90 … higher level mathematical problems :

1…Find all pairs ( a , b ) of real numbers with the following property:

Given the real numbers c and d , if the equations

x 2  ax  1  c and x 2  bx  1  d They have real roots;

So the equation: x  ( a  b) x  1  cd It has real roots.

2

2… In equality

Each letter represents a digit from 0 to 9, and different letters represent different digits.
ABCD is a four-digit number, ECE and FGF are three-digit numbers. Find the numbers
ABCD, ECE, FGF.

3…Bibí wrote a natural number. If you add all the natural numbers smaller than the
number that Bibí wrote, you obtain a number with three equal digits. Determine what
numbers Bibí could have written.

4…We say that an integer x (1 ≤ x ≤ 100) is a member of the n family if x has exactly n positive
divisors. For example, 12 is a member of the 6 family since it has 6 positive divisors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
and 12. Which family has the most members?

5…There are two numbers A and B, each with 100 digits, made up exclusively of digits 4 and 7.
The sum A + B has 101 digits, of which exactly 20 are 4 and exactly 30 are 9.
Determine the number of digits 1 that A + B can have.

6…Let r 1 , r 2,..., r 1000 be the remainders of the division of an odd positive integer by 2, 3,...,
1000. It is known that the remainders are different two by two and one of them is 0. Find all
values of k for which it is possible that r k = 0.

a c
S 
7…Find the minimum and maximum of the sum b d where a , b , c , d are positive
integers satisfying a + c = 20202, b + d = 20200.

8…In parallelogram ABCD, G is located on side AB . The circle that passes through A and G and
is tangent to the extension of CB at a point P is considered. The extension of DG intersects the
circumference at L. If the quadrilateral GLBC is cyclic, prove that AB = PC .
9…Determine how many four-digit numbers are multiples of 11 and have all their digits
different.

10…Find all the integers n > 1 that can be represented as the sum of 4 divisors of n-1 positive
and different from each other.

11…The positive integers a, b, c, d, e, f satisfy:

Show that It is a composite number.

12… For each positive integer n the number is defined

Find the greatest common factor of the 2011 numbers: E (1), E (2), …, E (2011).

13… Determine if there are positive integers x , y , z such that the product

( x + y )( y + z )( z + x ) be equal to:
a) 6767
b) 7676
c) 6776
In each case, if the answer is affirmative, find all the ordered triples ( x , y , z ) that satisfy the
condition.

14… Let a , b , c , d be four different elements of the set , so that the sum of
each three of them is a multiple of the fourth. Determine the largest value you can take
.

15… Let n be a positive integer such that there are k positive divisors of n , k >1, whose sum is
a prime number. Show that the product of those k divisors is less than or equal to .

16… Let ABC be a triangle such that when constructing the squares outside the triangle

, and , points A , B and C are inside the triangles and

. Show that the triangles and They have the same area.

17… Find all the numbers n that can be expressed in the form , where k is a
non-negative integer.

18… In the trapezoid ABCD , the sum of the bases AB and CD is equal to the diagonal BD . Let
M be the midpoint of BC and E be the symmetrical point of C with respect to the line DM . Show
that

19... Find the largest positive integer not divisible by 10 that is a multiple of one of the numbers
obtained by removing two consecutive digits from its decimal writing, none of them in the first or
last position.
20… Let P be a point interior to triangle ABC . Show that

where R is the circumradius of triangle ABC .

21… Find all the numbers of the form 11…1 that have a multiple of the form 10…01.

Note : 11...1 has all its digits equal to 1, and 10...01 has the first digit and last digit equal
to 1 and all others equal to 0.

22… Determine the smallest positive integer A such that the product of 999999999 and A has all
its digits equal to 1.

23… The trapezoid ABCD, with bases AB and CD and non-parallel sides BC and AD, has
. The line perpendicular to BD passing through C and the line
perpendicular to AC passing through D intersect at a point on side AB. Show that:

24… Let ABC be an acute triangle, O a point inside the triangle and M a point on the segment
AB. The circles circumscribed by the triangles AOM and BOM cut the segments AC and BC at P
and N, respectively. Show that:

25… Find all strictly positive integer values of k, n, and p that satisfy the following equation:

26… Find all the polynomials P(x) of real coefficients such that:

for all real numbers x, y, other than zero

27… Determine how many integers n>1 are such that n divides for every positive
integer x.

28… Let A= {1,2,…,2004}. Find the minimum value of n such that any subset of A of n elements
has two distinct elements a and b such that It is a multiple of 2004.
29… Let ABCDEF be a convex hexagon such that the triangles ACE and BDF have equal
circumradii. If R is the value of these circumradios and r is the inradius of the triangle ACE,
show that

30… Let a, b and c be positive real numbers. Show that

31… Determine all pairs (a, b) of positive integers for which

is an integer.

32… Let l be a real number such that the inequality holds for infinitely
many pairs (a, b) of positive integers.

Show that l ³ 5.

33… Let a, b and c be positive real numbers. Show that

34… Find all the triples (x, y , z) of positive integers such that,

1+2x+3y=z3.

35… A triangle ABC is considered with angles A and B acute. The angle bisectors A
and B cut BC and AC at M and N respectively. Let P and Q be points on side AB such
that MP is perpendicular to AB and NQ is perpendicular to AB.

Knowing that angle C > 2. PCQ, calculate the measure of angle C.

36… Let n > 1 be an integer. Calculate the number of permutations (p 1 , p 2 ,..., p n ) of

(1, 2,..., n ) such that p i+1 - p i < 1 for all i, 1 < i < n - 1.

37… Let a, b and c be positive integers such that a 2 + b 2 + 1 = c 2 .

Show that [a/2] + [c/2] is even.

38… Let n > 2 be an integer. For each n-upla (x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) such that x 1 2 + x 2 2 +...
+ x n 2 = 1 we call

m = min { | x i - x j | : 1 < i < j < n}.

Calculate the largest possible value of m.

39… Let a and b be positive integers such that the number b 2 + (b + l) 2 +... + (b + a) 2 -
3 is a multiple of 5 and a + b is odd.

Calculate the ones digit of the number a + b written in decimal notation.

40… Let  (x) = ax 2 + bx + c be a quadratic function with real coefficients (a different

from 0) such that the equation  (  (x)) = x has four different real roots.

Prove that there is no function f : R --> R such that f (f (x)) =  (x) for all real x.

41… Find all the integers n , n > 1, such that each prime divisor of n 6 - 1 is a divisor of
n 2 - 1 or n 3 - 1

42… Each positive integer n is associated with a non-negative integer f(n) , so that the
following conditions are met:

i. f ( ab ) = f ( a ) + f ( b ),
ii. f ( n ) = 0, if n is prime greater than 10 and
iii. f (1) < f (243) < f (2) < 10.

Find f (1998) knowing that it is less than 10.

43… Let ABCD be a square. In the half-plane determined by AC that contains B, a point
P is chosen such that ^ APC = 90 ° and ^ PAC > 45 ° . Let Q be the point of intersection
of PC with AB and H be the foot of the height corresponding to Q in the triangle AQC .
Show that points P , H , and D are aligned.

44… Let a, b and c be positive real numbers such that:

a + b + c = 1.

Show that:

45… Given an integer n 2, consider all the sequences x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n of non-negative

real numbers such that

x 1 + 2 x 2 + ... + nx n = 1
Find the maximum value and the minimum value of

x 1 2 + x 2 2 + ... + x n 2 ,

and determine all the sequences x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n for which these values are obtained.

46… Let M be a subset of {1,2,...,1998} with 1000 elements. Show that it is always
possible to find two elements a and b in M , not necessarily distinct, such that a + b is a
power of 2.

47… Prove that there exists a unique non-empty set S of integers with the following
properties:

1. If 998 x + 999 y S for some pair of integers x , y , then 998 y + 999 x Yes
2. Yes 1 | c | 998, so c S.

48… Calculate the sum

49… Find all positive integers n with the following property: there exists a polynomial
P n ( x ) of degree n , with integer coefficients, such that P n (0)=0 and P n ( x )= n for n
integer values y different from x .

50… Consider a prism, not necessarily straight, whose base is a rhombus ABCD with
side AB =5 and diagonal AC =8. A sphere of radius r is tangent to the plane ABCD at C
and tangent to the edges AA 1 , BB 1 and DD 1 of the prism. Calculate r .

51… Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers n such that the number of
positive divisors that 2 n -1 has is greater than n .

52… Let x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n be non-negative numbers n 3 such that

x 1 + x 2 + ... + x n = 1.

Determine the maximum possible value of the expression x 1 x 2 + x 2 x 3 +... + x n -1 x n .

53… Let N be the set of positive integers.

Determine if there exists a function f : N --> N such that f ( f ( n ))=2 n , for all n N.

54… Let ABCD be a regular tetrahedron, P and Q being different points in the planes
BCD and ACD respectively. Prove that there is a triangle whose sides measure AP , PQ
and QB .

55… What is the smallest multiple of 99, whose digits add up to 99 and which begins
and ends with 97?
56… The circles c 1 and c 2 are internally tangent to the circle c at points A and B ,
respectively, as seen in the figure. The common interior tangent to c 1 and c 2 touches
these circles at P and Q , respectively. Show that the lines AP and BQ intersect the
circle c at diametrically opposite points.

57… Let N be a given positive integer. Prove that there are two pairs of positive
integers ( a, b) and (c, d ) such that the sums of the numbers in both pairs are equal
( a  b  c  d ) and the quotient of the products of the numbers in both pairs is equal to
a b
N
N. That is to say c  d .

58… The quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in the circle with center O so that the
diagonals of the quadrilateral do not pass through point O. The circumcenter of the
triangle AOC belongs to the line BD . Prove that the circumcenter of triangle BOD
belongs to the line AC .

59… In a triangle ABC the heights AA' and BB' intersect at H. Let X be the midpoint of
side AB and Y be the midpoint of CH . Prove that the lines XY and A'B' are
perpendicular.

60… Decide whether there exists a quadratic polynomial f ( x ) such that f ( x )  0 has
exactly 2 distinct real roots, f ( f ( x ))  0 has exactly 4 distinct real roots, f ( f ( f ( x )))
 0 has exactly 8 different real roots, etc., that is, such that for every positive integer n
the equation f ( f (... f ( x )...))  0 has exactly 2 n roots different real ones (the ellipses
indicate that there are n letters f ).

61… Find all pairs ( x , y ) of positive integers such that both x 3 + y and x+ y 3 are
divisible by x 2 + y 2 .

62… Let a and b be two natural numbers such that lcm ( a , a + 5) = lcm ( b , b + 5) .

Prove that a = b.

63… Decide if there are natural numbers a , b , c such that lcm ( a, b ) = lcm ( a + c, b
+c).
64… There are nine numbers written in a table:

to 1 to 2 to 3
b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3

It is known that the six numbers obtained by adding each row and each column of the
table are equal, that is:

a1+a2+a3=b1+b2+b3=c1+c2+c3=a1+b1+c1=a2+b2+c2=a3+b3+
c3

Prove that the sum of the products of the numbers in the rows is equal to the sum of the
products of the numbers in the columns, that is:

a 1 a 2 a 3 + b 1 b 2 b 3 + c 1 c 2 c 3 = a 1 b 1 c 1 + a 2 b 2 c 2 + a 3 b 3 c 3.

65… The function is given , where the trinomials x 2 + ax + b and x

2
+ cx + d do not have common roots. Show that the following two statements are
equivalent (i.e., show that (i)  (ii) and that (ii)  (i)).

(i) there exists an interval of the number line that does not contain any value of f ( x );

(ii) f ( x ) can be represented in the form

f ( x ) = f 1 ( f 2 (... f n -1 ( f n ( x )) ...))

where each function f 1 , f 2 , ..., f n -1 , f n is equal to  x +  , with real  ,  , o is equal

to 1 / x , o is equal to x 2 .

66… Let ABCD be a parallelogram and O the point of intersection of its diagonals AC
and BD. Point M on side AB or its extension is considered such that ^MAD=^AMO.
Prove that MD=MC.

67… The sequence x n is defined by the following conditions:

Show that there is a term of this sequence that is equal to 0. Find the subscript of said
term.

68… Let M be the midpoint of the side BC of the triangle ABC . Construct the line l
parallel to BC and that intersects the triangle in such a way that the segment of l
included between the sides AC and AB is the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose third
vertex is M.

69… Two circles intersect at points A and B. A common tangent line touches the first
circle at point C and the second at point D. Point B is closer to line CD than point A.
The line CB intersects the second circle again at point E. Prove that AD is a bisector of
the angle CAE .

70.,. Let CM and BN be medians of the triangle ABC . Points P and Q are chosen on
sides AB and AC , respectively, such that the bisector of angle C of triangle ABC is also
a bisector of angle NBC . If by doing this it turns out that AP = AQ , can it be deduced
that ABC is isosceles?

71…Prove the inequality:

72… Show that there are real numbers x , y such that x + y is an irrational number and the two

numbers
x 2  y 2 , x3  y 3 They are both rational.

73... Find all positive prime numbers p such that p  4 p  9 It is a perfect square.
3

74… We write the decimal expansion of the fractions Which of

them has the longest period?

75… There are three circles in the plane, each one externally tangent to the other two.
Two of the circles have radius 3 and the other, radius 2. A fourth circle is externally
tangent to each of the previous three. Determine the radius of this fourth circle.

76… There are 4 spheres in space, each one externally tangent to the other 3. Two of
the spheres have radius 3 and the other two have radius 2. A fifth sphere is externally
tangent to each of the previous four. Determine the radius of this fifth sphere.

77… Let ABC be a right triangle in A and M , N points on side BC such that BM  MN 
CN . If AM  3 and AN  2, calculate the measurement of MN .

78… Find all pairs of positive integers other than a and b that have the same number of digits
and the number obtained by writing b after a is divisible by the number obtained by writing a
after b .

79… From a rectangle PQRS, a rhombus ABCD with diagonals AC  and BD  has
been cut out. Find the minimum possible value of the area of the rectangle PQRS .
80… Find the largest positive integer n for which n ! can be expressed as a product of n
 3 consecutive positive integers.

81… In a semicircle of diameter AD =3, points B and C are marked such that the
segments AB and BC are equal, with AB = BC =1. Find the measure of the segment CD .

82… Find all integers n such that ( n 2 + 7) / ( n + 3) is also an integer.

83… Let n be the sum of all powers of 19, from 19 to 19 2001 :

n = 19 + 19 2 + 19 3 +... + 19 2001

Find the remainder of the division of n by 7620.

84… Let ABCD be a rectangle, M the midpoint of side BC and P , Q points on side AB
such that < AMQ = < QMP = < PMB and AQ = 2 BP . Calculate the measure of the
angle < AMB .

85… Among the five-digit natural numbers, determine how many are even and such
that the last digit on the right (the ones digit) is equal to the sum of the first four digits.

86… From a rectangle PQRS, a rhombus ABCD with diagonals AC  and BD  has
been cut out. Find the minimum possible value of the area of the rectangle PQRS .

87… Find the largest natural number that is a multiple of 25 and has all its digits
different.

88… In a semicircle of diameter AD =3, points B and C are marked such that the
segments AB and BC are equal, with AB = BC =1. Find the measure of the segment CD .

89… The cubes of the first 100 natural numbers are added:

13 + 23 + 33 +... + 1003.

Determine what the remainder is by dividing this sum by 7.

90… Find all the integer values of x such that the product

x( x  1)( x  7)( x  8)

It is a perfect square.