Day 1

SQL> -- creating product
SQL> create table product ( pid number(3) , pname varchar(20) not null ,
2 price number not null , quantity number(3) not null,
3 primary key(pid) );
Table created.
SQL> desc product;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
PID NOT NULL NUMBER(3)
PNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
PRICE NOT NULL NUMBER
QUANTITY NOT NULL NUMBER(3)
SQL> ---to know about constraints

SQL> set lines 3000
SQL> select *
2 from user_constraints;
OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SCOTT SYS_C007633 C PRODUCT
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL

"PRICE" IS NOT NULL

"QUANTITY" IS NOT NULL
SCOTT SYS_C007020 R DUM

SCOTT
SCOTT FK_DEPTNO R EMP
SCOTT
SCOTT PK_DEPT P DEPT
SCOTT PK_EMP P EMP
SCOTT SYS_C007019 U EMPLL
SCOTT SYS_C007636 P PRODUCT
9 rows selected.
SQL> select *
2 from user_constraints
3 where table_name = 'PRODUCT';

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL

"PRICE" IS NOT NULL

SQL> --- CREATING CUSTOMER TABLE

SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER ( CID NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,
2 CNAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
3 CITY VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL
4 PINCODE NUMBER(6) NOT NULL);
PINCODE NUMBER(6) NOT NULL)
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER ( CID NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,

2 CNAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
3 CITY VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
4 PINCODE NUMBER(6) NOT NULL);
Table created.
SQL> SET LINES 100

SQL> DESC CUSTOMER;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
CID NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
CNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
CITY NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
PINCODE NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
SQL> -- ORDERS TABLE

SQL> CREATE TABLE ORDERS ( PRIMARY KEY(ORID) ,
2 ORID NUMBER(2) ,
3 CUST_ID NUMBER(2) REFERENCES CUSTOMER(CID),
4 PROD_ID NUMBER(3) ,
5 CONSTRAINT FK_ORDERS FOREIGN KEY(PROD_ID) PRODUCT (PID),
6 ORDERED_DATE DATE CONSTRAINT NN_ORDERS NOT NULL,
7 DELIVER_DATE DATE NOT NULL);
CONSTRAINT FK_ORDERS FOREIGN KEY(PROD_ID) PRODUCT (PID),
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00905: missing keyword
SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 CREATE TABLE ORDERS ( PRIMARY KEY(ORID) ,

2 ORID NUMBER(2) ,
3 CUST_ID NUMBER(2) REFERENCES CUSTOMER(CID),
4 PROD_ID NUMBER(3) ,
5 CONSTRAINT FK_ORDERS FOREIGN KEY(PROD_ID) REFERENCES
PRODUCT (PID),
6 ORDERED_DATE DATE CONSTRAINT NN_ORDERS NOT NULL,
7* DELIVER_DATE DATE NOT NULL)
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> SET LINES 3000

SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ORDERS';

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SCOTT NN_ORDERS C ORDERS
"ORDERED_DATE" IS NOT NULL
SCOTT SYS_C007642 C ORDERS

"DELIVER_DATE" IS NOT NULL
SCOTT SYS_C007643 P ORDERS
SCOTT SYS_C007644 R ORDERS

SCOTT
SCOTT FK_ORDERS R ORDERS
SCOTT
SQL>
SQL> INSERT ALL
2 INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 1 ,'IPHONE11' ,39999,10)
3 INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 2 ,'IPHONE12' ,49999, 4)
7 INTO CUSTOMER VALUES (1 , 'ANIL' , 'HYD' ,500082)
8 INTO CUSTOMER VALUES (2 , 'ABHI' , 'CHN' ,600001)
9 INTO CUSTOMER VALUES (3 , 'AKHIL' , 'BNG' ,500001)
10 INTO CUSTOMER VALUES (4, 'RANI' , 'HYD' , 500072)
11 SELECT *
12 FROM DUAL;
9 rows created.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM PRODUCT;
PID PNAME PRICE QUANTITY

---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
1 IPHONE11 39999 10
2 IPHONE12 49999 4
3 IPHONE13 59999 6
4 IPHONE14 69999 2
5 IPHONE15 79999 7
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM CUSTOMER;
CID CNAME CITY PINCODE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
1 ANIL HYD 500082
2 ABHI CHN 600001
3 AKHIL BNG 500001
4 RANI HYD 500072
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> /*
SQL> COPY / DUPLICATE THE TABLE BY USING CREATE
SQL> SYNTAX:
SQL> CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME
SQL> AS
SQL> SELECT STATEMENT;
SQL>
SQL> ---- WITH RECORDS
SQL> EXAMPLE :
SQL> CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_C
SQL> AS
SQL> SELECT *
SQL> FROM PRODUCT;
SQL> -- WITHOUT RECORDS
SQL> EXAMPLE :
SQL> CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_D
SQL> AS
SQL> SELECT *
SQL> FROM PRODUCT
SQL> WHERE 1=0;
SQL> */
SQL> CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_C
2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM PRODUCT;
Table created.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM CAT;
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
PRODUCT_C TABLE
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM PRODUCT_C;

---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
1 IPHONE11 39999 10
2 IPHONE12 49999 4
3 IPHONE13 59999 6
4 IPHONE14 69999 2
5 IPHONE15 79999 7
SQL> SET LINES 3000

SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM USER
3
SQL> SELECT *
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PRODUCT_C';

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SCOTT SYS_C007646 C PRODUCT_C
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL

"PRICE" IS NOT NULL

SQL> SELECT *
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PRODUCT';

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL

"PRICE" IS NOT NULL

SQL> CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_D

2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM PRODUCT
5 WHERE 1=0;
Table created.
SQL> SET PAGES 100

SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
PRODUCT_D TABLE
13 rows selected.
SQL> DESC PRODUCT_D;

Name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
PID
PNAME
PRICE
QUANTITY
SQL> SET LINES 100

SQL> DESC PRODUCT_D;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
PID NUMBER(3)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM PRODUCT_D;
no rows selected
SQL> --- DROP THE TABLE

SQL> DROP TABLE PRODUCT_D;
Table dropped.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
BIN$9CFUpiKwSgixwVco37xJ8g==$0 TABLE
13 rows selected.
SQL> SHOW RECYCLEBIN;

ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
PRODUCT_D BIN$9CFUpiKwSgixwVco37xJ8g==$0 TABLE 2024-06-19:15:36:16
SQL> -- RESTORING THE TABLE
SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE PRODUCT_D TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO P;
Flashback complete.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
P TABLE
13 rows selected.
SQL> DROP TABLE P;
Table dropped.
SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP;
Flashback complete.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
P TABLE
13 rows selected.
SQL> DROP TABLE P;
Table dropped.
SQL> CREATE TABLE P

2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM PRODUCT
5 WHERE 1=9;
Table created.

---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
P BIN$waT7bDNcROirJ6/zil+UVg==$0 TABLE 2024-06-19:15:41:41
SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP;
FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38312: original name is used by an existing object
SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO P2;
Flashback complete.
SQL> DROP TABLE P;

Table dropped.

---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
P BIN$iR2uVRqCTXaGqMy5KCmOeQ==$0 TABLE 2024-06-19:15:45:09
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
P2 TABLE
BIN$iR2uVRqCTXaGqMy5KCmOeQ==$0 TABLE
14 rows selected.
SQL> PURGE TABLE P;
Table purged.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
P2 TABLE
13 rows selected.
SQL> DROP TABLE P2 PURGE;
Table dropped.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM TAB;
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
STUDENT TABLE
EMPLL TABLE
E TABLE
DUM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORDERS TABLE
PRODUCT_C TABLE
12 rows selected.
SQL> -- TRUNCATE
SQL> -- USED REMOVE / DELETE ALL ROWS/ RECORDS PERMANENTLY FROM TABLE
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM PRODUCT_C;

---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
1 IPHONE11 39999 10
2 IPHONE12 49999 4
3 IPHONE13 59999 6
4 IPHONE14 69999 2
5 IPHONE15 79999 7
SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE PRODUCT_C;
Table truncated.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM PRODUCT_C;
no rows selected
SQL> DESC PRODUCT_C;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
PID NUMBER(3)
SQL> ---RENAME : USED TO CHANGE OF NAME OF EXISTING OBJECT

SQL> -- RENAME TABLE_NAME TO NEW_TABLE_NAME
SQL> RENAME PRODUCT_C TO P;
Table renamed.
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 MODIFY PRICE CHAR(5) NULL;
Table altered.
SQL> DESC P;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
PID NUMBER(3)
PRICE CHAR(5)
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 MODIFY PRICE NOT NULL;
Table altered.
SQL> DESC P;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
PID NUMBER(3)
PRICE NOT NULL CHAR(5)
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 MODIFY PRICE NUMBER;
Table altered.
SQL> DESC P;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
PID NUMBER(3)
SQL> ALTER TABLE P\

2 \
3
SQL> \
SP2-0042: unknown command "\" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> ALTER TABLE P
2 MODIFY PRICE UNIQUE;
Table altered.
SQL> SET LINES 3000

SQL> SELECT *
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'P';

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SCOTT SYS_C007646 C P
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL
"PRICE" IS NOT NULL
SCOTT SYS_C007656 U P
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 DROP UNIQUE(PRICE);
Table altered.
SQL> SELECT *

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL
"PRICE" IS NOT NULL
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 DROP CONSTRAINT SYS_C007655 ;
Table altered.
SQL> SELECT *

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
"PNAME" IS NOT NULL
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 MODIFY PNAME NULL;
Table altered.
SQL> SELECT *

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 ADD PRIMARY KEY(PID);
Table altered.
SQL> SELECT *

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SCOTT SYS_C007657 P P
SQL> ALTER TABLE P

2 DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Table altered.
SQL> SELECT *

SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -
------------------------------ -----
SQL>
COLUMN OWNER FORMAT A30

COLUMN CONSTRAINT_NAME FORMAT A30
COLUMN TABLE_NAME FORMAT A20
COLUMN SEARCH_CONDITION FORMAT A100
COLUMN R_OWNER FORMAT A30
COLUMN R_CONSTRAINT_NAME FORMAT A30
SELECT * FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS WHERE TABLE_NAME='PRODUCT';

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SQL> -- creating product

SQL> desc product;

SQL> ---to know about constraints

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SCOTT SYS_C007634 C PRODUCT

SCOTT SYS_C007635 C PRODUCT

SCOTT SYS_C007020 R DUM

SCOTT PK_EMP P EMP

SCOTT SYS_C007019 U EMPLL

SCOTT SYS_C007636 P PRODUCT

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SCOTT SYS_C007634 C PRODUCT

SCOTT SYS_C007635 C PRODUCT

SCOTT SYS_C007636 P PRODUCT

SQL> --- CREATING CUSTOMER TABLE

SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER ( CID NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,

SQL> SET LINES 100

SQL> -- ORDERS TABLE

1 CREATE TABLE ORDERS ( PRIMARY KEY(ORID) ,

SQL> SET LINES 3000

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SCOTT SYS_C007642 C ORDERS

SCOTT SYS_C007643 P ORDERS

SCOTT SYS_C007644 R ORDERS

PID PNAME PRICE QUANTITY

CID CNAME CITY PINCODE

PID PNAME PRICE QUANTITY

SQL> SET LINES 3000

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SCOTT SYS_C007647 C PRODUCT_C

SCOTT SYS_C007648 C PRODUCT_C

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SCOTT SYS_C007634 C PRODUCT

SCOTT SYS_C007635 C PRODUCT

SQL> CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_D

SQL> SET PAGES 100

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> DESC PRODUCT_D;

SQL> SET LINES 100

SQL> --- DROP THE TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> SHOW RECYCLEBIN;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> DROP TABLE P;

SQL> CREATE TABLE P

SQL> SHOW RECYCLEBIN;

SQL> FLASHBACK TABLE P TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO P2;

SQL> DROP TABLE P;

SQL> SHOW RECYCLEBIN;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> PURGE TABLE P;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

SQL> DROP TABLE P2 PURGE;

PID PNAME PRICE QUANTITY

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE PRODUCT_C;

SQL> DESC PRODUCT_C;

SQL> ---RENAME : USED TO CHANGE OF NAME OF EXISTING OBJECT