Computer Aided Design (Framework)

Theoretical framework
Computer Aided Design (CAD). It is a design system, quite well known and used,
that allows significantly expanding the possibilities of traditional drawing systems
and whose main advantage lies in the speed with which it allows modifications to
be made in the design, unlike what happened when Designs were made on paper.
The possibilities of the CAD system are enormous, being able to perform a wide
range of tasks, among which we can highlight:
 View any model on the screen in three dimensions and in perspective.

 Use different colors for each surface.
 Automatically remove hidden lines and surfaces.
 Rotate or move the piece.
 Obtain any type of sections, drawing floor plans and elevations
automatically.
 Calculate the volume, surface, center of gravity, inertia, etc., of each piece.
SolidWorks is an example of a computer-aided design program for mechanical

modeling that runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system and is currently
developed by SolidWorks Corp., a subsidiary of Dassault Systemes (Suresnes,
France). This program allows you to model parts and assemblies and extract from
them both plans and other types of information necessary for production. The
process consists of transporting the designer's mental idea to the CAD system,
''virtually building'' the part or set of parts. Subsequently, all extractions (plans and
exchange files) are carried out in an automated manner.
What is SolidWorks software?
It is a parametric and feature-based solid modeling design tool that takes
advantage of the ease of learning of the Windows graphical user interface. You
can create fully associative 3D solid models with or without constraints while
simultaneously using automatic or user-defined relationships to capture design
intent.
Definition of design and computer-aided design

Design: Process or work intended to project, coordinate, select and organize a set
of elements to produce and create visual objects intended to communicate specific
messages to specific groups.
Computer-aided design: It is the use of a wide range of computer tools that assist
engineers, architects and other design professionals in their respective activities. It
is any computer system designed to assist the designer in his specific task.
Historical overview
To better understand what design is, you should start with a brief historical
overview of this discipline and the vicissitudes that have led it to what it is today.
The craftsmanship
The production of objects, for centuries, has been in the hands, never better said,
of artisans. There are three characteristics that are interesting to highlight about
this period.
First: The artisanal object was made individually, not in series, and therefore there
were differences between objects of the same type made by the same artisan.
Differences that could be due to singularities of the material, the client's desire, the
craftsman's own inspiration or his expertise.
Second: The craftsman maintained a direct relationship with the object he made
and could modify parts of it at any time.
Third: The evolution of artisanal objects responds to a process that Christopher
Alexander called a "self-conscious" process. The craft was transmitted from
generation to generation based on the learning of skills in the use of tools,
knowledge of materials and formal models of the object that was being made.
The industrial Revolution
All the scientific and technological discoveries of the 18th and 19th centuries give
rise to what is known as the Industrial Revolution. Fundamentally characterized by
the appearance of the machine, the division of labor and chain production.
During the 19th century, advances in communications, by train or ship, accelerated
and multiplied commercial relations. The transfer of the rural population to the
cities and the emergence of a large middle class expanded the population's
capacity and desire for consumption. Both phenomena together resulted in a much
larger market willing to consume whatever was produced. Demand that the newly
created industrial capitalism of the time was willing to satisfy.
The process changes

The three characteristics of the artisanal process of producing objects disappear.
Compared to the individualized realization of each piece, mass production appears
and with it, homogenization and the concept of "standard." The direct relationship
of the artisan with the object no longer exists, now the intermediation of an
increasingly faster and more complex machine prevents the object from being
varied or modified during its manufacture. These two changes require that the
object be perfectly defined before entering production. That is, there is a previous
project. And with it there is sufficient distancing between the idea and its
materialization to be able to question the reason for the object, its characteristics,
its usefulness or its beauty. And so what had never been questioned, because it
was part of a process "unconscious of itself", becomes systematically analyzed,
questioned and, finally, taken as the basis of every project. Design was born, that
is, the design discipline whose purpose is to define the formal and structural
characteristics of an industrially produced object.
Design as culture
Design is undoubtedly a cultural phenomenon. From the creative freedom of the
project, the designer proposes new ways of use, or new symbolic references,
thereby inviting us to establish different relationships with the domestic or urban
environment. Design is, furthermore, what configures in all its variety the universe
of artificial objects that responds at all times to the cultural, political and social
characteristics of the society that creates it and which is, in turn, one of the means
to through which we relate and communicate as human beings.
Stages of the design process
1.- Emergence of an idea.
A feasible idea arises and to develop it it is necessary to ask several questions

about what, how, why, for whom, where and when of the creative project.
2.- Sketching.
After establishing the concepts and whys of a design, an abstraction process
follows in which the shapes and elements that make up the creative piece are
sketched and developed.
3.- Integration and testing.
Appearance and functionality are integrated to give a justifiable shape to the

design. At this stage, the relevant use and image tests are also carried out to know
if the product that was developed has turned out well.
4.- Publication.
At this stage, the design object is made available to the consumer and its scope,
sales levels and the expected success it could achieve are tested.
5.- Consolidation.
If the product acquires the quality of integrating into the consumer's life, success is
achieved. From this moment on, the product can modify habits or influence
behaviors. But we must not lose sight of the product, do not forget that the
competition will always innovate and products can always be renewed.
The computer in the design process

Drawing has evolved considerably, after drawing on rock caves, today computer-
aided drawing occupies an important role in drawing, known as CAD. CAD is the
process in which computers are used to improve the manufacturing, development
and design of products, increasing the price and greater precision in the products.
This consists of a graphic table and software specialized in drawing using virtual
dimensions. Computerized drawing is a tool to graphically represent and describe
an object. This tool uses an exact measurement system and dimensions with
measurements of length, height, depth, angles, etc. This type of drawing is divided
into two branches: the artistic branch and the technical branch. Artistic drawing
expresses ideas and feelings while technical drawing represents real
characteristics of an object. Computer-aided technical drawing is mainly applied in
architecture, the automotive industry and in the field of technology and robotics. A
CAD (computer-aided drafting) tool is software that addresses the automation of
the design process of a certain type of construction. Success in using CAD
systems is mainly seen in the reduction of time spent on drawing.
Nowadays, drawing has reached an incredible degree of importance. In our

environment, the drawing of most architectural and engineering offices is carried
out through a computer program called (Auto CAD), this program began with
version No. .14 and has currently reached version No.2000.
The use of computerized drawing is important in all branches of engineering and

industry, and also in architecture and geology it is of utmost importance to achieve
work accurately, and with a minimum margin of error. Its fundamental purpose is to
convey the exact shape and dimensions of an object. An ordinary perspective
drawing does not provide information about hidden details of the object and is
usually not adjusted to its true proportion. Conventional computer drawing uses
two or more projections to represent an object. These projections are different
views of the object from various points that, although not complete separately,
together represent every dimension and detail of the object.
The main view or projection of a computerized drawing is the front view or

elevation, which usually represents the side of the largest object; below the
elevation the view from above or plan is drawn. If these projections do not
completely define the object, more can be added; a right or left side view; auxiliary
view from specific points to show details of the object that would not otherwise be
exposed; and sections or cuts of the drawing of its interior.
Computerized drawing comes from drawing in Paint or modifying a previously

scanned drawing. To make a drawing directly on the computer, you need a
graphing table, which is purchased as software.
Every engineering and architecture student must learn to master this tool
(computerized drawing) with the same skill with which he or she handles paper and
the T-ruler.
Depending on what it is drawn, it is classified into:
 Civil or structural drawing.

 Architectural drawing.
 Industrial drawing.
 Electrical drawing.
 Sanitary drawing.
For the development of technical skills in drawing, its evolution and its updating for
people who work in media that use them, the implementation of new computer
technologies is completely necessary, such as the programs described above in
the development of research. .
These new programs can be used and implemented in the academic training of
industrial engineers, since as I present in my thesis, the use of computerized
drawing is a priority in the development of our skills during academic management,
and if it is taught correctly the use of computerized design for the work of the
industrial designer, new generations of industrial designers can be created with
updated and modern training, thus emphasizing a new era in industrial design,
modernizing an industry that has fallen back on the same techniques for too long. .
If these programs are used to carry out projects and works by people who could
use them for practical purposes, there would be a significant increase in the quality
of their projects and the performance of those who develop them.
Being the industrial engineer a pillar of modern society, since we create many of
the things of daily use, it could be said that by modernizing its learning system, a
complete evolution could be given to modern society, creating a new era of project
created with cutting-edge equipment and leaving the past behind.

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Theoretical framework

 View any model on the screen in three dimensions and in perspective.

SolidWorks is an example of a computer-aided design program for mechanical

Definition of design and computer-aided design

The process changes

1.- Emergence of an idea.

A feasible idea arises and to develop it it is necessary to ask several questions

3.- Integration and testing.

Appearance and functionality are integrated to give a justifiable shape to the

The computer in the design process

Nowadays, drawing has reached an incredible degree of importance. In our

The use of computerized drawing is important in all branches of engineering and

The main view or projection of a computerized drawing is the front view or

Computerized drawing comes from drawing in Paint or modifying a previously

Depending on what it is drawn, it is classified into:

 Civil or structural drawing.

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