Assignment-2

Computer Network BCSC0008

Q1. Imagine you're a network engineer responsible for managing a company's network
infrastructure. Your company heavily relies on real-time video conferencing for
communication between remote offices. Recently, some employees have complained about
poor video quality and frequent disconnects during their conference calls.
Upon investigation, you discover that the network traffic is experiencing congestion during
peak hours, causing delays and packet loss. You realize that the current transport layer protocol
being used, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), might not be the best choice for real-time
applications like video conferencing due to its congestion control mechanisms. Can you
suggest better option with suitable justification?
Q2. Consider the following routing table at an IP router For each IP address in Group-I identify the
correct choice of the next hop from Group-II using the entries from the routing table below

List-I List-II
A. 128.96.171.92 1. Interface 0
B. 128.96.167.151 2. Interface 1
C. 128.96.163.121 3. R2
D. 128.96.165.121 4. R3
5. R4

Q3. A n Internet Service Provider (ISP) has the following chunk of CIDR-based IP
addresses available with it: 245.248.128.0/20. The ISP wants to give half of this chunk
of addresses to Organization A, and a quarter to Organization B, while retaining the
remaining with itself. Which of the following is a valid allocation of addresses to A
and B? GATE 2012

(A) 245.248.136.0/21 and 245.248.128.0/22

(B) 245.248.128.0/21 and 245.248.128.0/22
(C) 245.248.132.0/22 and 245.248.132.0/21
(D) 245.248.136.0/24 and 245.248.132.0/21
Q4. Consider three machines M, N, and P with IP addresses 100.10.5.2, 100.10.5.5, and
100.10.5.6 respectively. The subnet mask is set to 255.255.255.252 for all the three machines.
Which one of the following is true? GATE 2019
A) M, N, and P all belong to the same subnet b) Only M and N belong to the same subnet
C) Only N and P belong to the same subnet d) M, N, and P belong to three different
subnets
Q5. In the network 200.10.11.144/27, the fourth octet (in decimal) of the last IP
address of the network which can be assigned to a host is ______. GATE 2015
Q6. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. What
is the broadcast address the hosts will use on this LAN?
Q7. Your company has been using the network of 193.56.7.0 /24. You want to put each
of the 6 floors in your building on a different subnet. What is the range of the last
available subnet after doing Subnetting?
Q8. One employee came to you and he was saying that the internet was not working
on his system, but other employees could work on the internet. You went to his system
and check its IP configuration and you saw 172.29.97.127/26 was configured there.
What will be your first step to solve this problem?
Q9. Consider the subnet given in the below diagram. Here, distance vector routing algorithm is
used.
The following vectors have just come in to router C:
fromB: (3,0,6,5,3,8,3);
from D: (1,5,3,0,8,6,3);
from E: (4,3,1,1,0,4,6); and
from F: (3,8,3,6,4,0,9).
he measured delays to B, D, E and F are 2,3,1 and 6, respectively.

What is C′S new routing table?

A. (5,2,0,2,5,5,5)
B. (4,4,0,3,1,6,5)
C. (5,4,0,3,5,6,6)
D. (4,2,0,2,1,5,5)

Q10. TCP is a connection oriented protocol, Show the connection establishment process in
TCP. In the connection termination phase, suppose the FIN segment from the client-side
contains data ranging from sequence no 100 to 200, So will the ACK no from the server start
from 201 or 202?
Q11. An IP datagram of size 1000 bytes arrives at a router. The router has to forward this
packet on a link whose MTU (maximum transmission unit) is 100 bytes. Assume that the size
of the IP header is 20 bytes. The number of fragments that the IP datagram will be divided
into for transmission is.
Q12. An IP router with a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of 1500 bytes has received an
IP packet of size 4404 bytes with an IP header of length 20 bytes. The values of the relevant
fields in the header of the third IP fragment generated by the router for this packet are.
Q13. Consider the network shown below.

(a) Show the operation of Dijkstra’s (Link State) algorithm for computing the least cost path
from F (the rightmost node in the figure below) to all destinations. Also explicitly list all the
shortest path routes from F to all destinations that are the result of the algorithm’s computation.
(b) Show the distance table that would be computed by the distance vector algorithm in B.
(Note: you do not have to run the distance vector algorithm; you should be able to compute the
table by inspection.)
Q14. Assume that source S and destination D are connected through two intermediate routers
labeled R. Determine how many times each packet has to visit the network layer and the data
link layer during a transmission from S to D.

Q15. In a RSA cryptosystem a particular A uses two prime numbers p = 13 and q =17 to
generate her public and private keys. If the public key of A is 35. Then the private key of A is.
Q16. Consider a network with five nodes, N1 to N5, as shown below The network uses a
Distance Vector Routing protocol. Once the routes have stabilized, the distance vectors at
different nodes are as following.
N1:(0, 1, 7, 8, 4)
N2:(1, 0, 6, 7, 3)
N3:(7, 6, 0, 2, 6)
N4:(8, 7, 2, 0, 4)
N5:(4, 3, 6, 4, 0)
Each distance vector is the distance of the best known path at that instance to nodes, N1 to
N5, where the distance to itself is 0. Also, all links are symmetric and the cost is identical
in both directions. In each round, all nodes exchange their distance vectors with their
 respective neighbours. Then all nodes update their distance vectors. In between two
rounds, any change in cost of a link will cause the two incident nodes to change only that
entry in their distance vectors.
The cost of link N2-N3 reduces to 2 (in both directions). After the next round of
update what will be the new distance vector at node, N3?(GATE-2011)

Q17. Suppose a network with IP Address 192.16.0.0. is divided into 2 subnets, find number of hosts per
subnet. Also for the first subnet, find-
1. Subnet Address
2. First Host ID
3. Last Host ID
4. Broadcast Address
Q18. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. What
is the broadcast address the hosts will use on this LAN?
Q19. An IPv4 packet has arrived with the first 8 bits as shown: 01000010. The receiver
discards the packet. Why?
Q20. In an IPv4 packet, the value of HLEN is 1000 in binary. How many bytes of options are
being carried by this packet?
 Assignment -3
Submission Date :29 April 16, 2024

1. Suppose a TCP connection starts with a cwnd of 6 MSS and an ssthresh of 18 MSS. The connection
experiences packet loss after the 3rd RTT.
1. Calculate the cwnd after the first RTT.
2. Determine the cwnd after the second RTT.
3. Find the new ssthresh value and the cwnd after the slow start phase.
2. Consider the three-way handshaking mechanism followed during TCP connection establishment between
host P and host Q. Let X and Y be two random 32-bit starting sequence numbers chosen by P and Q
respectively. Suppose P sends a connection request message to Q with a TCP segment having SYN bit 1,
SEQ number X, and ACK bit-0. Suppose Q accepts the connection request. Show how the information is
represented in the TCP segment header that is sent by Q to P? How does TCP 3-way handshake
mechanism address the following problems?
1. Delayed arrival of SYN Packet.
2. Delayed arrival of ACK Packet
3. An IPv4 packet has arrived with the first few hexadecimal digits as shown.

0x45000028000100000102 . … How many hops can this packet travel before being dropped?
The data belong to what upper-layer protocol?

4. How the anonymous FTP is used to provides a method for the general public to access files on remote
sites? Why should there be limitations on anonymous FTP?
5. Guest Wi-Fi with 50 hosts. A medium-sized company has the IP address 172.16.0.0/16 for its main network.
They need to create multiple subnets to accommodate different departments and requirements:
1. Engineering Department with 200 hosts.
2. Finance Department with 100 hosts.
3. HR Department with 50 hosts.
4. IT Department with 25 hosts.
5. Guest Wi-Fi with 50 hosts.
6. You are a system administrator responsible for maintaining a network of computers within a research
institution. A group of researchers is having trouble connecting to an FTP server to download some
important datasets for their project. They report that they are getting a "Connection refused" error when
trying to access the server. what steps would you recommend to diagnose and troubleshoot the
"Connection refused" error in the context of FTP? Outline the process you would follow to identify and
resolve the issue.
7. In a RSA cryptosystem, a participant A uses two prime numbers p = 13 and q = 17 to generate her public
and private keys. If the public key of A is 35, then the private key of A is _______.
8. In an RSA system, the public key of a given user is e = 31, n = 3599. What is the private key of this user?
9. What is DNS? What resource records are associated with it? Explain.
10. Explain the role of HTTP methods and status codes in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Provide a
detailed description of at least three common HTTP methods used in client-server communication,
including their purposes and typical use cases.