API 653 – DAY 7 BOOK

API 653 QB
RK TO CORRECT API 653 QB

1. What is the minimum thickness for a tank floor plate with no means for leak
detection or secondary containment if an RBI program is not in place?
a. .005”
b. .050”
c. .075”
d. .100”

2. Which one of the following types of external floating roofs does not require
a check valve in the roof drain?
a. Annular pontoon (single deck)
b. Double deck
c. Pan-type
d. Plastic sandwich-panel-sphere type floating roof

3. Surface preparation is a critical part of the lining operation, generally

abrasive blast to a white metal finish of is desired.
a. NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP5
b. NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP10
c. NACE No. 3/SSPC-SP15
d. NACE No. 4/SSPC-SP20

4. When a full hydrostatic test is required, it shall be held for hours.

a. 8
b. 12
c. 16
d. 24

5. If any provision of API 653 presents a direct or implied conflict with any
statutory regulation and the statutory regulation is more stringent
.
a. the government regulation govern
b. the API 653 standards govern
c. the owner/operator requirements govern
d. the inspector will decide which regulations govern
e. Which ever is more stringent

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6. The maximum permissible limit for exposure to organic lead in a normal 8
hour work day is .
a. 2 micrograms per cubic foot
b. 1 PPM in air
c. 0.075 pounds per cubic feet per day
d. .05 grams per cubic centimeter
7. Radiographic film density shall be checked by a densitometer calibrated on
a step wedge film traceable to .
a. API 650
b. ASNT-SNT-TC-1A
c. ASME Section IX
d. a national standard

8. A 200’ diameter tank, 40’ tall, storing a product with a specific gravity of
.85. A corroded area was noted with UT on the bottom course with a
minimum thickness of .51” at 1’ above the weld. No thinning was noted
within 10” of any weld. What is the L length of the corroded area?
a. not enough information to answer
b. 10.10”
c. 37.37”
d. 40”

9. Special attention should be paid to------------in the cold climates

a. The flame arrestors
b. The fire fighting equipments
c. The piping nozzles
d. Breather valves

10. Routine visual in-service inspections of aboveground storage tanks from

the ground may be done by ?
a. Authorized inspectors only
b. Owner/user personnel other than authorized inspectors
c. Jurisdictional inspectors only
d. Insurance inspectors only

11. An existing tank, 48 feet high with a diameter of 127 feet, is undergoing
major repairs. What is the maximum out-of-plumbness allowed?
a. 1.27”
b. 4.8”
c. 5.0”

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 d. 5.76”

12. Which of the following is not considered shell distortion?

a. Uniform settlement of a tank
b. Out-of-roundness of a tank
c. Flat spots
d. Peaking and banding at weld joints

13. A welder that qualifies on a plate groove weld can weld .

a. groove weld only
b. groove and fillet welds
c. fillet welds only
d. “J” welds only

14. An 8” NPS hot tap is to be added to a tank. What is the minimum wall
thickness of the nozzle neck?
a. Schedule 40
b. Schedule 60
c. Standard weight
d. Extra-strong

15. A welder may be qualified by RT in any welding process except for which
of the following?
a. GMAW (short-circuiting mode)
b. GMAW (spray-arc mode)
c. GMAW
d. SMAW

16. Which of the following repairs are allowed within the critical zone of a tank
bottom?
a. Welded-on patch plates over existing patches.
b. Welding of widely scattered pits, pinholes and cracks in the bottom plate.
c. Welded-on structural steel angles to the tank shell and the annual plate.
d. One pass perimeter welds on welded-on patch plates.

17. What is the maximum spacing for MT prods?

a. 2”
b. 4”
c. 8”
d. 10”

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18. A formal visual external inspection by an Authorized Inspector shall be
made at least every years of RCA/4N years, whichever is less.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

19. During the inspection of an AST it discovered that the ground wire
connection has come loose. How should the ground system be inspected?
a. Ignore it
b. Test the current using a volt ohm meter
c. PT or MT
d. Visually checked
20. The presence of rock under the steel bottom of an AST would have what
effect?
a. Porosity in the bottom
b. Promote corrosion
c. Create longer tank bottom life
d. Have no effect on the tank bottom

21. During a welder qualification test on 3/8” plate in the horizontal position,
how many transverse bends are required?
a. 6 side bends
b. 1 nick breaks
c. 1 face and 1 root bends
d. 4 tinsel specimens

22. If a contractor is to relocate or reconstruct an aboveground storage tank,

the limits of responsibilities of inspectors are defined by ?
a. API 653
b. the contractor
c. the authorized inspector
d. the owner/operator

23. A new tank is to be hydrostatically tested. The tank is constructed from

ASTN A 36M steel. What allowable stress must be used to determine the
maximum hydrostatic test head for the tank.
a. 29,400 psi

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 b. 23,200 psi
c. 24,900 psi
d. 27,000 psi

24. Where should the numbers be placed on a radiograph?

a. Under the film.
b. On the material being radiographed.
c. Under the material being radiographed.
d. On the film source pack.

25. A new tank is placed in service. In seven years, which of the following
inspections should have been made?
a. routine inspection
b. routine and external inspections
c. routine, external, visual and internal inspections
d. routine visual, formal visual (external) and UT inspections

26. Flame arresters should be inspected

a. annualy
b. once in 2 years
c. once in 3 years
d. at appropriate intervals

27. The maximum acceptable undercutting on horizontal butt welds of a

reconstructed tank is inch.
a. 1/64
b. 1/32
c. 1/16
d. 1/8

28. The minimum number of settlement points around a tank periphery is

.
a. 12
b. 10
c. 8
d. 6

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29. A weld shall be acceptable by visual inspection if the inspection shows
which of the following?
a. The weld has no cracks, undercutting, and less than 20% coldlap.
b. The weld has no cracks, undercutting is acceptable, and surface porosity
does not exceed one cluster in any 2” of length and the diameter of each
cluster does not exceed 1/16”.
c. The weld has no crater cracks or other surface cracks, undercutting is
acceptable, and any surface porosity does not exceed one cluster in any
3” of length and the diameter of each cluster does not exceed 1/8”.
d. The weld has no crater cracks, other surface cracks or arc strikes in or
adjacent to the welded joint, undercutting is acceptable, and any surface
porosity does not exceed one cluster in any 4” of length and the diameter
of each cluster does not exceed 3/32”.

30. Penetrameters are normally placed on the of the part being

examined.
a. source side
b. film side
c. weld side
d. obverse side

31. External, UT measurements of a new tank shell shall be made not later than
years after commissioning.
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2

32. A liquid having a closed cup flash point equal to or greater than 100°F is
considered .
a. Flammable material
b. Combustible liquid
c. Gasoline
d. Diesel

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33. Thin film linings are usually used for application to
a. The bottoms of new storage tanks.
b. Pitted bottoms of older storage tanks.
c. Corroded bottoms of previous service tanks.
d. Rough and pitted surfaces.

34. With a horizontal sweep board 36” long, peaking shall not exceed
inch.
a. 0.250
b. 0.375
c. 0.500
d. 0.625

35. If a welder tests in a 6G position, the he qualified to weld .

a. all positions
b. uphill only
c. downhill only
d. vertical only

36. An anode is .
a. an electrode of an electrochemical cell at which no corrosion occurs
b. an electrode of an electrochemical cell at which corrosion occurs
c. a chemical substance containing ions that migrate
d. a metallic connection that provides electrical continuity

37. Widely scattered pits may be ignored, provided .

a. no pit depth results in the remaining shell thickness being less then 1/2t min
acceptable tank shell thickness, exclusive of corrosion allowance.
b. the average pit depth is greater than 1/2t min’ exclusive of the corrosion
allowance
c. no pit depth is greater than 1/2t min’ including the corrosion allowance
d. no pit depth is less than 1/2t min’ including the corrosion allowance

38. The critical zone of the tank bottom is within the .

a. Annular plate ring, within 6” of the shell or within 6” of the inside edge of
the annular ring.
b. Annular plate ring, within 10” of the shell or within 10” of the inside edge of
the annular ring.
c. Annular plate ring, within 12” of the shell or within 12” of the inside edge of
the annular ring.

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 d. Annular or bottom plates within 3 inches or the inside edge of the shell.

39. The space between the outer periphery of the roof and the tank shell of an
external floating roof tank shall be sealed by a flexible device that provides
.
a. a minimum 1/2" gap over no more than 24”
b. an area of no more than 15 square inches opening calculated by
measuring the length and width of the gaps.
c. a reasonably close fit to the shell surfaces
d. a minimum of 3 openings 24” long with gaps no more than 1/4"

40. What is the minimum thickness for a tank floor plate with a >0.05” or
thicker reinforced internal lining?
a. .005”
b. .050”
c. .075”
d. .100”

41. A full hydrostatic test is always required on .

a. a tank that has an annular plate installed with the longest dimension less
than 12”
b. a tank that has a door sheet installed
c. a tank that has a nozzle 12” NPS installed
d. a reconstructed tank

42. What is the maximum temperature that dry MT can be used?

a. 600°F
b. 135°F
c. 400°F
d. Within the temperature range limitations set by the manufacturer

43. If a repair/modification weld is made on a tank shell plate that is thicker

than 1”, the base metal within 3 inches of the welding shall be heated to a
temperature of approximately degrees.
a. 120°F
b. 140°F
c. 160°F
d. 200°F
44. What is the main factor in determining the efficiency of rivet joint in a tank?
a. The allowable stress of the rivets
b. The number of rivet rows and type of joint

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 c. The allowable stress of the plate
d. Whether the joints have butt straps or not

45. It is not necessary for the inspector to check which of the following?
a. All test results on the PQR
b. All essentials and non-essentials on WPS
c. All essentials and non-essentials on WPS and PQR
d. All non-essentials on PQR

46. A new tank built in January, 1984, was removed from service and internally
inspected in January, 1994. The bottom course of the tank showed the
most general corrosion (no isolated corrosion was found). The original
thickness of the bottom course of the tank was 1”. The measured thickness
of the bottom course at the inspection was 0.93”. Determine the yearly
corrosion rate/
a. .0035”
b. .0070”
c. .0140”
d. .0700”

47. When the corrosion rates of a tank are not known and the bottom plate
thickness can not otherwise be determined, inspections(s) should be
performed within the next years of thank operation to

establish corrosion rates.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20

48. The maximum spacing of settlement points is b.

circumference of the tank. 3/
a. 40 16
b. 35
c. 32
d. 25

49. A 100 foot diameter tank must have at least

plates.
a. 1/8

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feet around the

inch thick shell

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 c. 1/4
d. 1/2
50. The maximum acceptable undercutting on vertical butt welds of a
reconstructed tank is inch.
a. 1/64
b. 1/32
c. 1/16
d. 1/8

51. The letter “B” is placed on radiographic film holder for what reason?
a. To determine if back scatter radiation is exposing the film.
b. To show the distance from the source of radiation to the weld.
c. To function as a location marker for the radiograph.
d. To designate whether the penetrameter is on the film side or the back
side.

52. A tanks bottom course has corroded in a general uniform manner

(including the welds). The tank’s diameter is 137’ and its height is 40’ (5-
eight foot courses). The liquid stored in the tank is hydrocarbon with a
specific gravity of 0.82 and it is not corrosive. The tank was constructed
from ASTM A-283, Grade C (A 283M, Grade C) carbon steel. Determine the
minimum thickness of the bottom course for full height operation. Round to
the nearest hundredth. (This tank was built to API 650, Eighth edition).
a. 0.805”
b. 0.691”
c. 0.200”
d. 0.483”

53. When preparing to enter a storage tank for inspection, the most important
thing to do is .
a. obtain a written entry permit
b. to have all equipment needed for inspection ready and available
c. to be wearing protective clothing
d. to check all platforms and ladders for serviceability

54. A tank course made from ¾” plate is welded with low hydrogen electrodes.
The welder undercuts a horizontal butt weld to a depth of 0.02” and the
reinforces the weld with a 0.20” reinforcement.

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 a. The weld is acceptable
b. The weld is unacceptable because of the excess undercut
c. The weld is unacceptable because of the excess reinforcement
d. The weld is unacceptable because of the excess reinforcement and
excess undercut

55. What is the inspection frequency for flame arrestors?

a. 2 years
b. 5 years
c. 10 years
d. Annually

56. How many tensile tests are required to qualify a ¼” plate groove weld?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6

57. The minimum bottom plate thickness for a tank with an applied reinforced
lining greater than 0.05” thick, applied in accordance with API RP 652, is
inch.
a. 0.10
b. 0.05
c. 0.125
d. 0.0625

58. The oxygen content for non-permit required confined space must be
.
a. 0 – 10%
b. 10% - 15%
c. 19.5% - 23.5%
d. 25.2% - 32.7%

59. The acceptance criteria for a radiograph of a tank repair weld is found in
.
a. Section V of the ASME Code
b. Section IX of the ASME Code
c. Section VIII of the ASME Code
d. ASNT SNT-TC-1A

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60. All leaks in pontoons or compartments of double deck floating roofs shall
be repaired by .
a. caulking the leaking joints and/or using soft patch material
b. rewelding the leaking joints and/or using soft patch plates
c. cutting out the leaking area and flush patching
d. weld overlay any cracks and/or use soft patch material

61. For what diameter tank is the variable point method for calculating shell
thickness mandatory?
a. Tanks with a diameter of 200 feet and greater
b. Tanks with a diameter greater than 300 feet
c. Tanks with a diameter greater than 200 feet
d. Tanks with a diameter of 300 feet and greater

62. What is the minimum lifting power of an AC electromagnetic yoke used in

magnetic particle inspection?
a. 40 pounds lifting power at the maximum pole spacing
b. 10 pounds lifting power at the maximum pole spacing
c. 10 amps lifting power at the maximum pole spacing
d. 30 pounds lifting power at the minimum pole spacing

63. What is the allowable edge settlement of a 100’ diameter tank that has an
area of settlement that starts to slope 36” from the shelland the bottom lap
weld is approximately parallel to the shell?
a. 13.32”
b. 3.75”
c. 18.5”
d. 2.22”

64. A tank was constructed from welded ASTM A-516, Grade 60 (A 516M, Grade
415) steel. The third course must be evaluated for continued service. What
is the allowable stress that must be used in the calculations?
a. 21,300 psi
b. 25,560 psi
c. 28200 psi
d. 28,320 psi

65. A 125’ diameter X 40’ high storage tank has questionable thickness annular
plates. The first shell course thickness is .61”. The thickness of the

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 corrosion allowance for the tank is 0.125”. The product specific gravity is
less than 1. What is the minimum thickness for the annualr plate?
a. 0.17”
b. 0.20”
c. 0.325”
d. 0.295”

66. The principal advantage of thin-film linings are .

a. better protection of older storage tank bottoms and ease of application
b. less susceptible to mechanical damage and easier to repair
c. lower cost and not as sensitive to pitting
d. lower cost and ease of application compared to thick-film coating systems

67. In no case shall the internal inspection interval of an aboveground storage

tank exceed years, if an RBI program is not in place.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 25

68. Welders are qualified to what standard or code?

a. Section VIII of the ASME Code
b. Section V of the ASME Code
c. Section I of the ASME Code
d. Section IX of the ASME Code

69. What is the maximum acceptable nndercut of a nozzle to shell weld?

a. 1/64”
b. 1/32”
c. 1/16”
d. 1/8”

70. The nameplate for a reconstructed tank shall be attached to be attached to

the tank shell adjacent to .
a. the existing nameplate
b. a manway in bottom tank course
c. the stairway or ladder to the tank roof

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 d. the door sheet

71. When a welder has not welded with a process during a period of
, his qualifications for that process shall expire.
a. 3 months or more
b. 6 months or more
c. 9 months or more
d. 12 months or more
72. What allowable stress is used in evaluating a riveted joint when using joint
efficiencies given in Table 4-3 of API 653?
a. 16,000 psi
b. 18,000 psi
c. 19,000 psi
d. 21,000 psi

73. Radiographs of repaired work and records of radiographs of repaired work

shall be marked with .
a. a grease pencil
b. the mark of the welder who made the repair
c. the letter “R”
d. the initial of the inspector

74. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of
the appropriate hole penetrameter and the area of interest shall be
minimum for radiographs made with a gamma ray source.
a. 1.8
b. 2.0
c. 2.2
d. 2.6

75. What is the position designation for welding pipe in the horizontal fixed
position?
a. 2G
b. 3G
c. 5G
d. 6G

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76. During a fluorescent MT test, the black light intensity shall be measured
with a black light meter .
a. Prior to use and at the competition of the examination
b. Once In 3 months
c. Once 8 hours
d. 8 hour

77. Terminology for weld metal in excess of the specified weld size.
a. Weld reinforcement
b. Good weld technique
c. Weld toe
d. Weld throat

78. If T 3-27 had a new nozzle installed in the third course, north side, could the
shell-to-nozzle weld be made using the oxyfuel welding process, if impact
testing is not required?
a. Yes
b. No
c. The oxyfuel process is not allowed by ASME Section IX
d. Nozzle welds must be made using SMAW only
79. A diesel oil test is required for .
a. all new nozzle welds
b. all new floor welds
c. all new shell welds
d. all new shell-to-bottom welds

80. The minimum PSIG for a vacuum box test is .

a. 1 PSIG
b. 2 PSIG
c. 3 PSIG
d. 4 PSIG

81. A pipe welder is qualified to API 1104 only. What welds can be make on the
tank if the is qualified in the 6G position?
a. Nozzle Welds
b. Shell Welds
c. Floor and roof fillet welds
d. None

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82. A procedure is qualified on plate .500” thick. Which of the following
thicknesses is not qualified?
a. 1”
b. 1/2”
c. 1/4"
d. 1/8”

83. A procedure is qualified on plate .500” thick. Four nick break specimens
were substituted for the four side bends.
a. The procedure is qualified.
b. ASME does not allow nick breaks.
c. Two tension specimens were required.
d. Nick breaks are used only on pipe.

84. A welder is qualified in the 3F and 4F positions. Which of the following

groove welds can he make?
a. 1 G
b. 2 G
c. 6 G
d. None

A tank T 123 ( constructed 2003) has a corroded area on its second course.
The tank diameter is 60‘ and its height is 48’ (6-eight foot
courses).Product specific gravity is 0.92. MOC A 516 Grade 60. Corrosion
allowance is 1/8”. The value of t2 is 0.6 inch Welding electrode used is E
7018. Round to the nearest 0.1”.

85. What is the P number for the tank as listed above?

a. 1.
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

86. What is the maximum critical length that can be used in determining the
averaging out of the hoop stresses around the corroded area.

a) 40

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 b) 22
c) 20
d) 76.90

87. What is the bottom course thk) [ Hint Use Table 4.1 API 653, Find thk For
Product + CA & Thk for Hydrostatic head and table 5.6.1.1of API 650. Max
out of these should be used]

a) 6mm
b) 5mm
c) 11.22mm
d) 18mm

88. What is the maximum fill rate for the 3 rd course of the tank tank as listed
above?

a. 9 inch per hour

b. 12 inch per hour
c. 18 inch per hour
d. Any of the abobe

89. What is the capacity of the tank ?

a.12323 Gallon Barrel

b. 24192 Gallon barrel
c. 32 323 Gallon barrel
d. 5934 Gallon barrel
90. What is the filler number for E-7018 electrodes? QW 432 of SEC IX
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

91. What is the minimum acceptable shell plate thickness for the last course
course of T 123 , and full height operation [ Hint Find thk for product + CA,
Hydrostatic head & Table 5.6.1 of API 650 ]
a. 4.36 mm
b. 6 mm
c. 12mm
d. 14 mm

92. What is the joint efficiency for T123 ?

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 a. 1
b. .85
c. .70
d. .35

93. What is the corrosion allowance for T 123?

a. .185”
b. .125”
c. .0625”
d. Not enough information given

94. If T 123 was new, what would be the minimum first course thickness,
based on product alone?
a. 0.269”
b. 0.4416
c. 0.500”
d. Not enough information given

95. How many settlement points are required for an external settlement of
T 123 ? 12.5.1.2 API 650
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10

96. A depression in the floor is discovered near the east manway of T 123. The
diameter of the depression is 96”, the deepest point in the depression is 4”.
The area . [ Hint Use B 3.3 API 653 Max allowed will
become 2.96 ]
a. is rejectable.
b. is acceptable.
c. must be monitored.
d. can be filled in with epoxy and accepted.

97. During the internal inspection of T 123 , a patch plate welded to the floor,
with a tombstone shaped, pad, extending to the inside of the shell was
discovered. The plate had been seal welded to the floor and shell, with a
minimum dimension of 14 inches. The inspector should .
a. Have the patch removed.Fig 9.9 API 653
b. Inspect the patch.

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 c. Recommend removal of the patch and floor plates in the repaired area,
replacing with new floor plates.
d. This repair is in the critical zone and not allowed.

98. There was repair on door sheet. Lap welded patech is is used to repair that
a. have the patch removed.
b. inspect the patch With UT and OK it
c. Non compliance to the code
d. radiograph the patch for weld quality.

99. T 123 has a hole, less than 1” in diameter, in the roof. Rain water does not
contaminate the stored product. Is a repair required by API 653?
a. A repair may be made by using duct tape.
b. Only if the owner requires the repair.
c. No
d. Yes

ANSWER T 123
API 653 QB ANSWER
Q. NO ANSWER SECTION REF PUBLICATION
1 D TABLE 6.1 653
2 B C-2, C.3.8.2 650
3 A 7.1 2nd para 652
4 D 12.3.1. 653
5 E 1.3 653
6 A 3.2.38 2015
7 D T262.1 ASME V
8 C 4.3.2.1 B 653
9 C 7.2.10 API 575

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10 B 6.3.1.1 API 653
11 C 10.5.2.1 API 653
12 A 4.3.5.1, B2.2.1 API 653
13 B QW 303. 1, 469.1 ASME IX
14 D FIG 9.6 API 653
15 A QW 304 ASME IX
16 B 9.10.1.2.1 API 653
17 C T 752..3 ASME V
18 D 6.3.2.1 API 653
19 B 6.3.2.3 API 653
20 B 5.2.1, ist para API575,
21 C QW452.1 ASME IX
22 A 10.1.3 653
23 C TABLE 5.2.a 650
24 B T275 ASME V
25 D 6.3.1.2, 6.3.2.1, 6.3.3.2a&b API 653
26 D 7.2.10 API 575
27 B 8.5.1 b API 650
28 C FIG B-1- note 1 API 653
29 D 6.5.1 API 650
30 A T 277.1a ASME V
31 A 6.3.3.2 API 653
32 B 3.2.8 API 2015
33 A 6.2.1 API 652
34 C 10.5.4 API 653
35 A 469.1 ASME IX
36 B 3.2 API 651
37 A 4.3.2.2 A API 653
38 D 3.10 API 653
39 C C.3.13 API 650
40 B TABLE 4.3 API 653
41 D 12.3.1.a API 653
42 D T 731.c ASME V
43 B 10.4.2.3 API 653
44 B TABLE 4.3 API 653
45 D QW 251.3 QW 100.1 last para ASME IX
46 B 6.2 API 575
47 B 6.4.2. 1st para API 653
48 C 12.5.1.2 API 653
49 C 3.6.1.1 API 650
50 A 10.4.2.5 API 653

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51 A T 223 ASME V
52 D 4.3.3.1 A API 653
53 A 3.2.1 API 2015
54 A 5.2.1.5 API 650
55 D 7.2.10 4th para API 575
56 A QW 461.1 ASME IX
57 A 5.2 API 652
58 C 7.2.3 2015
59 C 6.1.5 API 650
60 B 9.12.3 API 653
61 C 4.3.3.4 API 653
62 B T762 b ASME V
63 D FIB B-11 API 653
64 C TABLE:4-1,4.3.3 API 653
65 D TABLE 4.4 API 653
66 D 6.2.1 API 652
67 C 6.4.2 API 653
68 D 9.3.2 API 650
69 A 6.5.1 API 650
70 A 13.1.2 API 653
71 B QW 322.1a ASME IX
72 D 4.3.4.1 API 653
73 C 12.2.3.2 API 653
74 B T 282.1 ASME V
75 C QW 461.5 ASME SEC IX
76 A T 777.2 e ASME SEC V ART 7
77 A 3.69 API 577
78 B 7.2.1.1 API 650
79 D 12.1.6.1 API 653
80 C 8.6.3 API 650
81 D 11.1.1 API 653
82 D QW 451 ASME SEC IX
83 B QW 451 SEC IX
84 D QW 461.9 ASME SEC IX
85 A QW 422 PI 653
86 B 4.3.2.1 B API 653
87 C 5.6.1 API 650
88 B 7.3.6.5 API 650
89 B Table A1 b note API 650
90 4 Qw 432 SEX IX
91 B 5.6.1 API 650

Page 22
92 A Table 4.2 API 653
93 B Given in the problem
94 B 5.6.3.2 API 650 Check answer
95 C 12.5.1.2 API 653
96 A B 3.3 API 653
97 B FIG 9.9 API 653
98 C 9.3.1.2 API 653
99 D 4.2.1.2 API 653

Page 23
 FINAL EXAM (CLOSED)
Instructions:
Choose only one answer, which you think is most appropriate.
Use the attached answer sheet in answering the following questions.

1. The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of

a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a:
a. minor alteration;
b. minor repair;
c. major alteration;
d. major repair.

2. A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt-60

source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is:
a. 4.0
b. 1.8
c. 2.0
d. 1.3

3. Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from:

a. A cathode to anode
b. An anode to cathode
c. Both installations are acceptable
d. Neither of a and b

4. is a change from previous operating conditions involving

different properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or
corrosivity and / or different service conditions of temperature and / or
pressure:
a. Re-rating;
b. Change in service;
c. Repair;
d. Reconstruction

Page 24
5. Describe how a liquid penetrant examination should be performed in order
to detect discontinuities, which are open to the surface.
a. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, remove excess
penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part
b. Clean the part, apply penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply the
developer, inspect the part, clean the part
c. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part,
remove excess penetrant, clean the part
d. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part,
clean the part

6. A radiographic technique in which radiation passed through two walls and

both the walls are viewed on the same radiograph (double wall, double
image – ellipse) the limitation for the outside diameter is:
a. 3-1/2”
b. 2”
c. 4”
d. Any diameter possible

7. Information needed when determining the rate of corrosion:

a. Original thickness or last inspection thickness
b. Current thickness
c. Length of time in service
d. All the above

8. The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in reconstructed tank

for horizontal welds is:
a. 1/64";
b. 1/32";
c. 1/16";
d. 1/8"

9. Tank was inspected in 1985 and the thickness was observed to be 0.32
inch. The thickness observed during inspection in 1995 was 0.30 inch. What
is corrosion rate?
a. 2 mpy
b. 20 mpy
c. 0.2 mpy
d. 1 mpy

Page 25
10. If remaining corrosion allowance (RCA) at present is 0.05 inch, the next
thickness inspection due for above tank shall not be later than:
a. 10 years
b. 15 years
c. 6 years
d. 12.5 years

11. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is repaired by welding overlay.

There is no change in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate.
Which of the following is the correct term to describe this process?
a. Reconstruction
b. Repair
c. Alteration
d. None of the above

12. The maximum interval between internal inspections shall not exceed
years when corrosion rate is known:
a. 10;
b. 20;
c. 5;
d. 15.

13. Hot taps are not permitted under which of the following conditions?
a. On plates requiring PWHT.
b. On ultrasonically sound plate
c. On tanks with dia. more than 80 feet.
d. None of the above.

14. A tank of 160 ft diameter is to be checked for shell settlement. Minimum

number of equally spaced settlement points to be checked will be:
a. 16
b. 20
c. 24
d. 12

Page 26
15. For a tank made by reconstruction, under what circumstances may a new
shell-to-bottom weld be exempt from hydrostatic testing?
a. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully
examined, visually and radiographically.
b. Reconstructed tank is never exempted from hydrostatic testing.
c. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully
examined, visually and by vacuum box.
d. When the welding method has been reviewed and approved by an engineer
experienced in tank design in accordance with API Standard 650.

16. In atmospheric conditions, bottom coatings may be applied if the steel

temperature is:
a. 2°F above the dew point
b. 5°F below the dew point.
c. 10°F above the dew point.
d. At the dew point.

17. Procedure qualification for welding during repair of tanks is done in

accordance with:
a. AWS D1.1
b. API 1104
c. ASME Section IX
d. All of the above

18. Widely scattered pits may be ignored under the following conditions
a. Where the service fluid is corrosive or hard to hold.
b. If sum of pit lengths along any 8” vertical line does not exceed 2”
c. When no pit has depth which results in the minimum thickness being less
than one-half the minimum acceptable thickness of the shell plate exclusive of
corrosion allowance
d. b and c

19. For verification of radiographic sensitivity and image quality, which of the
following are used:
a. Cassettes
b. Penetrameters
c. Cameras
d. Collimators

Page 27
20. Internal corrosion in the vapour space above liquid level occurs due to:
a. Hydrogen Sulphide vapour
b. Water vapour
c. Oxygen
d. Any combination of the above three

21. API 650: Appendix M provides requirements for Tanks designed to operate
at the following range of temperatures:
a. Exceeding 260°C
b. Above 90° - 260°C
c. Below 90°C
d. d. Below 0°C

22. For a reconstructed tank as per API 653 Verticality (out-of-plumbness) of

top of the shell shall not exceed,
a. 1/300 of total tank height
b. 1/250 of total tank height
c. 1/400 of total tank height
d. None of the above

23. When lining is applied to bottom on inside of tank, the lining shall extend
up the shell.
a. 6” min
b. 12” min
c. 18” min
d. 3” min

24. Hot tap can be performed on:

a. Vapour space in the shell
b. On the roof
c. In the shell below liquid level
d. Anywhere on the tank

25. A radiograph was having density near the penetrameter equal to 3.0. Hence
the acceptable density range of the radiograph is:
a. 1.7 to 4
b. 2.55 to 3.9
c. 2.0 to 4.0
d. None of the above

Page 28
26. The examiner for conducting magnetic particle testing on the tank welds
shall be:
a. Qualified as per ASNT Level II or III
b. Able to read Jagger-2
c. Qualified as per ASME Sec. V
d. None of the above

27. In atmospheric conditions, grit blasting can be done at temperature of at

least:
a. 2°F above the dew point.
b. 5°F below the dew point
c. 5°F above the dew point
d. At the dew point

28. How many equally spaced measurements are required for the thickness
averaging technique?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3
29. How many specimens must be used for impact tests from a single test
coupon or test location?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

30. Hydrostatic tests shall be held for hours for the reconstructed tank.
a. 2
b. 8
c. 24
d. 72

31. In a radiographic film of a weld, how is back scatter checked?

By use of a penetrameter
a. By film density
b. Using lead letter “B”
c. All of the above

Page 29
32. In general, if shell thickness does not exceed inch, it does not require
further assessment for brittle fracture:
a. 0.25
b. 0.75
c. 1.00
d. 0.50

33. Potential for brittle fracture exists for tanks constructed according to:
a. API 650 – 7th edition
b. API 650 – latest edition
c. API 650 – 4th edition
d. None of the above

34. Three types of external inspections are:

a. Scheduled, routine and liquid penetrant
b. Scheduled, routine and UT thickness
c. Scheduled out of service, routine and UT thickness
d. Unscheduled, routine and liquid penetrant

35. Welders qualifications shall expire as they do not weld:

a. Within a given process for a 6 month period
b. Using a given procedure for a 6 month period;
c. On a tank for 6 months;
d. For a 3 month period.

36. What are penetrameters used for:

a. A penetrameter is used for radiographic technique in that it serves as an
image quality indicator
b. It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials
c. To check penetrant quality in PT inspection
d. To check weld penetration during welding

37. Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum nominal
width of a shell plate?
a. 36 inches
b. 48 inches
c. 72 inches
d. 96 inches

Page 30
38. “Each vertical weld must be radiographed (either spot or full radiography)
for the bottom shell course (i.e., course no. 1) for all tanks constructed to
current API 650 Basic Standard.” This statement is:
a. False
b. True
c. Whether any radiography is required or not depends on shell thickness.
d. Depends on tank design Engineer’s opinion

39. According to ASME Sec. IX, welding filler metals are grouped into
groupings (based on their usability) as:
a. P-numbers
b. F-numbers
c. Z-numbers
d. ASTM spec.

40. When reviewing a radiograph, a light image of the letter B can be seen on
the film with dark background.
a. This is cause for rejection
b. This is not cause for rejection
c. This is the same as a light letter B
d. An unusual safety hazard existed during the exposure

41. Which of the following penetrant system is generally considered least

sensitive?
a. Water-washable – visible dye
b. Solvent removable – visible dye
c. Water-washable – fluorescent dye
d. Post-emulsification – visible dye

42. The nondestructive examination method to be used for a particular

inspection should be determined by the:
a. Availability of certified NDE examiners
b. Length of time since the last inspection
c. Age of the component to be inspected
d. Type, location, and orientation of the expected flaws

43. Out of the following four options in LPT, most sensitive results can be
obtained by:
a. Visible penetrant – water washable
b. Fluroscent penetrant – post emulsifying type
c. Visible – solvent removable type
d. Visible – post emulsifying type

Page 31
44. A PQR was qualified in 5G position using a new welder. But production
welding is to be done in 2G position. Which of the following are applicable
as a minimum?
a. Both procedure and welder shall be re-qualified in 2G position.
b. The qualified procedure can be used ,only welder needs to be re-qualified
c. The welder is qualified, but the procedure needs re-qualification
d. Both procedure and welder need not be re-qualified.

45. Minimum thickness evaluation may be conducted by?

a. Use of an external micrometer only
b. Ultrasonic testing
c. D.P. Check
d. None of above

46. For procedure qualification documentation:

a. WPS gives the procedure test data and results of tensile/bend test
b. PQR gives ranges qualified by procedure test
c. PQR gives procedure test data and WPS gives ranges qualified
d. WPS and PQR both give test data and ranges qualified

47. dentify correct statement from following:

a. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure
occurs at or above Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of base
metal
b. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure
occurs above SMTS of base metal
c. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed even if weld metal failure
occurs above 95% of SMTS of base metal
d. None of the above

48. When using radiographs to qualify welder, the acceptance standards used
are found in:
a. ASME Section V
b. ASME Section IX
c. ASME Section VIII
d. The referencing code

Page 32
49. An RBI assessment can be used to alter the internal inspection strategy
provided:
RBI is performed considering likelihood of failure and consequence of failure.
a. The RBI is fully documented.
b. A third party conducts the RBI.
c. Both “a” and “b” above

50. You are reviewing a WPQ for a welder. The test results indicate the
following:
a. Satisfactory side bend
b. Face bend satisfactory
c. Visual satisfactory

Will these tests qualify the welder?

a. Yes
b. No, because bend tests are not correct type.
c. Not enough information given
d. No, because radiography is essential for welder qualification

Page 33
 FINAL EXAM (CLOSED)
ANSWER
Q. Answer Reference Q. Answer Reference
1 D API 653, 12.3.1.2 (b) 26 B API 650, 6.2.3
2 C ASME V, T-282.1 27 C API 652, 7.4
3 B API 651, 4.4.1 28 B API 653, 4.3.2.1 (c)
4 B API 653, 3.7 29 C API 650, 2.2.8.3
5 B ASME V, T-600 30 C API 653, 12.3.1.1
6 A ASME V, T-271.2 (b) 31 C ASME V, T-284
7 D API 575, 7.6 32 D API 653, Fig. 5-2
8 B API 653, 10.4.2.5 33 C API 653, 5.3.2
9 A API 653, 3.8 34 B API 653, 6.3
10 D API 653, 6.3.3.2 (b) 35 A ASME IX, QW 322.1
(a)
11 B API 653, 3.15 36 A ASME V
12 B API 653, 6.4.2.1 37 C API 650, 3.6.12
13 A API 653, 9.14.1.1 38 B API 650, 6.1
14 A API 653, 12.5.1.2 39 B ASME IX, QW - 431
15 B API 653, 12.3.1.1 (a) 40 A ASME V, T-284
16 C API 652, 8.3 41 A ASME V, Art. 6
17 C API 653, 11.1.1 42 D General Knowledge
18 D API 653, 4.3.2.2 43 B ASME V, Gen.
Knowledge
19 B ASME V, Art. 2 44 B ASME IX, Table QW-
461.9
20 D API 575, 5.2.2 45 B General Knowledge
21 B API 650, 1.1.17 46 C ASME IX, QW – 200.2
22 D API 653, 10.5.2.1 47 D ASME IX, QW - 153
23 C API 652, 6.4 48 B ASME IX, QW – 191.2
24 C API 653, 9.14.1.2 49 D API 653, 6.4.3
25 C ASME V, Art. 2 50 B ASME IX, QW - 452

Page 34
 FINAL EXAM (OPEN)
Instructions:
Choose only one answer, which you think is most appropriate.
Use the attached answer sheet in answering the following questions.

1. Exclusive of corrosion allowance, what is the minimum nominal thickness for

all new construction bottom plates?
a. ½ inch
b. ¼ inch
c. 3/16 inch
d. 5/8 inch

2. For shell horizontal joints, how many additional radiographs shall be taken
for each 50 feet of horizontal joint, (not including those required as per API
650) for welds made in existing plates during the repair?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

3. The recommended minimum development time (penetrant testing) allowed

for a material made of high temperature alloy is:
a. 5 min
b. 10 min
c. 7 min
d. 60 min

4. Select suitable hole type (source side) penetrameter for following weld joint:

a. No. 20
b. No. 25
c. No. 30

Page 35
d. None of the above

Page 36
5. If type of penetrameter is Q.1 is changed to wire type what shall be the wire
designation (wire decimeter in inch)
a. 0.025 (No. 10)
b. 0.016 (No. 8)
c. 0.032 (No. 11)
d. None of the above

6. For steel plates and weld to be checked LPI, what shall be the penetration
time for penetrant
a. 10 min for weld, 5 min for plate
b. 5 min for both
c. 10 min for both
d. 5 min for weld, 10 min for plate

7. After applying the dry developer the examiner checked four welds for surface
defects after following period, weld A- after 5 minute, weld B after 10 minute,
weld C was checked after 30 minutes and weld D after 65 minutes which of
the weld were checked wrongly
a. Weld A and B
b. Weld C and D
c. Weld D only
d. Weld A and D

8. Following combination of base metal and welding electrode was qualified by

a certain PQR… impact testing is not required.

Base Metal =SA 285 GrC Plates, ¾” thk

Welding electrode = AWS E 6015

This PQR will qualify which of the following combination of base metal-
welding electrodes.
a. 1” thk SA 515Gr 60 plates, E 6013 electrodes
b. 1 ¾ “ rhk SA 285 GrC plates, E 6013 electrodes
c. 1 ¼ thk plates SA 516Gr70, E 7018 electrodes
d. None of the above

9. For MT examination by prod techniques the spacing between prods shall be

between
a. 4 inch to 12 inch
b. 4 inch to 10 inch
c. 3 inch to 10 inch
d. 3 inch to 8 inch

Page 37
Page 38
10. For a tank with 130 ft diameter thickness of top course worked out was
td=5mm tt=4mm. What will be minimum nominal thickness provided for this
course according to API 650 for a new tank?
a. 3/16” (5mm)
b. 1/4” (6mm)
c. 5/16” (8mm)
d. None of the above

11. For a tank with diameter 100ft was found to have thickness reduction in a
localized area. Minimum thickness observed (t2) was 1 inch. What will be the
critical vertical length of for the area?
a. 40 inches
b. 37 inches
c. 45 inches
d. None of the above

12. On a tank roof plate two corroded areas was observed at locations A and B
for location A, average thickness = 0.085 inches, area = 105 in2

Location B, average thickness = 0.095 inches, Area = 105 in2 your decision will be:

a. Both A and B are within limits

b. Location A is OK, location B is art of limits
c. Both A and B are out of limits
d. Location B in OK, location A is out of limits

13. Hot tap connection is to be made on tank with following description shell
plate thickness = ¾ inch. Design temperature = 30°F the plates were not
tested for impact testing, (Consr. Code API 650-1974). What will be the
maximum size of tapping connection?
a. 8 inches NPS
b. 6 inches NPS
c. 10 inches NPS
d. 4 inches NPS

14. A replacement plate to be used on a shell thickness of 5/8 inch, on the

second course of the tank. Thickness of first course and third course is also
5/8 inch. Following 3 plates are available which one is most suitable to be
used as replacement plate.
a. Plate thickness = ¾”
b. Plate thickness = 5/8”
c. Plate thickness = 1/2”

Page 39
d. Plate thickness = 1”

Page 40
15. A tank is having remaining corrosion allowance of 2.5mm and corrosion rate
of the shell is 0.1mm per year. What will be inspection interval for next
ultrasonic thickness inspection from outside of the tank?
a. 15 Years
b. 12.5 Years
c. 10 Years
d. 5 Years

16. Typical corroded areas on a shell plate are exhibited below in figure 1 with
measured thickness in inches indicated on the sketch. The un-corroded
thickness of the shell plate is 0.750 inches and C.A is 0.125”

The total length of a arrow line drawn is 8 inches. The length of the line in each of
the corroded areas A, B and C are 1.5”, 0.8” and 0.5 inches respectively.

Comment on the acceptability of the corroded condition.

a. The pitting can be ignored as a case of widely scattered pitting as both pitting
depth and dimensions are within limits
b. Not acceptable as size are not OK, total length of the pit dimensions is more
than permitted
c. The pitting can be ignored as a case of widely scattered pitting since depth
are OK
d. The pitting cannot be ignored as a case of widely scattered pitting since
depth are not OK

Page 41
17. Two plates sample A and B were tested for longitudinal impact testing.
Following were results observed. They belonged to Group No. I as per API
650:

Results of impact test for sample A were 18ft lb, 8ft lb, 16ft lb.
Results on sample ‘B’: 12ft lb, 14ft lb, 20 ft. lb
Your assessment will be:

a. sample A and B both OK

b. sample A and B both to be re-tested
c. sample B is OK, A shall be re-tested
d. sample a is OK, B shall be re-tested

18. For replacement to an existing 0.25” thick shell plate of an AST, another plate
of 0.25” thickness to ASTM A36 is used. What should be the minimum clear
distance between the outer edges of the adjacent butt welds of vertical and
horizontal joints, respectively?
a. 10” & 6”
b. 6” & 3”
c. 8” & 4”
d. 12” & 6”

19. Repair of a 5/8” thick shell, using lapped (lap welded) patch plate of 1/8” thick
was carried out, without informing the Owner. Such a repair is not acceptable
as per API standard 653, because:
a. Owner had not specified use of patch plate repairs
b. Lap patch plate of less than 3/16” is not permitted
c. Lap patch plate repair on shell thickness more than above ½” is not permitted
d. All of above

20. As per API Standard 650, the offset between vertical seams of adjacent shells
shall be a minimum distance of:
a. 5 t, where ‘t’ is the plate thickness of thicker shell course at the offset
b. 4 t, where ‘t’ is the plate thickness of thicker shell course at the offset
c. 3 t, where ‘t’ is the plate thickness of thicker shell course at the offset
d. 2 t, where ‘t’ is the plate thickness of thicker shell course at the offset

21. When butt welded annular bottom plates are used, in an AST built to API
Standard 650, their width from inside of the shell shall be at least:
a. 900 mm
b. 300 mm
c. 600 mm

Page 42
 d. None of the above

22. Misalignment in a completed 20 mm thick vertical seam of an AST built to API

Standard 650 shall be more than:
a. 2 mm
b. 1.5 mm
c. 0.8 mm
d. 3 mm

23. Out of roundness measured as deviation from radius measured 1 foot above
the bottom corner weld of a 150 ft diameter AST built to API Standard 650,
shall not exceed:
a. 1” (25 mm)
b. ½ “ (12.7 mm)
c. ¾” (19 mm)
d. 1-1/4” (32 mm)

24. Local deviations from theoretical shape of an aboveground storage tank

(AST), built to API Standard 650, specifically “Peaking” at vertical joints or
“Banding” at horizontal weld joints as measured over an appropriate
sweepboard of 36” shall not exceed:
a. 19 mm (3/4”)
b. 13 mm (1/2”)
c. 16 mm (5/8”)
d. 1/8 mm (3”)

25. An AST has remaining corrosion allowance of 3.2 mm. The known rate of
corrosion of shell is 200 microns per year. As per API Standard 653, when
should the external visual inspection by an Authorized Inspector shall be
carried out at an interval not exceeding:
a. 5 years
b. 8 years
c. 4 years
d. 15 years

Page 43
 FINAL EXAM (OPEN)
ANSWERS
Q. No. Answer Reference
1 B API 650, 3.4.1
2 A API 653, 12.2.1.2
3 C ASME Sec. V, Table T - 672
4 B ASME Sec. V, Table T - 276
5 D ASME Sec. V, Table T - 276
6 D ASME Sec. V, Table T - 672
7 D ASME Sec. V, T-676.1
8 C ASME Sec. IX, Table QW – 422, QW - 432
9 D ASME Sec. V, T – 773.3
10 C API 650, 3.6.1.1
11 B API 653, 4.3.2.1 (b)
12 D API 653, 4.2.1.2
13 D API 653, 9.14.1.1 (b)
14 B API 653, 9.2.1
15 B API 653, 6.3.3.2 (b)
16 B API 653, 4.3.2.2 (b)
17 C API 650, Table 2-4, and 2.2.8.3
18 B API 653, Fig. 9-1
19 D API 653, 9.3.1, 9.3.1.3
20 A API 650, 5.1.5.2 (b)
21 C API 650, 5.1.5.4
22 A API 650, 7.2.3.1
23 A API 650, 7.5.3
24 B API 650, 7.5.4
25 C API 653, 6.3.2.1

Page 44
 API PUBLICATION 2207 QUESTIONS
Open book.

1. Of the following, which is the correct range of oxygen content necessary

for entry into confined spaces (without being special breathing
equipment)?
a. 18.0 to 20.0%
b. 19.0 to 21.0%
c. 19.5 to 22.5%
d. 20.0 to 23.0%

2. As used in this Publication, which of the following best describes the term
Hot Work?
a. Any external heat greater than 200° F
b. An operation producing a spark or flame hot enough to ignite flammable
vapors
c. Weld arcs, air arcs or cutting torches only
d. Any external or internal heat greater than 200° F

3. When scraping metal (with lead contamination) where excessive heating

will be applied, what is the minimum measurement (away from the heat
area) recommended?
a. 12. on each side of heat line
b. 24. on each side of heat line
c. 24. diameter circle around outside edge of heat line
d. Dependent on tested lead contamination value

4. Which specific inert gas is suggested for injection under bottom when hot
work is in progress?
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Helium
d. Carbon Dioxide

5. While work is in progress (inside tank), all work areas must be monitored
for oxygen deficiency and.
a. Combustible atmospheres
b. Toxic atmospheres
c. Heat atmospheres
d. a and b

Page 45
Page 46
API PUBLICATION 2207 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Q.NO. ANS
1 C
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 D

Page 47
 API 653 Missing Links- HOT TAP Requirement

To minimize burn through, the first weld pass to equipment or piping less than
1/4 in. (6.4 mm) thick should be made with a 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) or smaller diameter
welding electrode to limit heat input.

Use Low Hydrogen electrode like 7016, 7028, 7048

If CE is more than 0.43 % use extra low Hydrogen electrode E-xxxx- H4

Flow should be between 1.3 fps to 4 fps

GENERAL:

a. ASME Sec. V is NDT procedure/methods code and is applicable only if it

is referenced by the relevant construction code. The extent of NDT and
acceptance standards is given in relevant construction code.

b. NDT equipment and their calibration shall be as per ASME Sec. V.

c. Examiner is NDT person in employment of fabricator or repair

organization. Inspector means Authorized Inspector who finally
accepts/rejects NDT results.

Page 48
FOR RT:

a. Satisfactory radiograph shall meet requirements of density and IQI image

(2T hole for hole type and designated wire for wire type).

b. Backscatter:
Light image of B on dark background - Unacceptable

c. Density Limitations:

Min 1.8 for X Ray / 2.0 for G-Ray

Max 4.0 for X / G Ray
Density Variation = -15 % to + 30%

d. Double wall viewing (DWDI) - Up to 3.5” outside

diameter

e. Penetrameter Selection: Table T-276. Thickness includes weld

reinforcement. But not backing.

f. Penetrameter shall be normally placed on source side. If not possible, it

may be placed on film side with lead letter “F”.

Page 49
 Article – 5 UT Method for Materials

 Scope – Selecting and developing UT procedure for part, components, materials

and all thickness determinations
 Written Procedure: contain minimum requirement listed in cable 7.522 essential and
non-essential variables procedure to be qualified when specified.
 Equipment: Plus Echo type UT instrument shall be used, frequency over range of
the atleast 1 Mhz to 5 Mhz, gain control – 2.0 dB or less
 Reject control shall be in “off” position for all examination. If it is on shall not effective
linearity of the examination.
 Search Unit: Frequency 1 Mhz to 5 Mhz
 Couplant: nickel base alloy  sulphur not more than 250psi SS or Titanium  halide
(chloride + Flourid) not > 250psi
 Calibration Block: P1, P3, P4, P5 are equivalent
 C.B  should be same material Specific product from, heat treatment as the
material being examined
 Calibration: Instrument linearity checks every 3 months interval or prior to first use.
Calibration includes the Complete Ultrasonic System
The difference of temperature between C.B & Job with in 25ºF (14ºC) examination
average: overlap 10% of Probe dimension perpendicular to the direction of seam
Movement of Probe < 6 in/sec (152 mm/sec)
Calibration of equipment with the standard at the beginning and end of each
examination.
T570 Examination: All forgings & bars  Straight beam examination
Ring forging and hollow forging  additionally angle beam with two circumferential
directions
Make to fine grain melting  addition to above angle beam in two axial directions
Plate shall be examined as per SA435 as applicable
Tubular Protect – as per SE-230 or SE-273 as applicable.
Casting  as per SA-609 + angle beam examination
Bolting  SA-388 + prior to threading,
Thickness measurement  as per SE-797
Evaluation: Any imperfection with an indication amplitude in excess of 20% of DAC shall
be investigated & revaluated to the acceptance criterial of the referencing code.
Documentation: Non-rejectable indication shall be recorded, rejectable indications
shall be recorded with type of defect such as cracks, lamination etc + location and
extent shall be recorded

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Page 51
 Article – 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination

Scope: Open to surface discontinuities, nonporous metals

Cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts. Laminations & Porosity
Developer – absorb penetrant & contrasting background
Color contrast – Visible under white light
Fluorescent  Visible under Ultravoilet light
Temperature range – 10ºC – 52ºC (50ºF – 125º F)

Procedure revision is required  change of product

Type of cleaning changed or process
Grit blasting or acid treatment.

Penetrant materials  penetrant, emulsifier, solvent cleaning agent, developer etc.

Material Nickel alloy, SS, Titanium  certification of penetrant is required

Contaminants: nickel alloy sample penetrant (except cleaners)

50g material  150 mm dia glass petridish  heat at temperature 90º C to 100ºC 60
minutes
Residue should be less than 0.0025 grams
Sulphur should be less than 1% of residue weight
Cleaner  100 gram material  50 mm dia glass dish  heat at temperature 90º C to
100ºC 60 minutes
Residue should be less than 0.005 grams
Sulphur should be less than 1% of residue weight

Austenitic stainless steel

Penetrant analyzing method is same as above (Nickel Alloy)
Residue weight is also same as above (0.0025 gram)
Total chlorine + Fluorine content should be less than 1% of weight
Cleaner analyzing method is same as above
Residue weight is same as above (0.005 grams)
Total chorine + Fluorine content is < 1% or residue weight
 Surface preparation  area to be examined and adjacent are within 25% shall be
dry……..
 Typical cleaning agents  detergent, solvent, descaling solution, paint remover etc.
 Drying after preparation  normal evaporation forced hot or cool air.
 Techniques  water washable, post emulsifying, solvent removing

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 Technique

For standard temperature: Penetrant and surface temperature should with in 10ºC to
52ºC (50ºF to 125ºF) throughout the examination. Local heating and cooling is ok if the
temperature is within the above.

For non-standard temperature: requires qualification.

Penetrant may be applied by  dipping, brushing, spraying

Penetration and Dwell Time :

Penetrant Developer
Casting &  5 7
Common Weld
Material Wrought,  10 7
Plate
All other All forms  5 7
materials

 Water washable penetrant  water pressure should not exceed 50 psi and
temperature should not exceed 43ºC
 Post emulsification penetrant  dipophilic & hydrophilic emulsification
 Lipophilic  no prerinsing with water before emulsification, after emulsification
rinsing with water
 Hydrophilic  Prior to emulsification pre-rinsing with water time shall not exceed 1
minute, after emulsification rinse with water
 Solvent removable solvents  first remove with cloth or absorbent paper by wiping
 then cloth or paper moistured with solvent likely wipe the surface flushing the
surface with solvent is prohibited
 Developer  Colour contrast penetrant  only wet developer
Fluorescent contrast penetrant  water or dry developer

Dry developer shall be applied  powder gun, soft brush, hand powder bulb

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Wet developer

Aqueous developer may be applied on wet or dry surface (dipping, brushing, and
spraying)
Warm air may be used, normal drying.

Non-aqueous developer only on dry surface (spraying, brushing is ok).

Developing time is 7 minutes

Interpretation  within 7 to 60 minutes after developing time

Minimum light intensity shall be 50 FC (500 lux) for color contrast penetrant

Fluorescent penetrant  Black light intensity  1000 μ W/cm2, measured with black
light meter every 8 hours, Black light warm up for 5 minutes, Examiner should be dark
area for 1 minute prior to examination

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 Article – 7
Magnetic Particle Examination

 Applicable for ferromagnetic materials on or near surface discontinuities

 Surface preparation  surface to be examined + adjacent areas with in at least 25
mm
 Continuous Examination method:- magnetizing current remains on surface while
particles are applied
 Magnetic field accuracy is measured using 1. Pie-shaped magnetic field indicator 2.
Artificial flow shims 3. Hall-effect Tangential – field probe
 Calibration of Equipment: shall be calibrated at least once a year with an ammeter
 Lifting power of magnetizing yokes shall be checked daily prior to use
 AC yoke lifting power should be 4.5 kg (1016) min
 DC yoke or permanent yoke should be 18.1 kg (4016) min
 Examination: at least two separate examination on each area

Prod Technique:
 For 19 mm thickness greater  100 amp/in – 125 amp/in
o > 19  90 - 110 amp/in
o Prod spacing shall not exceed 18 inch
o Less than 3 inch spacing is not permitted
o Current is > 25 V – lead, steel or aluminum (rather than copper) tipped prods
are recommended
Yoke Technique:

 Only for discontinuities where are open to the surface

 AC or DC electromagnetic yokes are permanent magnet yokes
 Lifting power of electromagnetic yoke prior to use within the last year
 Permanent magnetic yoke daily prior to use
 Dry particle for surface temperature up to 316ºC
 Wet particle for surface temperature up to 57ºC
 For Non-Fluorescent particle: Lighting required 100 FC (1000 lux)
 For fluorescent particle: Black light is 1000 μ W/cm2 (light intensity is measured
every 8 hours)
 Examiner should be at least 5 minutes in darkening area prior to performing
examination.
 Black light shall be warm up 5 minutes to use

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 Article 9
Visual examination

 Visual examination shall be performed in accordance with written procedure

 When specified procedure should be qualified
 Procedure demonstration  a fine line of 1/32” (0.8 mm) or less in width artificial
defects on the surface to be examined
 Physical requirements  Annual Visual Test, near distance acuity should be J-1
letters (Jaiger test)
 Direct visual examination 
o Eye angle should not be less than 30º from the surface eye should within 24”
that 610 mm from the surface
o Mirrors and magnifying glass may be used to aid the exam
o The minimum white light intensity should be 100 FC (1000 lux)
 Remote visual examination  mirrors, telescopes, boroscopes, fiber optics,
cameras, ortho-suitable instruments

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 Article 10 – Leak Testing

 Leak testing shall be as per procedure

 Gauge range – preference is double the test pressure not less than 1½ time not
more than 4 hours test process
 The above requirements is not applicable for vacuum gauge
 Unless specified, leak testing shall not exceed 25% of the design procedure
 Calibration of the pressure gauge shall be at least once the year using “dead weight
tester” or “mercury column”
o For bubble test – normally air is used, inert gas may also be used.
o House hold soap or detergent are not permitted.
o For immersion bath test  water or other compatible is ok
o Test pressure shall be help for 15 minutes
o Surface temperature  not less than 4º not more than 52º
o Application may be flowing, spraying, brushing.
o Lighting and vision requirement is as per visual examination article 9

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