Architectural Styles

Architectural Styles
01. Classic Architecture– 7th to 4th century BC
Classic architecture refers to the style that was

predominately used in ancient Greece and Rome. It is
known for
• Symmetry, order, proportion
• Use of marble, concrete.
• Classic design motifs, decorative door surrounds etc
The Parthenon, Athens, Greece
The Colosseum, Rome

02. Romanesque Architecture- 11th & 12th Century
It is an architectural style of Medieval

Europe.
Significant for the introduction of
vaulted roofs designed to replace fire-
prone wood roofs.
Other characteristics
• Thick walls, heavy piers
• Narrow windows
• Stained glass
• Semi-circular arches, large towers.
• Lack of Ornamentation and Detail
Basilica of St. Sernin in Toulouse, France

Pisa Cathedral in Pisa, Italy
Maria Laach Abbey in Germany
03. Gothic Architecture -12th to 16th century
The style was influenced by

Romanesque and prevalent in Europe
(started from France).
It was distinguished by
• Flying buttresses
• Pointed arches that allowed for the
high vaulted ceilings that Gothic Salisbury Cathedral in England
Architecture is known for.
• Longer stained-glass windows
• Ribbed Vaults
• Spires
Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
Notre-Dame in Paris, France
04. Renaissance Architecture- 15th to 16th century
Renaissance originated in Italy and then spread to

Europe. This style is characterized for its perfection
• Focus on symmetry, geometry, proportion
• Orderly arrangement of columns
• Formal landscaped gardens ,semi circular arches,

hemispherical domes, vaulted ceilings, and stone
flooring.
Florence Cathedral, Italy
The architect known to be the

father of the Renaissance is
Filippo Brunelleschi
Villa Rotonda (Villa Almerico-Capra), near Venice
Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Italy
05. Baroque Architecture- 1600 AD to 1755 AD
This highly decorative and theatrical style of

architecture originated in Italy and spread
throughout Europe.
Portrays
• Irregular shapes, exaggerated ornamentation
• Frescoes and ornately painted ceilings,
• Trompe l'oeil paintings (French for “deceives the
eye” - the illusion of a three-dimensional object
on a two-dimensional surface) on the ceilings
and walls, gilding on the interior and exterior
• Bold contrasts, Bright Colours
• Vaulted cupolas
Palace of Versailles in France
Church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola in Italy, St Paul's Cathedral , London
06. NeoClassical Architecture- 1750 AD to 1920 AD
It is the rediscovery of Classical

Greek and Roman Architecture.
This style incorporates grandiose
• Symmetrical composition,
elegant lines.
• Preference for blank walls.
• Triangular pediments, columns.
• Balustraded balconies
• Grand-scale building.
The White House in Washington

The United States Capitol, Wahington DC The British Museum – London, England, United
Kingdom
07. Art-Deco Style- 1920s and 30's
It combined modern styles with fine

craftsmanship and rich materials.
• Sleek, linear appearance with stylized,

often geometric ornamentation
• Utilized materials like stucco,

decorative glass, steel, terracotta,
aluminum, and ceramics.
• Often feature a series of set backs that

create a stepped outline
Chrysler Building, New York Empire State Building, New York
08. Modernism- 1917 to 1965
It emphasize functionalism and simplicity

(Less is More)
• Clean structure,
• Lack of ornamentation,
• Use of new-age materials steel, glass, and
concrete
• Functional, flowing, open space plans.
• Abundance of glass to let in natural light.
Villa Savoye, France
(Ar. Le Corbusier and his cousin Pierre
Jeanneret)
Crown Hall, Chicago
( Ar. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)
Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohewas is famous for his

dictum “Less is more” and his minimalism design style
09.Post Modernism- 1950 to Present
Post Modernism emerged as a reaction to the

formality, austerity, and lack of variety of
modern architecture.
It is characterized by
• Artistic ornamentation
• Asymmetrical shapes, a variety of materials
• Curved Forms
• A mix of architectural styles
• Sense of flow and change of space
Guggenheim Museum ,Bilbao, Spain

( Ar. Frank Gehry )
James R. Thompson Center, Chicago (Ar. Helmut Jahn) Vanna Venturi House by Robert Venturi
Robert Venturi, an iconoclastic architect often

considered the father of postmodernism
The Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia By
Cesar Pelli
Deconstructivism
It is a movement of postmodern architecture which appeared in the

1980s.
• It gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building
• an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry.
• It encourages unrelated forms rather than conventional design

elements (such as right angles or grids).
• Large expanses of a single material (glass, metals, masonry, etc.).

Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles
Denver Art Museum, Colorado, US (Ar. (Ar. Frank Gehry)
Daniel Libeskind)
10. Parametricism- 1997-Present
‘Parametricism’ was coined by principal

architect of Zaha Hadid Architects, Patrik
Schumacher. Parametric design is the latest
technological innovation in architecture,
developed on algorithmic equations to figure
out all the possible designs with the help of
modern tools like CAD, BIM (Building
BMW Welt, Munich, Germany
information modeling) etc. These powerful
computational tools build apparently
Architectural style: Deconstructivism
impossible forms and ingenious structures
that have never been done before.
Realism
Impressionism
Expressionism
Surrealism
Realism
Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet Whistler’s Mother

by Gustave Courbet by James McNeill Whistler
Impressionism
Impression Sunrise by Claude Monet is Luncheon of the Boating Party

responsible for the actual name Impressionism. By Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Expressionism
The Scream by Edvard Munch Lady in a Green Jacket

by August Macke
Surrealism
The Double Secret, by René Magritte The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí
Realism Impressionism
Realism was an attempt to Impressionism aimed to
represent subject matter capture the essence of the
accurately and truthfully object through careful use of
without artificiality and light
avoiding speculative fiction
and supernatural elements
Expressionism Surrealism
In surrealism artists depicted
Expressionism uses vivid unnerving, illogical scenes and
colors to convey the artist’s developed techniques to allow
subjective emotional the unconscious mind to
response to that object. express itself

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Architectural Styles

01. Classic Architecture– 7th to 4th century BC

Classic architecture refers to the style that was

The Parthenon, Athens, Greece

The Colosseum, Rome

It is an architectural style of Medieval

Basilica of St. Sernin in Toulouse, France

The style was influenced by

Renaissance originated in Italy and then spread to

• Focus on symmetry, geometry, proportion

• Orderly arrangement of columns

• Formal landscaped gardens ,semi circular arches,

Florence Cathedral, Italy

The architect known to be the

This highly decorative and theatrical style of

It is the rediscovery of Classical

The White House in Washington

It combined modern styles with fine

• Sleek, linear appearance with stylized,

• Utilized materials like stucco,

• Often feature a series of set backs that

It emphasize functionalism and simplicity

Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohewas is famous for his

Post Modernism emerged as a reaction to the

Guggenheim Museum ,Bilbao, Spain

Robert Venturi, an iconoclastic architect often

It is a movement of postmodern architecture which appeared in the

• It gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building

• an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry.

• It encourages unrelated forms rather than conventional design

• Large expanses of a single material (glass, metals, masonry, etc.).

‘Parametricism’ was coined by principal

Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet Whistler’s Mother

Impression Sunrise by Claude Monet is Luncheon of the Boating Party

The Scream by Edvard Munch Lady in a Green Jacket

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