
x2 − x =0
x = 0, 1
=
At x 0= , y 0 and at=x 1= ,y 1
Thus, curves intersect at (0, 0) and (1, 1).
X Graph of y = x is part of parabola lying above
x-axis.
Y
[1]
From the figure, area of the shaded region, 1
5 1
=
A ∫ ( x − 1)
1
2
dx

5
2  B
=  ( x − 1)3 2  X’ X
3
   1 O 1
16
= sq. units
  3 [2] Y’ [1]
2 2
The graph is as shown in the above figure.
Q. 23. Determine the area under the curve y = a − x From the figure, area of the shaded region,
included between the lines x = 0 and x = a. 1
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 12, Page 177]
2 2
=A ∫( x − x )dx
Ans. We have=
y a −x 0
1
2
y= a2 − x 2 2 x2 
=  x3 2 − 
3 2 0
y2 + x2 =
a2   
Graph of above function is semi-circle lying above 2 1 1
= − = sq. units
x-axis.   3 2 6 [2]
The graph is as shown in the following figure . Q. 25. Find the area enclosed by the curve y = -x2 and
Y the straight line x + y + 2 = 0.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 14, Page 177]
Ans. We have, y = -x2 and x + y + 2 = 0
On solving we get,
x 2= x + 2
2
x −x−2= 0
X ( x − 2)( x + 1) =
0
=x 2, − 1
         
[1] Y
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
a
=A ∫(
0
a 2 − x 2 )dx
X’ –3 –2 –1
O
1 2 3 X
a –1
x 3
a2 x
=  ( a 2 − x 2 ) 2 + sin −1  –2
2 2 a 0
y² = x
–3
 a2 a2 
= 0 + sin −1 1 − 0 − sin −1 0  –4
 2 2 
x+y+2=0
a2 π –15
= ×
2 2 [2]
Y’
 1 4 12
2 ∫1
= y dy
4
 
1  y1 2 +1 
=  
2  1 + 1
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 383
 2 1
The graph of the above function is downward  
4

parabola. 1  y3 2 
=  
2
2 3 
A = ∫ ( − x 2 − ( − x − 2))dx  2 1
−1
1 2 32 4
2 = ×  y 
= ∫ ( x + 2 − x 2 )dx 2 3 1

  −1 1 32 32
=  4 − 1 
2 3
 x2 x3 
=  + 2x −  1
2 3  −1 = ( 22 )3 2 − 1
   3
8 4 1 1  1
= − − 4 + + − 2 =  23 − 1
 3 2 3 2  3
16 − 12 − 24 + 2 + 3 − 12 7
= sq. units =
6 3 [3]
−27 9 Q. 27. Sketch the graph of y = x + 3 and evaluate
= = sq. units 0
6 2
  [1] ∫ x +3 d x. [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 4, Page 375]
Q. 26 Find the area of the region lying in the first -6
Ans. Draw the graph y=|x+3|
quadrant and bounded by y = 4x2, x = 0, y = 1 and Y
y = 4. [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 3, Page 375]
Ans. x=–6
Y
y = 4x² y=
A B –(
x+
y=4 3) 3
x+
y=
X’ X
(–3, 0) O
D y=1
C
X’ X Y’

{ }
O
y =| x + 3|= x + 3 for x+3 ≥0
−( x +3) for x+3<0
Y’
Required area = Area ABCD {
= x +3 for x ≥ –3
−( x +3) for x<−3
0
}
4
= ∫ x dy Finding ∫ | x + 3| dx
1 −6
Y
Here,
x=–6
y = 4x 2
4x 2 = y y=
–(
y x+
x2 = 3 ) x+
3
4 y=
y X’ X
x= (–3, 0) O
4
y Y’
x=
2 0 −3 0

Thus,
∫−6
| x + 3| dx = ∫ | x + 3| dx − ∫ | x + 3| dx
−6 −3
−3 0
4 = ∫ −( x + 3)dx + ∫ ( x + 3)dx
Area required=∫ x dy −6 −3
1 −3 0
 x2   x2 
4 y =  − − 3x  +  + 3x 
=∫ dy  2  −6  2  −3
1 2
1 4 12 −( −3)2  −( −6)2 
2 ∫1
= y dy = − 3 × ( −3) −  − 3( −6)
2  2 
4
   02   ( −3)2 
1  y1 2 + 1  + − + 3 × 0 −  + 3 × ( −3)
=    2   2 
2  1 + 1
 2 1 −9  −36  9 
= − ( −9) −  − ( −18) −  − 9 
4 2  2  2 
 
1  y3 2  −9 9
=   = +9+0− +9
2 3  2 2
 2 1 = −9 + 18
4 = 9 sq. units
384 |=OSWAAL
−9  −36
− ( −9NCERT
)− SOLUTIONS  9 
− ( −18) − – Textbook
−9 + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII
2  2  2 
   
−9 9 The points of intersection of both the curves (0, 0)
= +9+0− +9
2 2 and  4a , 4a 
 m2 m 
=−9 + 18  
We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis.
= 9 sq. units
[3] ∴Area OABO = Area OCABO – Area (∆OCA)
4 a m2 4 a m2
Q. 28. Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between
= ∫ 2 ax dx − ∫ mxdx
0 0
x = 0 and x = 2π. [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 5, Page 375, 4a m 2

 NCERT Exemp, Ex. 8.3 Q. 17 Page 177]   4 a m2

Ans.  x 32
  x2 
= 2 a  − m 
 3   2 0
A
 2 0
m  4 a  
32 2
X’ B D X 4  4a 
O = a  2  −   2  
3 m  2  m  
–1
x=
x= 2
32a 2 m  16a 2 
 C 3 = −  
x= 3m3 2  m 4 

Area Required = Area OAB + Area BCD 32a 2 8a 2
= −
π
Area OAB = ∫ y dx 3m3 m3
2
0
8a
Here, y = sin x = sq. units
3m3 [3]
π
= ∫ sin x dx Q. 30. Find the area enclosed by the parabola 4y = 3x2
0
and the line 2y = 3x + 12.
=− [ − cos x ]0
π
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 7, Page 375]
= −[cos π − cos 0] Ans. The area enclosed between the parabola, 4y = 3x2,
and line, 2y = 3x + 12, is represented by the shaded
= −[ −1 − 1] area OBAO as
= −[ −2] Y
=2 12
11 B
2π
Area BCD = ∫ y dx 4y=3x² 10 (4, 12)
π 9
Here, y = sin x 8
2π
7
= ∫ sin x dx 6
π 5
[− cos x ]π
2π
= (–2, 3)A 3
4

= −[cos 2π − cos π ] 2
1 D
=−[1 − ( −1)] X’ X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
= −2 –1
–2
Since area cannot be negative, Y’
Area BCD=2 The points of intersection of the given curves are A
Hence,
Required area = Area OAB + Area BCD [3] (–2, 3) and (4, 12).
=2+2 We draw AC and BD perpendicular to x-axis.
=4 sq.units ∴Area OBAO = Area CDBA – (Area ODBO +Area
Q. 29. Find the area enclosed between the parabola OACO)
y2 = 4ax and the line y = mx. 4 1 4 3x
2
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 6, Page 375] = ∫ ( 3x + 12 ) dx − ∫ dx
−2 2 −2 4
Ans. The area enclosed between the parabola, y2 = 4ax,
and the line y = mx, is represented by the shaded 4 4

area OABO as 1  3x 2  3  x3 
=  + 12x  −  
Y y=4x 2 2  −2 4  3  −2
1 1
y²=4x = [24 + 48 − 6 + 24] − [64 + 8]
A 2 2
1 1
B
(
4a , 4a
) = [90] − [72]
m² m 2 4
(0, 0)
O = 45 − 18
X’ X
O C = 27 sq. units [3]
Q. 31. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the
x2 y2 x y
ellipse + = 1 and the line + = 1 .
9 4 3 2
Y’  [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 8, Page 375]
 = ∫
0
b 1−
a2
dx − ∫ b 1 − dx
0
 a
b a b a

a ∫0
= a 2 − x 2 dx − ∫ ( a − x )dx
a 0
b  x 2 x2  
a a
a2 x 
=   APPLICATION
a − x 2 + sin
OF−1INTEGRALS
 − ax − | 385
 
a  2 2 a 0  2 0 
 
Ans. The area of the smaller region bounded by
x y b   a 2  π    2 a 2 
x2 y2 =   − a − 
the ellipse, + =1, and the line +
3 2
1, is
= a   2  2    2 
9 4
represented by the shaded region BCAB as :
Y b  a 2π a 2 
=  − 
5 a 4 2
4 ba  π
2

= −1
3 y² 2a  2 
A (0, 2) x² +
2 C9 4 =1 ab  π 
= −1
2  2 
1
B (3, 0)
O X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 ab
–1 = (π − 2) sq. units
–2 4 [3]
–3 Q. 33. Using the method of integration find the area of
–4 the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices
–5 are A(2, 0), B (4, 5) and C (6, 3).
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 13, Page 376]
∴Area BCAB= Area (OBCAO) –Area (OBAO) Ans. The vertices of ∆ABC are A (2, 0), B (4, 5), and C (6, 3)
3 x2 3  x Y
= ∫0
2 1−
9
dx − ∫ 2 1 − dx
0
 3 5
B (4, 5)

2 3 2 3 4
9 − x 2 dx  − ∫ (3 − x )dx
3  ∫0
=
 3 0 3 C (6, 3)
3 3
2 x 9 x 2 x2  2
=  9 − x 2 + sin −1  − 3x −  1 (2, 0)
3 2 2 3 0 3  2 0 A
X’ X
2  9  π  2  9 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
=  − 9− 
3  2  2   3 
–1
2
–2
2  9π 9 
= −
3  4 2  Y’
2 9 Equation of line segment AB is
=× (π − 2)
3 4 5−0
y=−0 ( x − 2)
3 4−2
= (π − 2) sq.units
2 2=y 5x − 10
 [3] 5
Q. 32. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the = y ( x − 2)
2 ...(i)
x2 y2 x y
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 and the line + = 1 . Equation of line segment BC is
a b a b
 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 9, Page 375] 3−5
= −5 ( x − 4)
Ans. The area of the smaller region bounded by the 6−4
x2 y2 x y 2 y − 10 = −2x + 8
ellipse, 2 + 2 = 1, and the line, + = 1, is
a b a b 2y = −2x + 18
represented by the shaded region BCAB as y =− x + 9 ...(ii)
Y Equation of line segment CA is
0−3
x2 + y2 =1 y=−3 ( x − 6)
A (0, b) b2 2−6
C a
2
−4 y + 12 = −3x + 18
B (a, 0) 4=
y 3x − 6
O X
3
= y ( x − 2)
4 ...(iii)
x + y =1
a b Area (∆ABC) = Area (ABLA) + Area (BLMCB) –
Area (ACMA)
∴Area BCAB= Area (OBCAO) –Area (OBAO) 45 6 63
= ∫ ( x − 2)dx + ∫ ( − x + 9)dx − ∫ ( x − 2)dx
2 2 2 4
a x2 a  x 4
= ∫0
b 1−
a 2
dx − ∫ b 1 − dx
0
 a 5  x2
4
  −x 2
6
 3  x2 
6

=  − 2x  +  + 9x  −  − 2x 
b a 2 b a 2 2 2  2 4 4  2 2
a ∫0
= a − x 2 dx − ∫ ( a − x )dx 5 3
a 0 = [8 − 8 − 2 + 4] + [ −18 + 54 + 8 − 36] − [18 −12 − 2 + 4]
 2 4
x2  
a a
b x 2 a2 −1 x   3
=   a − x + sin
2
 − ax −   = 5 + 8 − (8)
a  2 2 a 0  2 0  4
 
= 13 − 6
b   a 2  π    2 a 2 
=   − a −  = 7 sq.units
a   2  2    2 
 4 6 6
5  x2   −x 2  3  x2 
=  − 2x  +  + 9x  −  − 2x 
2 2 2  2 4 4  2 2
5 3
= [8 − 8 − 2 + 4] + [ −18 + 54 + 8 − 36] − [18 −12 − 2 + 4]
2 4
386 | OSWAAL3NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII
= 5 + 8 − ( 8)
4
= 13 − 6 The points of intersection of both the curves are
= 7 sq.units 1  1 
[3]  2 , 2  and  , − 2 .
   2 
Q. 34. Using the method of integration find the area of the
region bounded by lines : 2x + y = 4, 3x – 2y = 6 and The required area is given OABCO.
x – 3y + 5 = 0 [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 14, Page 376] It can be observed that are OABCO is symmetrical
Ans. The given equations of lines are about x-axis.
2x + y = 4  … (i) ∴Area OABCO = 2 × Area OBC
2x – 2y = 6  …(ii) Area OBCO =Area OMC + Area MBC
12 321
And, x – 3y + 5 = 0  … (iii) = ∫ 2 x dx + ∫ 9 − 4x 2 dx
Y 0 1 2 2
3x– y =6 12 321
(3) − ( 2x )2 dx
2
5 = ∫ 2 x dx + ∫
(4, 3) 0 12 2
4
(1, 2) C
3 x– 3y =–5
A dt
2 Put 2x =⇒ t dx =
2
1 B (2, 0)
L M 3 1
X When = x = , t 3 and when = x = ,t 1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 2 2
–1 12 1 3
–2 = ∫ 2 x dx + ∫ (3)2 − (t )2 dt
2 x + y =4 0 4 1
–3 12
–4  3 3
x2  1t 2 9 −1  t  
–5 = 2   +  9 − t + sin  3 
3 4 2 2   1
The area of the region bounded by the lines is the  2 0
area of ∆ABC. AL and CM are the perpendiculars
on x-axis.  3

 2  1  2  1  3 9  3 
Area (∆ABC) = Area (ALMCA) – Area (ALB) – Area = 2 + 9 − (3)2 + sin −1   
 3  2   4   2
  2  3 
(CMB)  
4 x + 5  4  3x − 6 
 1  
2
= ∫  dx − ∫ ( 4 − 2x )dx − ∫  1 9
 dx −  9 − (1)2 + sin −1   
1
 3  1 2
 2  2 2  3  
4 4
1  x2  2 1  3x 2  2 1  9  1 9  1  
 + 5x  −  4x − x 1 − 
2
= − 6x  = +  0 + sin −1(1) −  8 + sin −1   
3 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4  2  2 2  3  
1 1  1
= 8 + 30 − − 5 − [8 − 4 − 4 + 1] − [ 24 − 24 − 6 + 12] 2 1  9π 9  1 
3  2  2 = +  − 2 − sin −1   
3 2 4 4 2  3 
 1 45  1
=  ×  − [1] − [6] 2 9π 2 9 1
3 2  2 = + − − sin −1  
3 16 4 8 3
15
= −1− 3 9π 9 1 2
2 = − sin −1   +
15 15 − 8 7 16 8  3  12
 = −4= = sq.units [3]
2 2 2 Therefore, the required area is
  9π 9 1 2   9π 9 −1  1  1
Q. 35. Find the area of the region {(x, y) : y 2 ≤ 4x, 4x 2  2x  − sin −1   +   = − sin   + sq. units.
+4y 2 ≤ 9} [NCERT Misc. Ex. Q. 15, Page 376]   16 8  3  12   8 4 3 3 2
Ans. The area bounded by the curves,  [3]
{ }
( x , y ) : y 2 ≤ 4x , 4x 2 + 4 y 2 ≤ 9 , is represented as Q. 36. Find the area bounded by curves (x – 1)2 + y 2 = 1
Y and x 2 + y 2 = 1 [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 2, Page 371]
Ans. The areas bounded by the curves, (x-1)2 + y2=1
5
and x2+y2=1, is represented by the shaded area as
4 1 , 2
3 2 ( )
y2 = 4 x Y
4x2 + 4y2 = 9 2 C
3, 0 x²+y²=1 (x-1)²+y²=1
1
M B
2 ( ) A

O X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1 X’ X
1 , –2 O M C
–2 A
2 ( )
–3 B
–4
–5 Y’
 3−0
−0
y= ( x + 1)
1+1
=
y
3
APPLICATION
( x + 1)
OF INTEGRALS | 387
2
On solving the equation, (x-1)2+y2 =1 and 1
3 1 3  x2 
x2+y2=1, we obtain the point of intersection as ∴ Area (ALBA )=∫ ( x + 1)dx =  + x
−1 2 2 2
1 3 1 3  −1
A , B ,−
 2 2  and  2 
2  =
3 1 1 
+ 1 − + 1= 3 sq.units
  
2  2 2 
It can be observed that the required area is
symmetrical about x-axis Equation of line segment BC is
∴Area OBCAO = 2 × Area OCAO 2−3
We join AB, which intersects OC at M, such that −3
y= ( x − 1)
3 −1
AM is perpendicular to OC.
1
1 y= ( −x + 7)
The coordinates of M are  , 0 . 2
2  3
⇒ Area OCAO=Area OMAO + Area MCAM 1 3 1  x2 
∴ Area(BLMCB)=∫ ( − x + 7 )dx = − + 7x 
1 2 2 2 1
=  ∫ 1 − ( x − 1)2 dx + ∫ 1 − x 2 dx 
12 1

 0 12  1 9 1 
= − + 21 + − 7  = 5 sq.units
 x −1 1 2 x
1
1 
1 2  2 2 
=  1− ( x − 1)2 + sin −1( x −1) +  1− x 2 + sin −1 x 
 2 2 0  2 2 1 2 Equation of line segment AC is
 1 2

 1 1 1  1 2−0
=  − 1 −  −  + sin −1  − 1 − sin −1( −1)
 4  2  2  2  2  −0
y= ( x + 1)
  3 +1
1 1  1 
2
1  1 
 1
+  sin −1(1) − 1 −   − sin −1    =
y ( x + 1)
2 4 2 2  2  2
  3
 3 1  π  1  π   1  π  3 1  π 
1 3 1  x2 
= −
8
+  −  −  −  +    −
2 6 2 2 2 2 8
−  
2  6  
∴ Area(AMCA )=
2 ∫ −1
( x + 1)dx =  + x
2 2  −1
        
1 9 1 
= + 3 − + 1= 4 sq.units
 3 π π π π
= − − + + −  2  2 2 
 4 12 4 4 12 
Therefore, from equation (i), we obtain
 3 π π Area (∆ABC) = (3 + 5 – 4) = 4 sq.units [3]
= − − + 
 4 6 2  Q. 38. Using integration find the area of the triangular region
 2π whose sides have the equations y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1
3
=  −  and x = 4. [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 5, Page 371]
 6 4  Ans. The equations of sides of the triangle are y = 2x+1,
Therefore, required area OBCAO y = 3x +1, and x = 4.
 2π On solving these equations, we obtain the vertices
3   2π 3
2×
 6
−  =  −  sq. units [3] of triangle as A (0, 1), B (4, 13), and C (4, 9).
 4   3 2  Y
Q. 37. Using integration find the area of region bounded
B(4, 13)
by the triangle whose vertices are (– 1, 0), (1, 3) and
(3, 2). [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 4, Page 371] x=4
1

Ans. BL and CM are drawn perpendicular to x-axis

+

C(4, 9)
3x

It can be observed in the following figure that,

y=

Area (∆ACB) – Area (ALBA) +Area (BLMCB) – 1

Area (AMCA)  … (i) (0, 1) 2 x+
y=
Y A
X’ X
O h
B (1, 3)

Y’
C (3, 2)
(–1, 0) It can be observed that,
A
X’ X Area (∆ACB) = Area (OLBAO) – Area (OLCAO)
O
4 4

Y’
= ∫
0
(3x + 1)dx − ∫ ( 2x + 1)dx
0
4 4
Equation of line segment AB is  3x 2   2x 2 
=  + x −  + x
3−0  2 0  2 0
−0
y= ( x + 1)
1+1 = ( 24 + 4) − (16 + 4)
3 = 28 − 20
=
y ( x + 1)
2 = 8 sq.units
1
[3]
3 1 3  x2 
∴ Area (ALBA )=∫ ( x + 1)dx =  + x
−1 2 2 2  −1
3 1 1 
=  + 1 − + 1= 3 sq.units
388 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Q. 39. Find the angle of intersection of the curves y2 =4ax dy 2a a1 3

and x2 = 4by [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2016] y 2 = 4ax ⇒ = , slope = 1 3 ...(i)
dx y 2b
Ans. Equation of given curves 13

y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4by dy x 2a

x 2 = 4by ⇒ = , slope= 1 3 ...(ii)
Their point of intersections are (0, 0) and dx 2b b
( 4a 13 23
b , 4a 2 3b1 3 ) At (0, 0), angle between two curves is 90˚ [4]

Long Answer Type Questions (5 or 6 marks each)

Q. 1. Find the area of the circle 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 9 which is 1 2 9 2 2

2
interior to the parabola x = 4 y . =  + sin 
2  6 4 3 
 [NCERT Ex. 8.2, Q. 1, Page 371]
Y Therefore, the required area OBCDO
x²=4y
4  1 2 9 2 2 
= 2×  + sin −1 
 2  6 4 3  
3 
2 C  2 9 2 2
=  + sin −1 
D 1 B
(2, 12 )  6 4 3  [5]

X’ E X Q. 2. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x ,

–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1MA 2 3 4 x = 2 y +3 in the first quadrant and x-axis.
–1
4x²+4y²=9
–2
3,0
2 ( )  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 15, Page 177]
Ans. We have y = x and =x 2y + 3
–3 On solving we get,
y = 2y + 3 , y ≥ 0
–4
Y’ y 2 =2 y + 3, y ≥ 0
Ans. The required area is represented by the shaded y 2 − 2y − =
3 0, y ≥ 0
region OBCDO. Solving the given equation of circle,
4x 2 + 4 y 2 =
9, and parabola, x 2 = 4 y, we obtain the ( y − 3)( y + 1)= 0, y ≥ 0

point of intersection as B  2 , 1  and D  − 2 , 1  y= 3, − 1

[2]
 2   2 
  The graph of function y = x is part of parabola
It can be observed that the required area is y 2 = x lying above x-axis.
symmetrical about y-axis.
The graph is as shown in the following figure :
∴Area of OBCDO = 2 × Area of OBCO Y
We draw BM perpendicular to OA.
Therefore, the coordinates of M are 2, 0 . ( )
Therefore, –
Area of OBCO = Area of OMBCO – Area of OMBO y =3

2
(9 − 4x ) dx −
2 2
x2
x=2y + 3
= ∫
0 4 ∫ 0 4
dx X

2 2
1 1
∫ 9 - 4x 2 dx − ∫ x dx
2
=
2 0 4 0
[1½]
2 2
1 2 9 −1 2 x  1  x2  From the figure, area of the shaded region,
= x 9 − 4 x + sin −  
4  2 3  0 4  3 0 3

∫ (2y + 3 − y
2
=
A )dy
0
1 9 -1 2 2
 1
( 2)
3
=  2 9 − 8 + sin − 3
4  2 3  12  2y 2 y3 
=  + 3y − 
 2 3 0
2 9 2 2 2
= + sin −1 −
4 8 3 6  18 
= + 9 − 9 − 0 
2 9 2 2 2 
= + sin −1
12 8 3 =9 sq.units [1½]
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 389

Q. 3. Find the region bounded by the curves y 2 = 2 x y=5 − x

(ii)
2 2
and x + y = 4 x .  2 −1
Equation of line AC is y − 1=  (x+1)
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 16, Page 177]  3+1 
Ans. We have, y 2=2x and x 2+y 2=4x 1
y − 1= (x+1).
y 2=2x is parabola opening to the right of positive 4
direction x-axis :
4y=x+5
x 2+y 2=4x (iii)

 [2]
⇒ (x − 2)2+y 2=4 is a circle having centre at (2, 0) Solving equations (i) and (ii) we get point of
and radius 2. intersection (0, 5)
Solving curves Solving equations (ii) and (iii) we get point of
⇒ x 2+2x=4x intersection (3, 2)
Solving equations (i) and (iii) we get point of
x 2 − 2x=0
intersection (−1, 1)
0, 2
⇒x= These lines are plotted on coordinate plane as
When x=0, y=0 and when x =2, y =±2 shown in following figure :
Point of intersection are (0, 0), (2, 2) and (2, -2) [2] Y
Graph is as shown below. 6
Y 5
3 4
y= 4x+5 +5
y² = 2x 3 4y= x
2 2
x²+y²=9x y= 5–x
1 1
X X
– O 1 2 3 4 5 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 –1
[1]
–2 From the figure, area of the shaded region,
–3 0 3 3
x+5
[1]
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
A=
−1
∫ ( 4x + 5) dx + ∫ (5 − x ) dx − ∫ (
0 −1 4
) dx

2 2
0 3 3
A 2 ∫ 22 − ( x − 2)2 − 2 ∫ 2xdx
=  4x 2   x2  1  x2 
=  + 5x  +  5x −  −  + 5x 
 2 2 0 4  2
0 0
 −1   −1
 x − 2 22  x − 2   x  
2 32
2

= 2  22 − ( x − 2)2 + sin −1  − 2    9  1 9 1
 2 2
 
 2 0  3 2 0  = [0 − 2 + 5] + 15 − − 0  −  + 15 − 
   2  4 2 2
 π  2 2 32  15
= 2  0 + 0 − 0 + 2.  − ( 2 − 0)  = sq.units
 2 3  2 [2]
2
16 Q. 5. Draw a rough sketch of the region ( x , y ) : y ≤ 6 ax
=2π − and x 2 + y 2 ≤ 16 a2 . Also find the area of the region
3
 8 sketched using method of integration.
=2  π −  sq. units  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 19, Page 177]
 3 [2]
Ans. We have y 2 ≤ 6ax , which represents the region
Q. 4. Find the area of region bounded by the triangle
whose vertices are (−1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2), using interior of parabola y 2=6ax towards focus and
integration. x 2 + y 2 ≤ 16a 2 represents the interior to circle
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 18, Page 177] x 2 + y 2 ≤ 16a 2
Ans. We have vertices of the ∆ABC as A (−1, 1), B (0, 5) On solving circle and parabola we get,
and C (3, 2). x 2+6ax=16a 2
 5 −1 
Equation of AB is=y −1   ( x + 1) x 2+6ax − 16a 2=0
 0 +1
         y − 1= 4x + 4 ( x − 2)( x + 8a ) =
0

          = y 4x + 5 (i) x=2a, − 8a [1]

 2−5 Putting value x = 2a in parabola we get, the graph
y −5 
Equation of BC is=  ( x − 0)
3−0 of functions are as shown in the figure :
y − 5 =− x
 390 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Y 0 3 3
 4x 2   x2  1  x2 
=  + 5x  +  5x −  −  + 5x 
 2  −1  2 0 4  2  −1
a² 6ax
6 y²=
²=1  9  1 9 1
x²+
y =[0 − 2+5]+ 15 − − 0  −  +15 − 
 2  4 2 2
X
O 2a 4a 15
= sq.units
2 [2]
Q. 7. Draw a rough sketch of the given curve,
y = 1+ x +1 , x = -3, x = 3 and y = 0. Find the area
[2] of region bounded by them, using integration.
From the figure area of the shaded portion is,  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 23, Page 177]
2a −4 a

A= 2  ∫ 6axdx + ∫ ( 4a )2 − x 2 dx  Ans. We have y=1+ x+1 , x = -3 x = 3 and y = 0,
0 2a  − x − 1, x < −1
Now x + 1 = 
 4a  + x + 1, x ≥ −1
2a
3

 2x 2  x 2 2 ( 4 a )2 −1 x  
= 2  6a ×

+  ( 4a ) − x + sin   −x , x < −1 
 3  2 2 4a  2 a  y =1 + x + 1 =  
 
 + x + 2, x ≥ −1
 0 
 2 3
π 2a π Graph of the above function with x = -3, x = 3 as is
= 2  6 a ( 2 a ) 2 + 8a 2 . − 16a 2 − 4a 2 − 8a 2 .  shown in the following figure :
 3 2 2 6
Y
On solving the above equation 5 2
2 8a 2π  4 x+
= 2  3a2 +  y=
3 3  y=–x 3
4 2 x=–3 2 x=3
= a ( 3+4π ) sq.units 1
3 [2] X
Q. 6. Compute the area bounded by the lines y = 4x + 5, –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1
y = 5 - x and 4y = x + 5.
[3]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 21, Page 177]
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
Ans. y=4 x+5  (i) −1 3

y=5 − x  (ii) A =2 ∫ − x dx + ∫ ( x + 2) dx
−3 −1
4y=x+5  (iii) −1 3
On solving the equations (i) and (ii) we get point of  x2   x2 
= −   +  +2x 
intersection (0, 5)  2  −3  2  −1
On solving the equations (ii) and (iii) we get point 1 9  9 1 
= −  −  +  +6 − +2 
of intersection (3, 2) 2 2 2 2 
On solving the equations (i) and (iii) we get point of
=16 sq. units
intersection (−1, 1) [2] . [2]
These lines are plotted on coordinate plane as Q. 8. Use the method of integration find the area of
shown in following figure ∆ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are A(4, 1),
Y B(6, 6) and C(8, 4).
6  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
5 Ans. We have vertices of a ∆ABC as A(−1, 1), B(0, 5) and
4 C(3, 2).
+5  6 −1 
y= 4x+5 3 4y= x Equation of AB is y − 1=  (x+4)
2 6−4
y= 5–x 2y − 2=5x − 20
1
X 5x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 y= − 9
–1 2  (i)
[1]
4−6
From the figure, area of shaded region, Equation of BC is y − 6=  (x − 6)
0 3 3
8−6
x+5 y=12 − x (ii)
A= ∫ ( 4x + 5) dx + ∫ (5 − x ) dx − ∫ ( 4
) dx
4 −1
−1 0 −1
Equation of line AC is y − 1=  (x − 4)
 8+4 
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 391
3x Area of OAB=Area of ∆ACB+Area of ∆ABC
y= −2
4  (iii) 1 1 3
Y Area of ∆ACB = × OC × AC = × 3 × 1 =
B (6, 6) 2 2 2
2
Area of ∆ABC = ∫ ydx
3
C (8, 4) 2
(4, 1)A = ∫ 3
4 − x 2 dx
2
X x 4 x
D E F =  4 − x 2 + sin −1 
4 6 8 [3] 2 2 2 3

These lines are plotted on coordinate plane as  π 3 3

shown in following figure : = 2 × − 4 − 3 − sin −1 
 2 2 2 
From the figure, area of the shaded region,
6
5x
8 6
3x  3π 2π 
A= ∫( 2 − 9)dx + ∫ (12 − x )dx − ∫ ( − 2)dx =π − − 
4  2 3 
4 6 4

 5x  
6 8 6 π 3
2
x   3x 2  2
=  −  sq. units.
=  − 9x  + 12x −  −  − 2x 
4 2 6  8  3 2 
   4  4
=7 sq. units Area enclosed by x axis the line x= 3 y and
  [3] 3
Q. 9. Find the area enclosed between the parabola the circle x 2+y 2=4 in the first quadrant= +
2
4 y = 3 x 2 and straight line 3x − 2y + 12 = 0. π 3  π
 −  = units. [6]
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]  3 2  3
Ans. Given that the curve 4 y = 3x 2  (i)
Q. 11. Using integration, find the area of region bounded
The line 3x − 2y+12=0 (ii)
by the triangle whose vertices are (–2, 1), (0, 4) and
From equation (ii)
(2, 3). [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017]
3x+12
y= 3
2 Ans. Equation of AB : y= 2 x+4
Putting value of y in equation (i) x
6x+24=3x 2 Equation of BC : y=4 −
2
x=4, − 2 1
Equation of AC : y= x+2
When x = 4 then y = 12 2
When x = -2 then y = 3 B (0, 4)
Required area
4
 3x + 12 3x 
2
= A ∫ −  dx
C (2, 3)
−2  2 4  (–2, 1)A
  =27 sq. units. [6]
Q. 10. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant –2 0 2 [3]
Required area
enclosed by x-axis, line x= 3 y and the circle
0 2 2
x 2 + y 2 = 4 . [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017] 3   x 1 
Ans. The area of the region bounded by the circle
= ∫−2  2 x + 4 dx + ∫0  4 − 2  dx − −∫2  2 x + 2  dx
x 2 + y 2 = 4 , x= 3 y, and the x-axis is the area of  3x 2 
0

2 2
x2   x2 
OAB. =  + 4x  +  4x −  −  + 2x 
Y x= 3y  4  −2  2 0  4  −2
x²+y²= 4 =5+7–8
B = 4 sq. units. [3]
3y, 1)
A (
Q. 12. Using the method of integration, find the area of
the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices
O B are A(1, 2), B(2, 0) and C(4, 3).
X’ X
 [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2017]
Ans. Equation of AB : y= x+5
3
3x
Equation of BC : y= − 2
Y’ 2
The point of intersection of the line and circle lies in Equation of AC : y=4 − 2x
the first quadrant ( 3 , 1).
392 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

Y
4
7
3 B (4, 3)
A(1, 2
) 6 2x+y=7
2 5
1 4 =1
y –x
3
0 1 C (2, 0) 3 4
2
x+2y=2
Required area, 1
4
 x +5
2
 3x
4
 X
dx − ∫ ( 4 − 2x ) dx − ∫  2 − 2  dx
–3 –2 –1 O
=A ∫ 
1 3  1 2  
–1
1 2 3 4

4 4
1  x2  2  3x 2  ∴ From the figure, area of the shaded region
 + 5x  −  4x − x 1 − 
2
= − 3x 
3 2 1  4 2
2
 2−x
4
 2−x
A= ∫  x + 1 − 2 
dx + ∫  7 − 2x −
 2 
dx
15 7 0 2
= − 1 − 3= sq. units. [6] 2
3x
4
3 
2 2 
= ∫ 2
dx + ∫  6 − x  dx
 2 
Q. 13. Using integration, find the area of the region 0 2
2 2 2 4
(x + y ≤ 1 ≤ x + y)  3x 2   3x 2 
=   +  6x − 
 [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2017]  4 0  4 2
Ans. =3 + ( 24 − 12) − (12 − 3) =6 sq. units. [5]
(0, 1) Q. 15. Using integration find the area of the region {(x, y) :
x2 + y2 ≤ 2ax, y2 ≥ ax, x, y ≥ 0}.
(1, 0)  [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2016]
x+ Ans. We have
(0, 0) y= x2 + y2 ≤ 2ax
1
⇒ x2 – 2ax + y2 ≤0
x²+y²=1 ⇒ x2 – 2ax + a2 – a2 + y2 ≤ 0
Required area, ⇒ (x – a)2 + y2 ≤ a2 .
Also,
1 
=  ∫ 1 − x 2 − (1 − x )  dx
A y2 ≥ ax
0  To find the point of intersection of (x – a)2 + y2 = a2
1 1 and y2 = ax
x 1   x2 
=  1 − x 2 + sin −1 x  −  x −  Substituting, y2 = ax in (x – a)2 + y2 = a2,
2 2 0  2 0
⇒ (x – a)2 + ax = a2
 
1 1 ⇒ x2 + a2 – 2ax + ax = a2
= sin −1(1) −
⇒ x2 – ax = 0
  2 2
⇒ x(x – a) = 0
π 1
=  −  sq. units [6] ⇒ x = 0, a
   4 2  The graph is as follows :
Q. 14. Compute the area bounded by the lines x + 2y = Y (a, a)
2, y – x = 1 and 2x + y = 7
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 8.3, Q. 20, Page 177]
Ans. We have lines X’ X
x + 2y = 2 …(i) (0, 0) O (a, 0)
y – x = 1 …(ii)
and 2x + y = 7 …(iii) (a, –a)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get point of intersection Area of the shaded portion is :
(0, 1)
( )
a
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get point of intersection = ∫ a 2 − ( x − a )2 − ax dx
Area
(2, 3) 0
a
Solving (i) and (iii), we get point of intersection  x− a 2 2 a2 −1 x − a 2 a 3/ 2 
(4, –1) =
Area  a − ( x − a ) + sin − ( x ) 
 2 2 a 3 0
These lines are plotted on coordinate plane as a
shown in the following figure :  a 2
2 a 3/ 2 
Area =  0 + 0 − 0 − sin −1( −1) − ( a) 
 2 3 
 0
a π 2 2
2
=
Area − a
2 2 3
π 2
= a2
Area − sq. units.
 ( )
a
Area = ∫ a 2 − ( x − a )2 − ax dx
0

 x− a 2 a2 x − a 2 a 3/ 2 
a APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS | 393
Area =  a − ( x − a )2 + sin −1 − (x) 
 2 2 a 3 
 0
– )
 a2 2 a 3/ 2 
a
3
Area =  0 + 0 − 0 − sin −1( −1) − ( a)  (1,
 2 3  A
 0
a2 p 2 2
Area = − a
2 2 3
p 2 O 1 2
Area = a 2  −  sq. units.
  4 3 [6]

Q. 16. Using integration, find the area of the region in

the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line
y = x and the circle x2 + y2 =32 Required Area,
1 2
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2018] A=∫ ( 2)2 − ( x − 2)2 dx + ∫ 22 − x 2 dx
0 1
Ans. Given : y = x and x2 + y2 = 32 1 2
 ( x − 2) 4x − x 2 x −2 x 4−x
2
x
Substitute y = x in x2 + y2 = 32, we get = + 2 sin −1  + + 2 sin −1 
  
2 2 2 2
x2 + x2 = 32 0 1
⇒ 2x2 = 32  5p 
= − 3  sq. units
2 [6]
 3 
⇒x = 16
⇒x = ±4 Q. 18. Prove that the curves y2 =4x and x2 = 4y divide the
area of square bounded by x=0, x=4 and y=0 into
(0, 5.657) y=x three equal parts.
5
x²+y²= 32 (4, 4)  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016]
Ans. Point of intersection of y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y are (0, 0)
32, 0)
( and (4, 4);
–10 –5 0 (4, 0) 5 Y
Q (4, 4)
y=4
–5 4
4x
y²=
From the above figure, area of the shaded region, B
4y x=4
4 4 2 =
A = 0 xdx 4 ( 4 2 )2  x 2 dx x²
A
4 4 2 X
x2 x ( 4 2 )2 x  O (0, 0) P 4
A= +  ( 4 2 )2 − x 2 + sin −1 
2 0  2 2 4 2 4
4
 x2 
16  4 4  area (OAQBO ) = ∫  2 x −  dx
A= + 0 + 16 sin −1 1 − 32 − 16 − 16 sin −1 0 4
2  2 4 2  4
4 x 3 
=  x 3 / 2 − 
 π π 3 12  0
= 8 + 16 − 2 × 4 − 16 × 

 2 4 32 16 16
= − =
= 8 + [8p – 8 – 4p]
3 3 3
4
1  16
4
= 4p sq. units
[6] x2
area (OPQAO ) = ∫ dx = x 3  =
Q. 17. Using integration find the area of the region bounded 0 4 12  0 3
4
1  16
4
by the curves y = 4 − x , x2 + y2 – 4x = 0 and the
2 y2
area (OBQRO ) = ∫ dy = y 3  =
x-axis. [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2016] 4 12  0 3
0 [6]
Ans. Their point of intersection is (1, 3 ) Hence, produced the areas of the three regions are
equal.

Some Commonly Made Errors

¾¾ Equations for all curves are different and have different standard form of representation.
394 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-XII

EXPERT ADVICE
☞ Learn all the integral formulae from the chapter.
☞ Learn all the graphs of parabola, circle, lines, etc.
☞ Try to solve conditions and make graphs based on the given questions.

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