Index

S.NO. CONTENTS

1 History
2 Terminologies
3 Laws & Rules of Basketball
4 Latest Changes in Rules
5 Official Signs
6 Training Equipment
7 Common Injuries
8 Tournament & Venues
9 Indian Basketball Team (Men & Women)

10 Arjuna Awards

11 Bibliographhy
 History of Basketball
Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James
Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-
year-old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep
athletes indoors during the winters. The game became established
fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed,
first in America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball
became established in American colleges, the professional game
followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA),
established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the
end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of culture.
The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James
Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to
condition young athletes during cold months. Naismith was a
physical education instructor at YMCA International Training School
(now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Upon the request of his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an
indoor sports game to help athletes keep in shape in cold weather. It
consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13
rules for the new game. He divided his class of eighteen into two
teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics of
his new game. The objective of the game was to throw the basketball
into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor
could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the
bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball
game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
 Terminologies in
Basketball
Air ball: a shot that misses everything, including the rim, net,
and backboard.

·Alley-oop: a pass high above the rim that allows a player to

catch and dunk or drop the ball in one motion.
Dunk: a high-scoring play in which a player jumps and slams
the ball through the basket with their hand.

Double Dribble: It's a violation that's whistled when a player

makes a controlled dribble, pauses, and then dribbles the
basketball again.
Tip-off: the method used to begin a game, in which the ball is
thrown into the air and two players jump to try to tap it to a
teammate.

Traveling: a violation in which a player takes more than the

allowed number of steps without dribbling the ball.
 Laws & Rules
Naismith's Original Rules
There were only thirteen rules of "basketball" earlier:
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
3. A player cannot run with the ball, the player must throw it from the spot
on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the
ball when running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands, the arms or body must
not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the
person of an opponent shall be allowed. The first infringement of this
rule by any person shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him
until the next goal.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3 and 4, and such
as described in rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for
opponents.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown from grounds into the
basket and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponent
moves the basket it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire
shall throw it straight into the field.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls, and
notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball
is in play, in-bounds, and to which side it belongs, and shall keep the
time.
12. The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five-minute rests between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.
Current Rules & Regulations

1. Basketball is a game in which five players from each team play at a time
on the basketball court.
2. The players aim to score a basket by putting the ball inside the hoop
elevated 10 ft above the ground.
3. The team with the ball in possession is the team on offense, and the
opposition is the team on defence.
4. Once the offensive team has the ball, they have 24 seconds on the shot
clock to shoot it toward the basket. If the offensive team either fails to
shoot the ball or fails to touch the rim or make the shot, a 24-second shot-
clock violation is granted to the offensive team, resulting in a turnover.
5. If the offensive team fails to bring the ball up the court (beyond their
backcourt) within eight seconds, an 8-second violation is called, resulting
in a turnover.
6. There can be a total of 12 players on the team roster, but only five can play
at a time.
7. The game of basketball consists of four quarters of 12 minutes each, and if
scores are tied at the end of it, there is a five minutes’ extension called
“overtime”.
8. The scoring rules are simple. If you shoot from behind the arc, you will get
three points whereas shots from inside the arc earn two points. Also, each
free throw is worth a single point.
9. There are a variety of ways to score 1, 2, 3, or 4 points on a single
possession. For e.g., While any shot within the three-point arc is
considered to be worth 2 points, if the shooter is fouled during the
upward motion of the shot, and the shot goes in, then the basket counts
and the player gets a chance at an And-1 by getting one free throw as
well. The shooter is granted 1 free throw (worth 1 point) and if the shooter
makes the free throw, a three-point play is said to be completed. Similarly,
if the player is fouled during a three-point shot and the shot goes in, he
gets a chance at a four-point play.
10. Each team has a fixed number of team fouls, and each player has a fixed
number of personal fouls. Exceeding the team foul limit (5 per quarter in the
NBA) results in bonus free throws for the opposing team while exceeding the
personal foul limit (6 per game in the NBA) results in the ejection of the said
player.
11. A player playing on the court can be substituted from the players on the
bench by the coach. A coach can make an unlimited number of substitutions
throughout the game.

Latest Changes in Rules

The main changes of the new FIBA Official Basketball Rules include:
1. Head Coach Challenge – an opportunity for a head coach to ask for the
Instant Replay (IRS) review.
2. Last 2 minutes Throw-in Foul penalty - it will no longer be an automatic
Unsportsmanlike Foul during the last 2 minutes of the 4th quarter and
each overtime.
3. LED glass flooring (Basketball Equipment) – Level 1 FIBA competitions
are now permitted to have a LED glass floor. This allows the display of
game lines as well as a wider range of commercial and fan
engagement.
 Official Signs & Signals

1. Start Clock: The official raises his right hand and drops it to his side to
signal the clock should be started.
2. Stop Clock: When a referee lifts his right hand directly up and blows the
whistle, the timekeeper should stop the clock.
3. Double Dribble: The referee puts both of his hands in front of him with his
palms down, then alternates moving them up and down.
4. Beckoning: The referee will raise his hand at a 45o angle and motion the
substitute player onto the court.
5. Point Scored: A referee will indicate that points are scored by using his
fingers to indicate the number of points scored.
6. 24 Second Reset: The referee will swing his right arm by extending it
vertically above to signal a 24 second violation and eventual turnover.
7. Travelling: The referee will bend his elbows toward the chest with the fists
closed and move them in a circular motion.
8. Technical Foul: A referee will signal a technical foul by forming a “T” with
his hands, placing the left hand vertically and the right hand horizontally
overtop.
Training Equipment
Wilson Evolution Indoor Basketball

D-Man
Basketball Court Makers

Weighted Basketballs
Pass Toss Back

Agility Ladder
 Common Injuries
Ankle Sprain: the impacted area of the ankle
swells up significantly and dark bruises
form on the surface.

Contusions: proper medical term for

bruising caused by the hitting of dense ball
on body in the case of basketball or falling.
Shin Splints: cause pain in the front of the
lower leg (shins) and make it very
uncormfortable for athletes to run.

ACL Tear: a tear in the ligament of the

knee (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
Major Tournaments
National Basketball Association (NBA): the
NBA is the premier professional basketball
league in the United States. It features top
teams and players competing for the
championship title. The NBA Finals, held
annually in June, determine the league
champion
March Madness (NCAA Division I Men’s
Basketball Tournament): this college
basketball tournament is organized by the
National Collegiate Athletic Association
(NCAA). It involves 68 college teams
competing in a single-knockout format to
determine the national champion.
FIBA Basketball World Cup: the FIBA
Basketball World Cup is an international
competition for men’s national teams. It is
organized by the International Basketball
Federation (FIBA) and takes place every four
years.
United Basketball Alliance (UBA) Pro League:
India’s first men’s professional basketball
league, featuring eight teams competing in
a league cum knock-out format.
 Venues
Pierre Mauroy Stadium, Lille, France

Thyagaraj Stadium, Delhi, India

 Indian Basketball Team
(Men)

Players:
1. Vishesh Bhriguvanshi (Captain)
2. Sahaij pratap singh Sehkon
3. Amritpal Singh
4. Muin Bek Hafeez
5. Aravind kumar muthu krishnan
6. Kanwar Gurbaj Singh
7. Palpreet singa Brar
8. Amarendra Nayak
9. Pranav Prince
10. Vaishak K Manoj
11. Princepal Singh
12. Baladaneshwar P
 Indian Basketball Team
(Women)

Players:
1. Shireen Vijay Limaye (Captain)
2. Vaishnavi Yadav
3. Shruthi Aravind
4. Stephy Nixon
5. Sathya Senthil Kumar
6. Navaneetha Pattemane
7. Sreekala Rani
8. Anumaria Chenganamattath
9. Sahana Mohan
10. Pushpa Senthil Kumar
11. Madhu Kumari
12. Nishanthi Masilamani
 Arjuna Awards
Geethu Anna Jose (2014)

Other Awardees:
Vishesh Bhriguvanshi (2020)
Parmender Singh (2001)
Anil Kumar Punj (1974)
Sarbjit Singh (1961)
 Bibliography
https://www.basketballforcoaches.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ba
sketball/
https://www.basketballfederationindia.org/