THE MWALIMU NYERERE MEMORIAL ACADEMY

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR DEGREE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

MODULE NAME: LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS

MODULE CODE: SSU 07313

LECTURER: MR. AGAPITI, KARISTI

TYPE OF WORK: GROUP ASSIGNMENT

GROUP NO: 10

NO NAMES REG. NO
1 MASINI MASHENENE J. MNMA/BD.HRM/6910/21

2 KIDOGOMA, Edward MNMA/BD.HRM/6894/21

3 EDWARD, Emanuel MNMA/BD.HRM/6899/21

4 KARATA, Hanifa Hemedi MNMA/BD.HRM/6923/21

5 MWAMKINGA, Anold L MNMA/BD.HRM/6925/21

6 LIKULILE, Diana John MNMA/BD.HRM/6927/21

7 RUBEN, PRIVA MNMA/BD.HRM/6752/21

8 JOSEPH, Fredy William MNMA/BD.HRM/6933/21

9 Jackline Jeremiah MNMA/BD.HRM/6938/21
10 KALOBONEKA, Habiba M MNMA/BD.HRM/6940/21

11 KAMELA, Suzana Samson MNMA/BD.HRM/6783/21

12 KILEMBE, Ailini P MNMA/BD.HRM6694/21/
13 SHABANI, Rehema Hamza MNMA/BD.HRM/6645/21
14 MLIGO LOVENESS, Marko MNMA/BD.HRM/6736/21
15 BUNUKA, Swalehe A MNMA/BD.HRM/6614/21
16 MKOVA, Amirtaj Athumani MNMA/BD.HRM/6616/21
17 MASOMO Batul A MNMA/BD.HRM/6929/21
18 SALUMU SHABANI NANGU MNMA/BD.HRM/6577/20
ALOYCE ALOYCE WILE MNMA/BD.HRM/7316/22

QUESTION

What is power and how can the exercise of power be regarded in positive as well as negative
terms. What is the role of leader’s power to the followers?
Power, is the ability to exercise one’s will over others Weber, (1922). Power affects more than
personal relationships; it shapes larger dynamics like social groups, professional organizations,
and governments.

The exercise of power is a social process which helps to explain how different people can
influence the behavior or actions of others. Five main sources of power upon which the influence
of the leader is based have been identified by French and Raven (1959) as reward power,
coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power. We shall consider these in
terms of the manager (as a leader) and subordinate relationship as explained as follows.

Legitimate power, in an organization with a management hierarchy, a person can hold power
based upon their title and rank within the organization. For this type of power to be most
effective, the person who holds the title must be viewed as having earned it legitimately. So, this
might not apply to the boss's son unless he made his way through the rank and file.

Expert power, this is power derived from having superior knowledge. People hold this person in
high regard for their critical thinking skills and their ability to solve problems. This can come
from education, experience, and business or technical acumen.

Referent power, this power comes from relationships. It can be a function of personal charisma,
or it can come from knowing people in high office and having their ear. Think of the power
behind the throne.

Coercive power, Think of someone who has power because they're willing to twist the screws to
somebody, so to speak. Coercive power comes from the ability to threaten or punish someone in
order to get your way.

Reward power, this is power based upon the ability to provide incentives. This is viewed
positively unless the rewards are handed out based on favoritism rather than merit.

Above are the sources of leadership power, where is regarded as positive as well as negative
respectively due to the exercise of above power where by a leader uses a power to bring positive
result it regarded as positive and when a leader uses power to bring negative result regarded as
negative. As a result the following are the facts based on the exercise of leadership power as
follows,

To increase performance, the power is regarded as positive when the leader uses reward power
to motivate the followers in order to make them work hard so that their performance will be
higher and through that productivity will increase.
Good relationship to team members, as a leader, it is your responsibility to make sure that your
team enjoys working with you. Building a strong team takes time and dedication. But it’s
guaranteed to pay off when your team becomes strong and productive, and starts contributing to
your company’s success, so is said to be positive when the leader exercise power to ensure the
followers among the team has a good relation themselves as well as with the leader, so when.
The organization exercises good relation with a high cooperation it regarded as a positive
exercise of power. For example the leader may use a referent power to ensure better relationship
among team members.

High morale in workplace, when a leader exercise power as positive at workplace obviously
the morale of followers will be high in the workplace. For instance the leader rewarding,
recognizing, promoting the best performance this can influence to the rise the morale to other
followers to work hard and this may led to rise of the productivity in workplace. Reward power
is regarded as positive terms in power. So once in the workplace there is high morale to
followers is regarded as leader exercise the positive terms to his or her followers.

High productivity, as the leader if you create good relationship and communication with
followers it may lead to the high productivity. Because the leader provided reward to the
follower will increase the morale of followers and work hard and increase the productivity and to
reach the goals which are planned.by the team members.

Negative exercise of power, these refer to personal power used for personal gain. Managers who
use personal power are commonly as power hungry this is according to Dennis koslowskis
tenure. Due to the leader uses power for personal gains the following result may determine
negative exercise of power.

Favoritism and nepotism, Favoritism at workplace, refers to the situation where someone in
leadership position demonstrates unfair terms. May be influenced by personal bond, friendship
between them Meanwhile Nepotism Refers to the act of using power to influence to get unfair
advantages for member of own family; When it occurs such circumstances at the workplace. It
may prevent an open work environment. Making staff unwilling to collaborate with another's and
ruins or break relationship and trust between followers and leaders.

Resistance and conflicts, leaders by exercising more hard power like coercive power to
followers, resistance and conflict may arise at workplace and this will be regarded a power as
negative.

The role of the leader’s power to followers

To develop a team work, Leadership is essential to making teamwork from the followers.
Where Negative leadership traits can ruin and destroy all sense of teamwork they possess.
Adversely, positive leadership traits can encourage teams to work together seamlessly and
achieve greater goals. In the professional setting it is team leaders, managers, business owners,
executives, and other leaders who are responsible for the teamwork environment in their place of
work. Because of the amount of influence a leader can have over their followers, it is their
responsibility to do whatever is reasonable to create and promote teamwork

To influence the behavior of followers and coordinate the activities, as leaders, we do a lot.
We inspire. We mediate. We decide. We direct. And we do countless other things as part of a
day's work. Along with all of this, however, we have another job-one that is sometimes obvious,
sometimes that is always part of what we are doing. That job is influencing the behavior of our
followers. Where Influence is the ability to persuade someone to think or act in the way you
want. This ability is an essential part of leadership. After all, someone who can't convince
people of things isn't a leader--no one is following him or her. And also when a leader influence
the followers also is responsible for coordinating the activities within the organization by
ensuring good flow of work and proper utilization of resources as a liable to the organization.

To facilitate changes, when an organizations leader leads the employees in the correct direction
and motivates them to continuously improve and innovate, the organization performance will
surely increase and be able to sustain the organization in the current complex business
environment. Also the leader must use his power in proper way it will helps to increase the
employees efficiency as the results that can leads to the increase of the production of goods with
quality and quantity which brings development and changes within the organization.

To make decision, an effective leader is the one who uses his power to understand how to
balance emotions with reason and have the decision making skills to positively impact
themselves and their followers in making good decision in difficult situations. They often
involve changes uncertainties, stress, and sometimes dealing with other unfavorable reactions.
Having good decision making skills also means building critical thinking skills with which to
ascertain the problems and come up with solution that is beneficial to followers. Further leaders
have to maintain fairness when making decisions.

To create vision and mission strategies to guide followers, a leader by using his/her power is
responsible for creating vision and mission of the organization for example by using poison
power. Vision describes an organization's direction, while its mission defines its purpose.
Strategy a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim. By focusing on the
value an organization creates, the mission helps prioritize activities and provides a framework for
decision-making. Vision also plays a significant role in a leader's strategy for the organization.
Any leader should have an ability and knowledge to plan and organize the mission, vision and
strategy of the organization which will help to foreseen what the organization plan to achieve. So
the leader should influence his or her followers to participate and work hard through those
mission, vision and strategy of the organization which will facilitate to better outcome

To make the proper allocation of resources to the followers, due to the power of leader, he
supposed to make good allocation of resources such as manpower resources, physical resource,
financial resources few to mention in a certain issues to their followers, and this would help to
bring up good and better performance of his followers through the good allocation of resources.

To maintain good relationship among the followers, a leader also encourages good
communication and build relationships among the team members so that they may work
successful and learn from one another. A leader knows how to motivate and encourage his/her
team members to do their best work through acknowledge and praise by using the power has. A
leader can maintain relationship among their followers through prefer working in group than
working alone. Also leader should ensure there is good relationship between leader and followers
through reduce supervision, rewarding and praise members who working well in their jobs.
Conclusion, Power in leadership is very important because it helps teams reach greater levels of
performance. Having the ability to lead and motivate others is valuable for anyone in a
managerial position to inspire their teams to reach big goals. Powerful leaders are usually
extremely persuasive.
 REFERENCES

1. Koontz, H. and Weihnrich, H (2005) Essentials of Management, 6th Edition, Tata

McGraw-Hill, India
2. Bowen, R., (2000), Recognizing and Rewarding Employees, McGraw-Hill
3. Hinkin, Timothy R.,Schriesheim, Chester A (1989),.Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 74(4),

4. Hurisburg, Pa;Stackpole. (1976), A study of organizational leadership/edited by the

associates, office of military leadership, united states.