Answ

New horizon scholars school
CBSE Affiliation No.1130470

Kavesar, Ghodbunder Road, Thane (W)-400615
Grade : XII : ANSWER KEY : Mathematics (041)
Name : ______________________________________________________ Date: ____________
Div : _________
Ch 1: Relations and functions

1
4
5 (c)
7 (a)
8 Let A be a set.
Then, Identity relation IA=IA is reflexive, since (a, a) ∈ A ∀a
The converse of it need not be necessarily true.
Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3}

Here,
Relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2) , (3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 3)} is reflexive on A.
However, R is not an identity relation.
9 (i) Given R1 on Q0 defined by (a, b) ∈ R1 ⇔ a = 1/b.

Reflexivity:
Let a be an arbitrary element of R1.

Then, a ∈ R1
⇒ a ≠1/a for all a ∈ Q0
So, R1 is not reflexive.
Symmetry:
Let (a, b) ∈ R1
Then, (a, b) ∈ R1
Therefore we can write ‘a’ as a =1/b
⇒ b = 1/a
⇒ (b, a) ∈ R1
So, R1 is symmetric.
Transitivity:
Here, (a, b) ∈R1 and (b, c) ∈R2

⇒ a = 1/b and b = 1/c
⇒ a = 1/ (1/c) = c
⇒ a ≠ 1/c
⇒ (a, c) ∉ R1
So, R1 is not transitive.
(ii) Given R2 on Z defined by (a, b) ∈ R2 ⇔ |a – b| ≤ 5

Now we have check whether R2 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Reflexivity:
Then, a ∈ R2
On applying the given condition we get,
⇒ | a−a | = 0 ≤ 5
So, R1 is reflexive.
Symmetry:
Let (a, b) ∈ R2
⇒ |a−b| ≤ 5 [Since, |a−b| = |b−a|]
⇒ |b−a| ≤ 5
⇒ (b, a) ∈ R2
So, R2 is symmetric.
Transitivity:
Let (1, 3) ∈ R2 and (3, 7) ∈R2
⇒|1−3|≤5 and |3−7|≤5
But |1−7| ≰5
⇒ (1, 7) ∉ R2
(iii) Given R3 on R defined by (a, b) ∈ R3 ⇔ a2 – 4ab + 3b2 = 0.
Now we have check whether R2 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Reflexivity:
Then, a ∈ R3
⇒ a2 − 4a × a+ 3a2= 0
So, R3 is reflexive
Symmetry:
Let (a, b) ∈ R3
⇒ a2−4ab+3b2=0
But b2−4ba+3a2≠0 for all a, b ∈ R
So, R3 is not symmetric.
Transitivity:
Let (1, 2) ∈ R3 and (2, 3) ∈ R3
⇒ 1 − 8 + 6 = 0 and 4 – 24 + 27 = 0
But 1 – 12 + 9 ≠ 0
10 First let R be a relation on A

It is given that set A of ordered pair of integers defined by (x, y) R (u, v) if xv = y u
Now we have to check whether the given relation is equivalence or not.
To prove equivalence relation it is necessary that the given relation should be reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
Reflexivity:
Let (a, b) be an arbitrary element of the set A.
Then, (a, b) ∈ A
⇒ab=ba
⇒ (a, b) R (a, b)
Thus, R is reflexive on A.
Symmetry:
Let (x, y) and (u, v) ∈A such that (x, y) R (u, v). Then,
xv=yu
⇒vx=uy
⇒uy=vx
⇒ (u, v) R (x, y)
So, R is symmetric on A.
Transitivity:
Let (x, y), (u, v) and (p, q) ∈R such that (x, y) R (u, v) and (u, v) R (p, q)
⇒ x v = y u and u q = v p
Multiplying the corresponding sides, we get
xv×uq=yu×vp
⇒xq=yp
⇒ (x, y) R (p, q)
So, R is transitive on A.
Therefore R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation on A.
11 a
12 c
13 d
14 c
15
16
17 1.
Given f: Q − {3} → Q, defined by f (x) = (2x +3)/(x-3)
Now we have to check for the given function is injection, surjection and bijection condition.
Injection test:
Let x and y be any two elements in the domain (Q − {3}), such that f(x) = f(y).
f(x) = f(y)
(2x + 3)/(x – 3) = (2y + 3)/(y – 3)
(2x + 3) (y − 3) = (2y + 3) (x − 3)
2xy − 6x + 3y − 9 = 2xy − 6y + 3x − 9
9x = 9y
x=y
So, f is an injection.
Surjection test:
Let y be any element in the co-domain (Q − {3}), such that f(x) = y for some element x in Q (domain).
f(x) = y
(2x + 3)/(x – 3) = y
2x + 3 = x y − 3y
2x – x y = −3y − 3
x (2−y) = −3 (y + 1)
x = -3(y + 1)/(2 – y) which is not defined at y = 2.
So, f is not a surjection and f is not a bijection.
2.
Given f: R → R, defined by f(x) = sin2x + cos2x
Injection condition:
f(x) = sin2x + cos2x
We know that sin2x + cos2x = 1
So, f(x) = 1 for every x in R.
So, for all elements in the domain, the image is 1.
So, f is not an injection.
Surjection condition:
Range of f = {1}
Co-domain of f = R
Both are not same.

So, f is not a surjection and f is not a bijection.
3.
Given f: R → R, defined by f(x) = 5x3 + 4
Injection test:
Let x and y be any two elements in the domain (R), such that f(x) = f(y).
f(x) = f(y)
5x3 + 4 = 5y3 + 4
5x3= 5y3
x3 = y3
x=y
So, f is an injection.
Surjection test:
Let y be any element in the co-domain (R), such that f(x) = y for some element x in R (domain).
f(x) = y
5x3+ 4 = y
x3 = (y – 4)/5 ∈ R
So, f is a surjection and f is a bijection.
18
19
20
21 Given f: R → R be defined by f(x) = x3 −3

Injectivity of f:
Let x and y be two elements in domain (R),

Such that, x3 − 3 = y3 − 3
⇒ x3 = y3
⇒x=y
So, f is one-one.
Surjectivity of f:
Let y be in the co-domain (R)

Such that f(x) = y
⇒ x3 – 3 = y
⇒ x3 = y + 3
⇒ x = ∛(y+3) in R
⇒ f is onto.
So, f is a bijection

Answ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Answ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Answ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

New horizon scholars school

CBSE Affiliation No.1130470

Ch 1: Relations and functions

Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3}

However, R is not an identity relation.

9 (i) Given R1 on Q0 defined by (a, b) ∈ R1 ⇔ a = 1/b.

Let a be an arbitrary element of R1.

Here, (a, b) ∈R1 and (b, c) ∈R2

(ii) Given R2 on Z defined by (a, b) ∈ R2 ⇔ |a – b| ≤ 5

10 First let R be a relation on A

Both are not same.

21 Given f: R → R be defined by f(x) = x3 −3

Let x and y be two elements in domain (R),

Let y be in the co-domain (R)

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.