Technical and Mechanical Drawing DIN Standards

The technical drawing
It emerges as an indispensable means of expression and communication, both for

the development of research processes on shapes and designs, and for the graphic
understanding of sketches and technological projects, whose ultimate goal is the creation of
products that may have a utilitarian and the understanding and interpretation of technical-
practical applications.
It is a system of graphic representation of various types of objects, with the purpose

of providing sufficient information to facilitate their analysis, help develop their design and
enable their future construction and maintenance. It is usually done with the help of
computerized media or directly on paper or other flat supports.
It is the graphic representation of an object or a practical idea. This representation is

guided by fixed and pre-established rules to be able to accurately and clearly describe the
dimensions, shapes, characteristics and construction of what is to be reproduced.
For all this, it is necessary to know a set of conventions that are included in the
standards for technical drawing, which are established at a national and international level.
Its ultimate purpose is to acquire an overview of the simplest and most used
technical drawing while helping to formalize or visualize what is being designed or created
and contributes to providing, from a first concretion of possible solutions, to the last phase
of development. where the results are presented in definitively finished drawings.
In Technical Drawing it is necessary to offer a minimally satisfactory graphic result

in all works. To reach it, you must acquire the habit of precision and accuracy in handling
the different layout techniques.
• Types of supports and materials essential for the layout.
• Fundamental layouts on the plane. Perpendicularity. Parallelism. Segments
Angles. Bow capable. Mediatrix. Bisector.
• Definition, nominal classification and layout of polygons.
• Proportionality and similarity: fundamental concepts. Geometric mean, or proportional.

Scales. Equivalences. Symmetry.
• Tangencies.
• Definitions and layout, such as application of tangents.
• Technical curves.
• Conic curves.
There is a need to capture the representation of three-dimensional objects on the

plane (two dimensions) as well as to be able to build new objects or reproduce existing ones
based on the corresponding plans.
Classification of types of technical drawing.
The DIN 199 standard classifies technical drawings according to the following
criteria:
•Purpose of the drawing
•Manner of drawing preparation.
•Content.
•Destination.
Classification of drawings according to their objective:
•Sketch: Freehand representation respecting the proportions of the objects.
•Drawing: Scale representation with all the data necessary to define the object.
•Plane: Representation of objects in relation to their position or the function they

perform.
•Graphs, Diagrams and Abacuses: Graphic representation of measurements, values,

work processes, etc. Through lines or surfaces. They replace numerical tables, test results,
mathematical and physical processes, etc. in a clear and summarized way.
Classification of drawings according to the way they are made:
•Pencil drawing: Any of the previous drawings made in pencil.
•Ink drawing: Same, but executed in ink.
•Original: The drawing made for the first time and, generally, on translucent paper.
•Reproduction: Copy of an original drawing, obtained by any procedure. They
constitute the drawings used in daily practice, since the originals are normally carefully
preserved and archived, also taking appropriate security measures.
Classification of drawings according to their content:
•General or overall drawing: Representation of a machine, instrument and others in

their entirety.
•Exploded drawing: Detailed and individual representation of each of the elements

and non-standard parts that constitute an assembly.
•Group drawing: Representation of two or more pieces, forming a subset or

construction unit.
•Shop or complementary drawing: Complementary representation of a drawing,

with indication of auxiliary details to simplify repeated representations.
•Schematic drawing or scheme: Symbolic representation of the elements of a

machine or installation.
Classification of drawings according to their destination:
•Shop or manufacturing drawing: Representation intended for the manufacturing of

a part, containing all the data necessary for said manufacturing.
•Machining drawing: Representation of a part with the data necessary to carry out
certain operations in the manufacturing process. They are used in complex fabrications,
replacing the previous ones.
•Assembly drawing: Representation that provides the data necessary for the
assembly of the different subassemblies and assemblies that constitute a machine,
instrument and others.
Mechanical drawing is used in the preparation of plans to represent pieces or parts

of machines, machinery, vehicles such as cranes and motorcycles, airplanes, helicopters
and industrial machines. The plans that represent a simple mechanism or a machine made
up of a set of parts are called assembly plans; and those that represent a single element, part
drawing. Those that represent a set of pieces with graphic indications for their placement
and assembly of a whole are called assembly plans.
The mechanical designer realizes drawings, projections and sections mainly by

electronic means, preparing worksheets and detailed diagrams of machinery and parts and
mechanical designs containing the information necessary for their production and
documentation and reports and other forms of textual documentation.
A mechanical drawing, therefore, is a graphic representation of machinery, part of it

or its parts. These are plans or diagrams that show the layout or operation of these devices.
Mechanical drawings are part of the set of technical drawings: those that, by
representing an object, provide data that enables its design, manufacturing, operation and/or
maintenance.
Like the rest of the technical drawings, mechanical drawings must show those
details that are required to execute a project. They generally use different symbols to
represent cuts, lines and other elements. Standardization allows the same symbols to be
used globally, favoring understanding among specialists.
It should be noted that a mechanical drawing can be developed by hand on a flat

surface (such as paper) or carried out virtually with the help of a computer program
(software). In this way, 3D representations can be generated and different perspectives
obtained.
DIN standards
The DIN Standards are a set of rules that consist of technical standards for quality
assurance in industrial and scientific products related to the manufacturing-metalworking
industry.
The work of DIN German Institute for Formalization is to promote, organize, direct
and moderate the activities of standardization and specification of systematic procedures
for the benefit of society as a whole, while safeguarding the public interest.
The results of DIN's work serve to advance innovation, safety and communication
between industry, research organizations, the public sector and society as a whole, and to
support quality assurance, rationalization, health and safety at work and protection of the
environment and consumers.
It is true that a future industrial or mechanical engineer will need to know, handle,
master and identify any type of machine elements, with the general objective of “knowing
the rules of representation of mechanical plans and their components.” For them, the
standards used for drawing are of utmost importance since it is a universal language that
every engineer must know, since it is used in the representation of pieces or parts of
machines.
Complement the knowledge necessary to use drawing as a language. Know specific

aspects used in the practical execution of designs. Giving correct application to the rules
learned from drawing is a justification that goes hand in hand with the term “implicit or
relative” since each individual can have an opinion that covers different terms, however all
linked to what has already been established as an international rule (standards). of the
drawing).
The DIN standards were created specifically in ancient times, through constructions
in ancient times, constructions had to follow previously established modules of dimensions.
The DIN standards are the technical standards for quality assurance in industrial and
scientific products in Germany.
Like all regulations, DIN standards are specifications that must be taken into
account for compliance with certain procedures or operations. In this particular case, it
offers technical standards for rationalization, quality control, safety and environmental
protection in order to cooperate with manufacturing industry, commerce, service sectors,
consumer organizations and government.
DIN designates the work of the German Standards Commission, list of standards,
contains all existing standards and draft standards.
In the industry, it is used to trace letters and numbers. The template called
“Normograph” is a plastic strip with perforated letters and numbers that govern DIN 16 and
DIN 17 standards.
DIN 16: is the normalized inclined letter. The piece of letter and number is uniform,
its inclination is 75 in relation to the horizontal line.
DIN 17: it is the standardized vertical letter, it is the most used to label drawings
and dimensions. It has the same dimensions as normal inclined writing, this type of font is
used to write signs, files, etc.
The DIN series formats can be rationally subdivided as follows: A, O into two
formats A1; in four A formats; in eight A3 formats; in sixteen A4 formats. This subdivision
is identified as modular folding.

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The technical drawing

It emerges as an indispensable means of expression and communication, both for

It is a system of graphic representation of various types of objects, with the purpose

It is the graphic representation of an object or a practical idea. This representation is

In Technical Drawing it is necessary to offer a minimally satisfactory graphic result

• Types of supports and materials essential for the layout.

• Fundamental layouts on the plane. Perpendicularity. Parallelism. Segments

Angles. Bow capable. Mediatrix. Bisector.

• Definition, nominal classification and layout of polygons.

• Proportionality and similarity: fundamental concepts. Geometric mean, or proportional.

• Definitions and layout, such as application of tangents.

There is a need to capture the representation of three-dimensional objects on the

Classification of types of technical drawing.

•Purpose of the drawing

•Manner of drawing preparation.

Classification of drawings according to their objective:

•Sketch: Freehand representation respecting the proportions of the objects.

•Plane: Representation of objects in relation to their position or the function they

•Graphs, Diagrams and Abacuses: Graphic representation of measurements, values,

Classification of drawings according to the way they are made:

•Pencil drawing: Any of the previous drawings made in pencil.

•Ink drawing: Same, but executed in ink.

Classification of drawings according to their content:

•General or overall drawing: Representation of a machine, instrument and others in

•Exploded drawing: Detailed and individual representation of each of the elements

•Group drawing: Representation of two or more pieces, forming a subset or

•Shop or complementary drawing: Complementary representation of a drawing,

•Schematic drawing or scheme: Symbolic representation of the elements of a

Classification of drawings according to their destination:

•Shop or manufacturing drawing: Representation intended for the manufacturing of

Mechanical drawing is used in the preparation of plans to represent pieces or parts

The mechanical designer realizes drawings, projections and sections mainly by

A mechanical drawing, therefore, is a graphic representation of machinery, part of it

It should be noted that a mechanical drawing can be developed by hand on a flat

Complement the knowledge necessary to use drawing as a language. Know specific

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