Influencia de la música Británica y Americana en Chile & Argentina

29 de noviembre del 2013

Liceo nuestra señora de las mercedes
Johanna Rojas Ramos
III°A

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Index

1-Influence of British-American rock in Chile

2-Influence of British-American rock in Argentina

3-Renaissance

4-Classical baroque

5-Romanticism

6- attached images

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1-Influence of British-American rock in Chile.
Rock in Chile began to be performed at the end of the 1950s, by bands dedicated to
imitating international hits from American rock and roll ; in English, or through translations
into Spanish; This fact is known as the Chilean new wave.
During the second half of the 1960s, and after the success of rock and roll, Latin
American fusion was born in Chile, a genre that fused Latin American rhythms and rock
music.
In the 1970s there was a deterioration of the Chilean rock music scene, due to the
repression carried out by the military dictatorship that was imposed in Chile from 1973 to
1990, prohibiting all types of rock music manifestations, considering these to be rebellious
and liberal; also causing the deterioration of the Chilean recording industry
The 1980s marked the resurgence of the Chilean rock music scene, characterized since
then by its sophistication in music, the opening of several bands to the international
market, and a greater expansion into subgenres derived from rock.

The first Chilean rock and roll bands were William Reb y sus Rock Kings and Harry
Shaw y Los Truenos , who by 1956-57 performed songs by Elvis Presley and other
foreign artists and later songs by The Beatles.
The first to compose rock and roll in Chile were a band linked to tropical music and jazz,
La Orquesta Huambaly, with "Huambaly rock" (1957) and "Rock del mono" (1958).
The first soloists to perform rock and roll singles in Chile were Peter Rock , in his first
single "Baby I don't care / Something happened", (1959) and Nadia Milton , with
another single, "Scobidou / Un Poco" in 1960.
However, the band Los Ramblers , born in 1959, would become the first commercial
phenomenon of the Chilean new wave, thanks to its original song "El rock del mundo" ,
released together with the album Los Ramblers in May 1962, less than a month of the
1962 Soccer World Cup

In the 60's, albums by The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and The Who began to arrive in
Chile, and thanks to that influence, the groups Los Mac's, Los Jocker's and Los Vidrios
Quebrados were created, being in Chile considered the Creole version of such English
artists.

In December 1967, the album Kaleidoscope Men by Los Mac's was released, which
included the song "La muerte de mi corazón" , composed by the singer-songwriter Payo
Grondona together with Orlando Muñoz , and which would become the band's first hit.
and by some the first success in the history of Chilean rock.
Other groups that were created and recorded at that time were Los Picapiedras, Los
Beat 4 who composed and sang in Spanish, the Surf Rock group and one of the future
groups Florcita Motuda; The Sonny's, The Lark's.

During the second half of the 1960s, an approach to the indigenous and Latin American
emerged, which would have its greatest expression in the neofolkloric movement
developed since the end of the 1950s; the New Chilean Song . This musical scene was
inspired by the ideal of recovering traditional Chilean folk music and fusing it with
Latin American rhythms. This scene had great influence on the later development of
Chilean rock, with bands taking the rhythms and instruments of Latin America and fusing

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them with rock music. In this way, Latin American fusion was born , with bands like Los
Jaivas, Congreso and Los Blops , as well as En Busca del Tiempo Perdido,
Congregación, Combo Xingu, Sol y Medianoche, Kissing Spell/Embrujo, Frutos del
País and Panal.

The groups that began to flourish were Aguaturbia and Los Jaivas , the first of these was
completely influenced by the psychedelic rock of the time, featuring the veteran guitarist
Carlos Corales and the drummer Willy Cavada , both coming from the last formation of
Los Jocker's at the time. who would be joined by Denise, Corales' wife, on vocals and
Ricardo Briones on Bass. Los Jaivas , for their part, would go from dance music to
Progressive Folk Rock , with mixtures of Latin American music, being the first of its kind.
Also noteworthy are two bands that are considered the foundations of hard-rock in Chile,
Escombros (formed around 1968) and with a single self-titled album in 1970, whose
vocalist along with two ex-Mac's and the ex-Largo y Tendido (and previously in Los
Jockers), Sergio del Río, would form Destruction Mac's , a band that only released two
singles around 1971.

Another group that at this time began to arouse curiosity, due to its lyrics, its music and its
exclusive instruments, was Sacros , which almost remained unreleased due to the Coup
d'état in Chile in 1973. And only in 2008 was it reissued on CD. His music was influenced
by The Byrds and Bob Dylan with some hints of Latin American Fusion.

1980s

The underground scene in Santiago developed in places such as La Sala Lautaro, the
Manuel Plaza Gym, the San Miguel Amphitheater, El Trolley, the Matucana Garage
and La Caja Negra, n. 1 and hosted demonstrations that included various subgenres of
rock, including hard rock, heavy metal, and punk . Among the bands that constituted the
underground scene nationwide are Tumulto , Los Prisioneros , Fulano , Eltrabajos ,
Sexual Democracia and Fiskales Ad-Hok

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The success of The Prisoners
The 1980s marked the resurgence of Chilean rock . However, this resurgence only came
in the middle of that decade, and through the band Los Prisioneros , who became the
leaders of the Chilean music scene, after the success of their first album , La Voz de los
'80 , recorded in 1984. . Its origins begin in the early 80s, when 4 students from the Liceo
de San Miguel, fans of the Sex Pistols and punk groups, created the group Los
Vinchukas, which recorded a demo that circulated in the underground . This would be
the future embryo of one of the most popular groups in Chilean music.
The most notable characteristic of Los Prisioneros was their music with rebellious
political messages during the military dictatorship, which cost them repeated altercations
with the military government of Chile. However, they achieved international success after
tours to Peru, Ecuador and Colombia at the end of the decade. What this success
produced was a small rebirth for Chilean groups as they had a little more opportunity to
sign with "big" record labels. In addition to a new interest in Chilean music and a new form
of Protest Music , displacing Canto Nuevo in popularity for a time .

During the first half of the 2000s, Javiera y los impossibles stood out, which was formed
in 1993, and after previously releasing three albums, in 2001 they recorded their album
AM , being the best-selling album in their history, due to the success of songs like “Damn
Spring” and “No. ” Thanks to this album, Javiera y los impossibles managed to debut at
the Viña del Mar International Song Festival in 2002. Also notable was the band
Pettinellis , formed by former members of Los Tres and led by Álvaro Henríquez , which
achieved great success despite to its short existence, performing at the Viña del Mar
International Song Festival in 2004. Likewise, Saiko , formed in 1999, was a band that
stood out for its live work and careful studio records, in addition to the charisma and vocal
quality of Denisse Malebrán , the band's vocalist.
During the second half of the 2000s, the band Los bunkers stood out, characterized by
rock music compositions from the 1960s, which also incorporated sounds from Chilean
folklore, such as the New Chilean song. This band has achieved great international
success since their album Vida de Perros , being invited to the Vive Latino festival in 2006
and 2007. De saloon also stood out, which achieved popularity in Chile thanks to the
songs "Esfumar" and "Brígida" , and in Mexico thanks to his album Morder , which
determined his participation in the 2005 Vive Latino festival.

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Another band that stood out was Sinergia , a product of the innovative sound and themes
of its songs, described as "a fusion of funk, rock, metal and Latin rhythms, combined with
humorous lyrics about situations and conflicts in society." Likewise, Sinergia is described
as a "localist, popular and empathetic" band, characterized by singing their songs in
Chilean Spanish. Although Sinergia was formed in 1994, it was in the early 2000s when it
enjoyed great popularity, participating in the 2008 Viña del Mar International Song Festival.

The summit of Chilean rock

The summit of Chilean rock is a show that brings together a large number of Chilean rock
bands in a single recital. In its first edition, held on January 6, 2007, it brought together 39
Chilean groups, bringing together more than 40 thousand spectators, in an event held at
the National Stadium of Chile .
The second version of this event was held at the Santiago Equestrian Club on January 11,
2009, in a day that brought together 80 bands and more than 40 thousand spectators.
The third holding of this festival, and last to date, was on November 17, 2012. It was
dedicated to young artists who have stood out since the 2000s. In addition, a tribute and
homage was made to Jorge González , solo musician and former leader and member of
Los Prisioneros , being the first person to obtain the "Icon of Chilean rock" award. The
event was held at the former Cerrillos airport (current Bicentenario Park ), where more
than 30,000 people arrived. It was broadcast online and on the international signal of
TVN , being hosted by Nicolás Copano

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2- Influence of British-American rock in Argentina.
Argentina was the first country in the Ibero-American sphere that, after the Anglo-Saxon
country ( the United States , Great Britain and Australia , its places of origin), combined the
various genres derived from rock and roll with native elements, thus developing a rock of
its own identity. He was also the first to use a language other than English to communicate
and describe themes related to his idiosyncrasy and abundant references to the local
geography, thus becoming a precursor of Spanish-speaking rock and the one that initially
achieved greater commercial success outside its home countries. borders.

Rock in Argentina began to be performed in the second half of the 60s . At this time, a
musical genre began to form that was first called " Beat ", later " progressive music " and
finally "national rock", when several underground groups began to compose songs in
Spanish about issues that concerned young people at that time. . Since the late 1950s ,
local groups dedicated themselves to singing rock and roll songs in Spanish and English,
originals or covers of international hits, without giving them their own musical identity. But
starting in the mid-60s, Argentine rock began a constant evolution that during the 1970s
and 1980s, and especially after the Falklands War , crystallized into a movement with
well-defined aesthetic characteristics and international recognition.

The first Argentine rock group was Mr. Roll & The Rockers , a band led by Eddie
Pequenino , formed in Buenos Aires in 1956 with Lalo Schifrin as pianist. She performed
songs by American groups, opened for Bill Halley when he visited Argentina and made
her own compositions that were recorded on an LP by the CBS label.

In 1964 , as in the rest of the world, the Beatles phenomenon had a strong impact in
Argentina. International rock merged with a generation (born approximately between 1945
and 1960 ), politicized and mobilized through student and union organizations, which
began to confront military dictatorships in the streets (especially after 1966 ), with an active
participation of young people, both men and women, from the country's extensive middle
class. That generation symbolized its identity with rock and the sexual revolution , which
they opposed as a radical break to the tango and the sexist double morality of their
parents.
In Argentina, the so-called English invasions (with bands like The Beatles and especially
The Rolling Stones , which influence Argentine bands to this day), were much more
influential than the wave of classic American rock & roll , both for the taste initial youth
for international rock & roll as for the emergence of Argentine rock
Although a few speak of English invasions to refer to the process of arrival of British
bands, the term is almost not used and is incorrect, and " British Invasion " should be
used.
The Jets were one of the most popular Beatles imitators in the country, recording several
albums with adaptations of the songs of the Liverpool quartet.

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In the mid and late 1960s, during this period, Almendra was formed, a group made up of
Luis Alberto Spinetta (vocals, guitar), Edelmiro Molinari (vocals, guitar), Emilio del
Guercio (vocals, bass) and Rodolfo García (vocals, drums). ) and Manal - a trio
influenced by Afro-American music, considered the first blues group sung in Spanish -
made up of Javier Martínez (drums and vocals), Claudio Gabis (guitar, piano, harmonica)
and Alejandro Medina (bass and vocals). Together with Los Gatos, these three bands are
considered the founding trilogy of Argentine rock. However, none of these groups would
have a very long history, as all three disbanded in the early '70s.
After Almendra 's separation in 1970 , Spinetta formed the Pescado Rabioso quartet and
Edelmiro Molinari the Color Humano trio (both performing hippie -inspired hard rock), and
Rodolfo García and Emilio del Guercio the group Aquelarre , whose musical aesthetic
already tended to progressive fusion.
During the 1970s, a generational change occurred, where the first generation of Argentine rock
bands would pass on the legacy to a new generation of artists who further diversified Argentine
rock, taking more and more creative independence from American and English rock.

End of the dictatorship

The Malvinas War would become one of the darkest chapters in recent Argentine history, however it
had the paradoxical effect of revitalizing Argentine rock. While the war was developing, music in
English was banned, which gave even greater impetus to music in Spanish.

In May 1982 the Latin American Solidarity Festival brought together all the great Argentine rock
bands. The recital had the objective of supporting the troops fighting on the islands, although it was
also a covert form of protest against the war and a call for peace. At the same time, rock in English
was censored on the radio and programmers had to fill the space left by rock in English with

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Argentine rock. In the last days of symphonic rock, a large number of bands influenced by the latest
post-punk and new wave world music genres began to appear. Patricio Rey and his Redonditos
de Ricota were gaining national scale based on their policy of independence from record companies
and their particular lyrics. In 1979, in La Plata , Federico Moura formed a pioneering band of the
new wave genre called Virus . Meanwhile, the first influences of the New Wave of British Heavy
Metal appeared on the continent; Pappo, influenced by this new genre - from which bands like
Black Sabbath or Judas Priest emerged - after his trip to Europe, founded Riff , which although it
adopted the aesthetics of the metalhead - based on the aesthetics of metal characters, already
legends of the himself, like Rob Halford - his sound is sometimes more compared to that of Hard
Rock than to Heavy Metal itself. By then V8, founded by Ricardo Iorio around 1979, would be the
one that would define Heavy Metal in Argentina, mainly at the beginning of the years 1981-1982
and the end of the Dictatorship.

In Buenos Aires, three young people influenced by English post-punk began to exchange ideas,
putting together a band by the name of Soda Stereo , which would become the most popular band
in Ibero-American rock.

1998 – 2004
In the late 1990s bands like La Renga , Bersuit Vergarabat , Los Piojos , Ratones
Paranoicos , La Mancha de Rolando , Los Caballeros de la Quema , Viejas Locas
and other neighborhood bands dominated the music charts.

2004 onwards: Argentine rock

On the night of December 30, 2004, the República Cromañón dance club caught fire as a
result of a flare, while the suburban band Callejeros was playing. Administered by Omar
Chabán (artist and businessman closely related to the world of rock), the Cromañón
bowling alley fire represented the greatest tragedy of national rock in its more than forty
years of life, since it left a death toll of 194 (the greatest unnatural tragedy in Argentine
history): almost all of them were young people who had gone to see the recital, although
relatives and friends of the band members also died. The repercussion and scandal that
arose around him lasted for years. Since the tragedy, dozens of places not authorized to
operate were closed or threatened, and underground rock lost places to

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play.http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_de_Argentina - cite_note-98 Rock in general
suffered a paralysis given the increase in security measures and the closure of venues

At the end of 2004, the group La Renga performed a massive concert at the Club Atlético
River Plate stadium before approximately 74,000 spectators, and the large audience was
achieved by dispensing with advertising in the mass media, appealing to "word of
mouth." and the announcement on its official site.

The year 2006 was the year of the soloists : Andrés Calamaro who received the definitive
consecration for his career, with two albums released, two tribute albums, a tribute song
made by Indio Solari

On the other hand, it was the year of Gustavo Cerati 's return, with his album Ahí
Vamos , which gained some international fame. Much rockier than his other solo works, it
marks Cerati's return to guitars, and the definitive international consecration of the former
Soda Stereo. Cerati won the Clarín newspaper 's 2006 Yes poll for soloist of the year.

In 2009, Charly García returned, after a long hospitalization due to his addiction problems.
The return to the stages of Latin America leaves him once again in the position of " king of
Argentine rock "

In 2010, Indio Solari was presented at the Tandil Racecourse, attracting a total of
120,000 spectators, making it the paid show with the most attendance in the history of the
country.

In the same year, after the little impact of "Fidelidad", Miguel Mateos made his return " En
Primera Fila ", with a concert and concept devised by Sony Music, which would give birth
to his CD/DVD of the same name, and which took him on an extensive tour throughout the
continent.

On February 8, 2012 , Luis Alberto Spinetta (one of the greatest and most important
figures in national rock) died due to lung cancer diagnosed in July 2011.

3-Renaissance

It is European classical music written during the Renaissance , between approximately

1400 and 1600 . The stylistic characteristics that define Renaissance music are its
polyphonic texture , which follows the laws of counterpoint , and is governed by the modal
system inherited from Gregorian chant . Among its most widespread musical forms are the
mass and the motet in the religious genre, the madrigal , the carol and the chanson in the
secular genre, and the dances, the ricercare and the canzona in instrumental music.

Renaissance music is characterized by a soft sonority that derives from the acceptance of
the third as a consonant harmonic interval (joining in this category fifths and octaves,
already accepted in the Middle Ages) and the progressive increase in the number of

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voices, all of the same importance and governed by the rules of counterpoint:
independence of voices, preparation and resolution of dissonances, use of parallel thirds
and sixths, exclusion of parallel fifths and octaves, etc.

The prototype of a Renaissance musical work is a vocal piece with a polyphonic texture,
often imitative, written for between three and six voices of a cantabile nature; Each
melodic line or voice could be performed either with real voices or with instruments.
Although the range of each line barely exceeds the octave, the general extension of the
set greatly exceeds two octaves, avoiding crossing between the voices (which forced them
to be heterogeneous and contrasting in medieval polyphony).

The melodic system used continued to be that of the eight Gregorian modes; The modal
(as opposed to tonal) characteristics of Renaissance music began to be exhausted
towards the end of the period with the increasing use of fifth intervals as movement
between fundamentals, a defining characteristic of tonality.

Renaissance musicians
Josquin Desprez , Palestrina , Orlando di Lasso and Tomás Luis de Victoria .

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4-Classical baroque

It is the European musical style , related to the homonymous cultural era, which spans
approximately from the birth of opera around 1600 until the death of Johann Sebastian
Bach in 1750 . It is one of the styles of what is generally called classical or cultured
European music, preceded by the music of the Renaissance and followed by the music of
Classicism . Characterized by the emergence of tonality and the use of basso continuo ,
the Baroque was the era in which musical forms such as the sonata , the concert , and the
opera were created.

The term baroque was taken from architecture , where it designated something "twisted", a
"heavy, elaborate, wrapped" construction (the original term being a Lusism that described
a deformed pearl or false jewel ). In the 18th century it was used in a pejorative sense to
describe the characteristics of the musical genre of the previous century, which was
considered "coarse, strange, harsh and old-fashioned."

Baroque musicians
Johann Sebastian Bach , Georg Friedrich Händel , Antonio Vivaldi , Domenico
Scarlatti , Georg Philipp Telemann , Jean-Baptiste Lully , Arcangelo Corelli , Claudio
Monteverdi , Jean-Philippe Rameau and Henry Purcell .

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5-Romanticism

Musical Romanticism is related to Romanticism , the current of changes in Literature , Fine

Arts and Philosophy , although there are usually slight temporal differences, since
Romanticism in those Arts and Philosophy is usually recognized between the years 1780
and 1840 . Romanticism as a global movement in Arts and Philosophy, has as a precept
that truth could not be deduced from axioms , in the world there were inevitable realities
that could only be grasped through emotion, feeling and intuition. The music of
Romanticism tried to express these emotions.

The main musical genres of Romanticism are the following:

Prelude . One-time piece, short in duration and with characteristics of virtuosity, written
mainly for piano.

Trifle . Short composition for piano and without any pretension.

Study . Short work of restricted thematic material, where a motif becomes increasingly
difficult.

Impromptu . Work not subject to any rule and in which the performer has freedom of
improvisation.

Nocturnal . Composition of a peaceful and sentimental character with a delicate and

expressive melodic line.

Lied . Cultured, refined, intimate song with lyrical suggestions.

Symphony and concert . The symphony and concerto were developed and adapted to
romantic ideals.

The first romantic symphonist was Beethoven. Later Romantic composers were influenced
by Beethoven's formal outline for the symphony.

Programmatic music . This type of symphonic music that aims to express an idea, story,
etc., and communicate it to the listener through a program that serves as a plot was of
great importance. Programmatic music gave rise to the symphonic poem.

Symphonic poem . Work of a single movement in which a plot is developed musically. It

is the great romantic form, which establishes a union between poetry and music.

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6-annex images

THE BEATLES (band that influenced many Chilean and Argentine bands)

Elvis Presley (The king of rock and

roll)

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THE PRISONERS (Chilean band)

Skinny spinetta (Argentine icon)

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