SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

QUESTION BANK

I SEMESTER

1920103-ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Academic Year 2021 – 2022

Prepared by

Dr. H.Krishnan, Dr. M.Anbuchezhiyan, Dr. K.Thiruppathi, Mrs.D.Praveena,

Dr. S.Gandhimathi, Mrs. R. Nithya Balaji, Mrs.R.Sasireka,
Mrs. S.Sowmiya, Mrs. M.P.Ramya Rajan & Dr. S. Padmaja.

1
 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : 1920103- ENGINEERING PHYSICS
SEM / YEAR: I SEM/AY-2021-2022

UNIT I - PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Elasticity – Hooke’s law-Stress-strain diagram and its uses – Poisson’s ratio- factors affecting elastic
modulus and tensile strength – twisting couple - torsion pendulum: theory and experiment - bending of beams
- bending moment – cantilever: theory and experiment – uniform and non-uniform bending: theory and
experiment - I-shaped girders
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define elasticity. BTL 1 Remembering
2. State Hooke’s law. BTL 2 Understanding
3. Define shearing strain. BTL 1 Remembering
4. Draw stress-strain diagram for brittle and ductile material. BTL 2 Understanding
5. What do you infer from stress and strain diagram? BTL 2 Understanding
6. Define elastic limit and plastic limit. BTL 1 Remembering
7. What is meant by yield point? BTL 1 Remembering
A copper wire of 3 m length and 1 mm diameter is subjected to a
8. tension of 5 N. Calculate the elongation produced in the wire if the BTL 2 Understanding
Young’s modulus of copper is 120 GPa.
What force is required to stretch a steel wire to double its length when BTL 2 Understanding
9. its area of cross section is 1 cm2 and Young’s modulus of elasticity is
2 x 1011 N/m2.
10. State Poisson’s ratio. BTL 2 Understanding

11. List any two factors which affects the tensile strength of the material. BTL 1 Remembering
What happens to the time period, if the diameter of the suspension BTL 2 Understanding
12. wire is doubled without changing the length of a torsion pendulum?
A cylindrical wire of length 1 m and radium 5 mm is rigidly clamped
at one end. Calculate the couple required to twist the free end through
13. BTL 2 Understanding
an angle 45 ° . Rigidity modulus of the material of the wire is
200 x 109 Pa.
14. Define torque. BTL 2 Understanding
15. What is a beam? BTL 1 Remembering
16. Define Neutral axis. BTL 2 Understanding

2
 How various filaments of a beam get affected when it is loaded? BTL 1 Remembering
17.
Calculate the Young’s modulus of the material in the cantilever BTL 2 Understanding
method. The length of cantilever beam is 1m which is suspended with
18. a load of 150 gm. The depression is found to be 4 cm. The thickness of
the beam is 5 mm and breadth is 3 cm.
What is non-uniform bending and why is it said to be non-uniform? BTL 2 Understanding
19.
How can you reduce depression in an I-shaped girder? BTL 2 Understanding
20.

PART – B

Draw stress - strain diagram and discuss the behavior of a ductile

1. BT L 4 Analyzing
material under loading. (13)

2. Explain the factors which affect the elasticity of the material. (13) BT L 2 Understanding
Derive an expression for the couple per unit angular twist when a
3. BT L 1 Applying
cylinder is twisted. (13)
(i) Derive an expression for twisting couple of a cylinder. (10)
BT L 1 Analyzing
(ii) A wire of length 1 m and diameter 1 mm is clamped at one of its
4.
ends. Calculate the couple required to twist the other end by 90°.
BT L 3 Applying
Given modulus of rigidity = 298 GPa. (3)
(i) Derive an expression for the period of oscillation of a torsional
pendulum. (10)
5. BT L 3 Applying
(ii) How will you find the rigidity modulus of a wire using torsion
pendulum? (3)
How could you determine the rigidity modulus of a wire using a
6. BT L 4 Analyzing
torsion pendulum? (13)
(i) Derive an expression for the bending moment of a beam. (7) BT L 3 Applying
7. (ii) Deduce bending moment of a beam for rectangular and circular
cross sections. (6) BT L 3 Applying
Derive an expression for the depression produced at the end of a
8. BT L 2 Understanding
cantilever beam. (13)
(i) Derive with relevant theory how a cantilever can be used to
determine the Young’s modulus of the material of a bar. (10) BT L 3 Applying
(ii) The end of a given strip, cantilever depresses 10 mm under a
9.
certain load. Calculate the depression under the same load for another
cantilever of the same material, 2 times its length, 2 times in width, 3 BT L 3 Applying
times its thickness. (3)
Derive an expression for the elevation at the center of a beam which is
10. BT L 4 Analyzing
loaded at both ends. (13)
Deduce an expression for Young’s modulus of a material by uniform Applying
11. BT L 3
bending method. (13)
(i) Explain the theory and experiment to find the Young’s modulus of a
material by non-uniform bending method? (10) BT L 2 Understanding
12.
(ii) A rectangular bar of 0.02 m breadth, 0.01 m depth and 1 m length, is
supported at the ends and a load of 2 kg is applied at its middle. Calculate BT L 3
3
 the depression, if the Young's modulus of the material of the bar is Applying
2 10 𝑁𝑚 . (3)
Explain with necessary theory and experimental part to determine the
13. Young’s modulus of the material of a beam supported at its ends and BT L 3 Applying
loaded in the middle. (13)
(i) Write a short note on I-shaped girders. What are the advantages and
BT L 2 Understanding
applications of an I-shaped girder? (7)
14. (ii) A circular and a square cantilever are made of same material and
have equal area of cross section and length. Find the ratio of their
BT L 4 Analyzing
depression, for a given load. (6)

PART C

A disc suspended by a wire, which twists first in one direction and

then in the reverse direction, in the horizontal plane. How this method
1. is used to determine the: BT L 3 Applying
a) Moment of inertia of the disc. (8)
b) Rigidity modulus of the wire using moment of inertia. (7)
Cranes are necessary when a considerable area has to be served as in
steel stockyards and ship building berths. Derive an expression to find
2. Young’s modulus of the given method along with the experimental BT L 3 Applying
technique. (15)
A beam forms an arc of a circle and it gets elevated, when it is loaded.
Mention the type of the bending formed while loading. Describe an
3. experiment with necessary theory to find the Young’s modulus of the BT L 4 Analyzing
given beam. (15)

i) Centrally loaded beam will not form an arc of a circle. Justify.

Derive an expression to find the Young’s modulus of the given beam. BT L 4 Analyzing
(8)
4.
ii) Describe an experiment to find the Young’s modulus of the BTL 3 Applying
centrally loaded beam. (7)
UNIT II - LASERS AND FIBER OPTICS
Lasers: population of energy levels, Einstein’s A and B coefficients derivation – resonant cavity, optical
amplification (qualitative) – Nd-YAG laser-Semiconductor lasers: homojunction and heterojunction –
Applications.
Fiber optics: principle, numerical aperture and acceptance angle - types of optical fibers (material, refractive
index, and mode) – losses associated with optical fibers–Fiber optic communication- fiber optic sensors:
pressure and displacement- Endoscope.
PART – A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. List out the four characteristics of Laser beam. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Recall the conditions required for Laser action. BTL 1 Remembering
3. Define population inversion. BTL 1 Remembering
Discuss the difference between spontaneous emission and stimulated
4. BTL 2 Understanding
emission.
4
 Laser action occurs by the transition from an excited state (E2) to the
5. ground state (E1= 0). If the transition produces a light of wavelength BTL 2 Understanding
6930 Å, find the energy level of the excited state.
6. List the different pumping schemes for creating population inversion. BTL 1 Remembering
7. Paraphrase the term ‘active material’ in Laser? BTL 2 Understanding

8. Recite the role of optical resonator cavity in laser. BTL 1 Remembering

9. Differentiate between a homojunction and a heterojunction laser BTL 2 Understanding

Calculate the wavelength of light emission from GaAs whose band gap
10. BTL 2 Understanding
is 3 eV.
Tabulate the main sections of an optical fiber and list the function of
11. BTL 1 Remembering
each section.
12. List out the conditions to be satisfied for total internal reflection. BTL 1 Remembering
13. Define the term ‘ acceptance angle’ of an optical fiber. BTL 2 Understanding
14. Tabulate the optical fiber type based on the material. BTL 1 Remembering
15. Compare and contrast single mode and multimode fiber. BTL 2 Understanding
16. Identify the reasons for intermodal dispersion to occur. BTL 1 Remembering
A fiber optic cable has an acceptance angle of 30° and a core index of
17. BTL 2 Understanding
refraction of 1.4. Calculate the refractive index of the cladding.
A silica optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.51 and a cladding
18. refractive index of 1.48. Determine the critical angle at the core BTL 2 Understanding
cladding interface.
19. Define active and passive fiber optic sensor. BTL 1 Remembering
Identify the reason for the fastest data carrying capacity of an optical
20. BTL 2 Remembering
fiber than that of radio waves.
PART – B

Using the correct expressions, infer the relation between Einstein’s

1. BTL 3 Applying
coefficient of spontaneous and stimulated emissions. (13)
(i) Define stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission (3) BTL 1 Remembering
2. (ii) For atomic transitions, derive Einstein’s relation and hence deduce
the expressions for Einstein’s coefficient. (10) BTL 4 Analyze
(i) Outline the principle, construction and working of an Nd-YAG
BTL 4 Analyzing
laser.
3.
(10)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) List any three advantages of Nd-YAG laser. (3)
With the help of an energy diagram, illustrate the construction and
4. working of a four level solid state laser, where the Nd3+ ions act as the BTL 3 Applying
active centers. (13)
(i) Explain the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor
diode laser. BTL 4 Analyzing
5. (10)
(ii) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of semiconductor diode BTL 1 Remembering
lasers. (3)
5
 (i) With a neat sketch, explain homojunction semiconductor laser. (7)
6. (ii) Summarize on heterojunction semiconductor laser with suitable BTL 4 Analyzing
diagram. (6)
(i) Define numerical aperture with expression. (3)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Deduce an expression for numerical aperture and angle of
7.
acceptance of fiber in terms of refractive index of the core and
BTL 3 Applying
cladding. (10)
Recite on optical fiber? Give the basic principles of light guidance
8. through the optical fiber. Derive an expression for numerical aperture BTL 2 Understanding
of an optical fiber. (13)
Give a detailed classification of the optical fiber based on material,
9. BTL 4 Analyzing
mode and refractive index. (13)
(i) Discuss the following losses in optical fibers.
a) Scattering loss b) Bending loss c) Absorption loss (10) BTL 2 Understanding
10. (ii) The optical power after propagating through a fiber of 1.5 km
length is reduced to 25 % of its original value. Compute the fiber loss BTL 3 Applying
in db/km. (3)
Explain the optical fiber communication system with suitable block
11. BTL 4 Analyzing
diagram. (13)
(i) Explain the construction and working of pressure sensor.
(7) BTL 2 Understanding
12.
(ii) Sketch the displacement sensor and discuss its working. BTL 3 Applying
(6)
List the different types of fiber optic sensors? Explain the working of
13. BTL 1 Remembering
any two sensors. (13)
i) Summarize the working of fiber optic pressure sensor with neat
sketch. (6)
ii) With neat diagram, explain the construction and working of fiber
14. BTL 4 Analyzing
opticendoscope. (7)

PART C
Consider a laser source constructed with Germanium and Silicon. Is it
possible to use these materials for producing an intense,
1. monochromatic and coherent beam? If so, categorize the types of BTL 4 Analyzing
afford mentioned lasers with necessary theory, working and diagram.
(15)
With necessary description, describe the construction and working of
2. a solid state laser source used for cutting complex shapes. BTL 4 Analyzing
(15)
List out and summarize the various losses that has to be taken care
3. BTL 4 Analyzing
while using optical fiber as wave guide in communication. (15)

BTL 3 Applying
i) With necessary block diagram, illustrate how an optical fiber can be
used in communication? (8)
4.
ii) Analyze the advantages of optical fiber communication over other
conventional communication system. (7) BTL 2
Analyzing
6
 UNIT III - THERMAL PHYSICS
Transfer of heat energy – thermal conduction, convection and radiation – Newton’s law cooling (qualitative)
-heat conductions in solids – thermal conductivity - Forbe’s and Lee’s disc method: theory and experiment -
conduction through compound media (series and parallel) – thermal insulation – applications: heat
exchangers, refrigerators, ovens and solar water heaters.

PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define the three modes of heat transfer. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Distinguish between conduction and convection. BTL 2 Understanding
Give the reason for the specimen used to determine thermal
3. conductivity of a bad conductor should have a large area and small BTL 2 Understanding
thickness.
What are the basic entities responsible for thermal conduction of a
4. BTL 2 Understanding
solid?
5. Define thermal diffusivity. BTL 1 Remembering
6. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and mention its unit. BTL 1 Remembering
7. State Newton’s law of cooling. BTL 1 Remembering

8. Discuss the term ‘thermal gradient’. BTL 2 Understanding

A rod of length 50 cm is heated at one end to 98 °C, while the other end
is kept at the room temperature. The area of cross section of rod is
9. BTL 1 Remembering
0.67 cm2. The thermal conductivity of the rod is 81 Wm-1K-1. Calculate
the amount of heat conducted through the rod in 3 ½ minutes.
How are heat conduction and electrical conduction analogous to each
10. BTL1 Remembering
other?
Is it possible for two objects to be in thermal equilibrium if they are not
11. BTL1 Understanding
in contact with each other? Explain.
Mention the principle involved in Lee’s disc method to determine the
12. BTL 2 Understanding
thermal conductivity of bad conductors.
13. Recite on the classification of thermal insulating material. BTL 1 Remembering
14. List two important properties of thermal insulating materials. BTL 2 Understanding

15. The roof building is often painted white during summer. Why? BTL 2 Understanding
-4 2
A slab with area of 73 x 10 m through which 16 J of heat is flowing
through the both faces in 15 seconds and a temperature difference of
16. BTL 2 Understanding
27 K is maintained. Calculate the thickness of the slab where its
thermal conductivity is 0.01 Wm-1K-1.
17. Write the principle of heat exchangers. BTL 1 Remembering

7
18. Give the principle of solar water heater. BTL 1 Remembering
19. State the principle of refrigeration. BTL 1 Remembering
20. Define oven. BTL 1 Remembering

PART – B

(i) Describe conduction, convection and radiation processes. (10) BTL 4

Analyzing
-4 2
(ii) A rod of 0.25 m long and 0.892 × 10 m area of cross section is
1.
heated at one end through 120 °C while the other end is kept at 50 °C.
The quantity of heat which will flow in 15 minutes along the rod is
8.811× 103 J. Calculate thermal conductivity of the rod. (3) BTL 3 Applying

(i) Outline various modes of heat transmission with examples. (10) BTL 3 Applying

2.
(ii) Mention the applications and limitations of Newton’s Law of
Cooling. (3)
BTL 4 Analyzing

How will you determine the thermal conductivity of a poor conductor Applying
3. BTL 3
using Lee’s disc method? Give the necessary theory. (13)
With a neat diagram, demonstrate a method to determine the thermal
4. BTL 4 Analyzing
conductivity of a bad conductor. (13)
Describe Forbe’s method to determine thermal conductivity of metals BTL 3
5. Applying
with relevant theory and experiment. (13)
Summarize a method of determining thermal conductivity of good
6. BTL 4 Analyzing
conductors. (13)
Give an expression for the quantity of heat flow through a metal slab
7. whose faces are kept at two different temperatures. Using this, BTL 4 Analyzing
determine the thermal conductivity of a bad conductor. (13)
Derive the expression for effective thermal conductivity through
8. BTL 3 Applying
compound media in series and parallel. (13)
Brief about the following
9. i) Thermal insulation to walls, ceilings and floors. (7) BTL 3 Applying
ii) Thermal insulation to doors and windows. (6)
10. With neat diagram, discuss the types of heat exchangers. (13) BTL 4 Analyzing
How are heat exchangers helpful in refrigerators and solar water
11. heater? BTL 4 Analyzing
(13)
Describe the working of a refrigerator. Give few applications of
12. BTL 3 Applying
refrigerators. (13)
Describe the type of oven which is used for sterilization of medical
13. BTL 4 Analyzing
instruments. (13)
Describe the principle, construction and working of solar water heater.
14. BTL 3 Applying
Mention two advantages and disadvantages of it. (13)

8
 PART C
(i) Write in detail how transfer of heat taking place from one point to
other point. Give your idea why heat is not transferred in vacuum BTL 3 Applying
through conduction and convection? Why it is transferred through only
1.
radiation? (8)
(ii) How will you effectively design the house, auditorium and other BTL 4 Analyzing
structural components based on the concepts of thermal insulation? (7)
Explain the principle of heat exchangers. Describe the working of any
2. BTL 4 Analyzing
one application of heat exchangers. (15)

What are the types of ovens? Describe the working of any type of oven
3. with its applications. Specify the safety precautions during handling of BTL 3 Applying
the ovens. (15)

Consider the boilers made up of different layers of conducting

4. materials. How the heat conduction takes place in such an arrangement Analyzing
BTL 4
when they are connected in series and parallel? (15)

UNIT IV - QUANTUM PHYSICS

Black body radiation – Planck’s theory (derivation)- deduction of Wien’s and Rayleigh jeans law –
Compton effect: theory and experimental verification – wave particle duality – electron diffraction –
concept of wave function and its physical significance – Schrödinger’s wave equation – time independent
and time dependent
equations –particle in a one-dimensional - three dimensional potential box– tunnelling (qualitative) -
scanning tunnelling microscope.
PART – A
Q. No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define black body radiation. BTL 1 Remembering

2. Give any two characteristics of black body radiation spectrum. BTL 1 Remembering
3. Define Wien’s displacement law. BTL 1 Remembering
4. State Rayleigh - Jeans law. BTL 1 Remembering

5. State Compton effect. BTL 1 Remembering

Write the expression for Compton shift. Why it is not observable in
6. BTL 2 Understanding
the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum?
Find the change in wavelength of an X-ray photon, when it is scattered
7. BTL 3 Applying
through an angle of 135° by free electron.
8. What are matter waves? BTL 1 Remembering
Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength() of the earth, taking the mass of
9. the earth to be 6 x 1024 kg and the orbital velocity of the earth is 3 x 104 BTL 2 Understanding
m/s.
9
10. List any two characteristics of matter waves. BTL 1 Remembering

11. Differentiate between Ψ and  Ψ 2. BTL 2 Understanding

12. List any two applications of Schrodinger wave equation. BTL 1 Remembering
Calculate the lowest energy that a neutron can possess while it is
13. BTL 3 Applying
confined inside the nucleus of an atom.
Calculate the voltage applied to an electron microscope to produce
14. BTL 3 Applying
electrons of wavelength 0.5 Å.
The ground state energy cannot be zero for a free particle moving
15. BTL 2 Understanding
within a one- d i m e n s i o n a l potential box. Justify.

16. Give the condition for normalization of wave function. BTL 2 Understanding

17. Define Eigen values and Eigen function. BTL 2 Understanding

Calculate the minimum energy of the particle moving in one-dimension
18. BTL 2 Understanding
in an infinitely high potential box of width 1 Å.
19. Write the principle of scanning tunneling microscope. BTL 1 Remembering

20. Mention any two applications of quantum tunneling. BTL 1 Remembering

PART – B

(i) Write any three postulates of Planck’s quantum theory of radiation.

(3)
1. (ii) Using Planck quantum theory, derive an expression for the BTL 4 Analyzing
average energy emitted by a black body and arrives at Planck’s
radiation law in terms of frequency. (10)
Deduce an equation for Planck’s quantum theory of black body
2. radiation. (13) BTL 4 Analyzing

Using the conservation laws, derive an expression for Compton shift

3. and show that it is independent of the wavelength of incident photon. Applying
BTL 3
(13)
(i) Derive an expression for the change in wavelength of an X-ray
4. photon when it collides with an electron. (10) Applying
(ii) Describe the experimental part of Compton effect. (3) BTL 3

(i) Discuss about the de-Broglie hypothesis and determine an

expression for wavelength of matter waves. (7)
5. (ii) Illustrate, how the matter waves are experimentally verified using BTL4 Analyzing
G.P Thomson experiment. (6)
Derive an expression for de-Broglie wavelength of matter waves in
terms of
6. BTL 3 Applying
(i) Energy (6)
(ii) Voltage. (7)
(i) Derive an expression for de-Broglie wavelength. (7) BTL 3 Applying
7. (ii) Outline the physical significance of wave function. (6) BTL 4 Analyzing

10
 Starting with classical wave equation associated with a moving
8. particles, formulate the time independent wave equation. (13) BTL4 Analyzing
Obtain time dependent Schrodinger’s wave equation for a free particle
9. BTL4 Analyzing
of mass m and energy E. (13)
Deduce the following:
10. (i) Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation (7) BTL4 Analyzing
ii) Schrodinger’s time dependent wave equation. (6)
Solve time independent Schrodinger’s wave equation for a particle
trapped in a potential well and obtain Eigen functions and energy Eigen
11. BTL 3 Applying
values for the particle. (13)

Deduce an expression for the wave function and energy of the particle
confined in a one-dimensional potential box using Schrodinger’s wave BTL 3
12. Applying
equation. (13)
(i) With a neat sketch, explain the working of Scanning Tunneling
Microscope. (10)
13.
(ii) Categorize the advantages and disadvantages of Scanning BTL4 Analyzing
Tunneling Microscope. (3)
Outline the construction, working and applications of Scanning
14. Tunneling Microscope. (13) BTL4 Analyzing

PART - C
1. (i) With the concepts of quantum theory of black body radiation derive
an expression for energy distribution. (8) BTL4 Analyzing
(ii) Deduce Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh – Jeans law from
the quantum theory of black body radiation. (7)

2. Apply the Schrodinger wave equation for energy levels enclosed in a

one-dimensional potential box of infinite height to obtain Eigen values BTL 3 Applying
and the corresponding Eigen function. (15)
3. Give the formulation of time independent Schrodinger equation for a
free particle. Conceptualize mathematically the interpretation of
BTL4 Analyzing
position, probability density and normalization of wave function.
(15)
Explain the microscopic technique which use quantum tunneling
4. principle to scan the samples with a focused electron beam. (15)
BTL4 Analyzing

UNIT V - CRYSTAL PHYSICS

Single crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous materials – single crystals: unit cell, crystal systems,
Bravais lattices, directions and planes in a crystal, Miller indices – inter-planar distances- coordination
number and packing factor for SC, BCC, FCC, HCP and diamond structure (qualitative) - crystal
imperfections: point defects, line defects – Burger vectors, stacking faults – growth of single crystals:
solution and melt growth techniques - Importance of crystal physics.
PART - A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

11
1. What are single crystalline materials? Give an example. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Distinguish between crystalline and non-crystalline materials. BTL 2 Understanding
3. Contrast primitive and non-primitive cell? BTL 2 Understanding
4. Define: unit cell. BTL 1 Remembering
5. What are Bravais lattice? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Sketch the lattice parameters for a unit cell? BTL 1 Understanding
7. Define space lattice. BTL 1 Remembering
8. Show the atomic positions in FCC and HCP crystal structures in a BTL 2 Understanding
sketch.
For a cubic system, sketch the planes with Miller Indices (101),
9. BTL 2 Understanding
(110) and (011).
A crystal plane cut at 3a, 4b and 2c distances along the
10. BTL 2 Understanding
crystallographic axes. Find the Miller Indices of the plane.
11. Distinguish between inter- planar spacing and inter atomic spacing. BTL 2 Understanding
Lead exhibits FCC structure. Each side of the unit cell is of 4.95 Å.
12. BTL 3 Applying
Calculate the radius of Lead atom.
13. How carbon atoms are arranged in diamond structure? BTL 2 Understanding
14. How do you justify that defects in crystals are not always harmful? BTL 2 Understanding
15. Define crystal imperfections. BTL 2 Understanding
16. What are Schottky defects? BTL 2 Understanding
17. Recall dislocations. BTL 2 Understanding
18. Define Burger’s vector. BTL 1 Remembering
19. List out the different types of crystal growth techniques. BTL 1 Remembering
20. Summarize the advantages of solution growth techniques. BTL 2 Understanding

PART – B
Describe the seven systems of crystals with suitable diagrams and give
1. the relation of lengths of axes and the relation between the axes of a BTL 4 Analyzing
unit cell in each type. (13)
Show that FCC is the most closely packed of the three cubic structures
2. BTL 3 Applying
by working out the packing factor. (13)
Calculate the Atomic Packing Factor (APF) for SC, BCC and FCC
3. BTL 3 Applying
structures. (13)
(i) Describe BCC structure. Derive expression for the number of atoms, Understanding
co-ordination number, atomic radius and packing factor. (10) BTL 2
4. (ii) The density of copper is 8980 kg/m3 and unit cell dimension is
3.61 Å, atomic weight of Cu is 63.54. Determine the crystal structure
and calculate the atomic radius (3) Applying
BTL 3
Identify the crystal structure of tungsten and chromium. Derive the
5. details about number of atoms, co- ordination number, atomic radius BTL 4 Analyzing
and packing factor for the above crystals. (13)

12
 Explain HCP structure. Show that for an HCP structure c/a = √8 /√3
6. BTL 3 Applying
and hence calculate packing fraction for HCP structure. (13)
Show that atomic packing factor for FCC and HCP are same. (10)
7. BTL 3 Applying
Prove that for a simple cubic system d100: d110: d111 = √6:√3:√2. (3)
(i) Deduce an expression for the inter-planar spacing for (h k l) planes Applying
of a cubic structure. (10) BTL 3
8.
(ii) Determine lattice constant for FCC Lead crystal of radius 1.746 Å. Applying
BTL 3
Also find the spacing of (2 2 0). (3)
(i) Outline diamond cubic structure and give the details of its number
of atoms per unit cell, atomic radius, co-ordination number and atomic BTL 4 Analyzing
9. packing factor. (7)
(ii) List the steps to find the miller indices of a plane with a suitable BTL 2 Understanding
example. (6)
Classify and explain the various types of crystal defects with neat
10. BTL 4 Analyzing
diagram. (13)
11. Analyze about point defects and line defects with neat diagram. (13) BTL 4 Analyzing
(i) Write a note on point imperfections in crystals. (7)
12. (ii) Illustrate one of the melt growth methods to grow single crystal of BTL 4 Analyzing
semiconducting materials. (6)
Outline the various solution growth techniques along with its merits
13. BTL 4 Analyzing
and demerits. (13)
Demonstrate about the following crystal growth techniques.
14. (i) Czochralski’s method (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Bridgmann technique (6)
PART-C
The lattice constant for a unit cell of NaCl is “a”. The Miller indices
are (h k l). Make up a relation between the lattice constant and Miller
1. BTL3 Applying
indices.
(15)
A zinc unit cell has a stacking sequence of AB AB AB. Deduce the
2. BTL 3 Applying
c/a ratio and packing factor of zinc. (15)
Illustrate about the following with suitable diagrams.
3. (i) Point defects (8) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Line defects (7)
With a neat diagram categorize and explain about the various melt
4. growth techniques to grow the technologically important crystals. BTL 4 Analyzing
(15)

13