LAW

ENFORCEMENT ADMINSTRATION
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION

Police Organization and Administration Inter C. Justice of thePeace

Agency Approach D. Watch andward

1. This term was interpreted as an authoritative arm for JusticeofthePeace-Threeorfourmenwhowerelearned in

those in power. It was used by the Roman to modify the the law of the land were given authority to pursue,
Greek root word forpolice. arrest, chastise and imprisonment violators oflaw.
A. Polis Watch and Ward - the constables at night and in
B. Politia daytime at the capital of England, the Westminister.
C. Policia
D. Politeia 5. The first fulltime organized police in United Stateswas
POLIS - Greek word which means “city-state” or a system formed in…
of organized civil enforcement A. Boston
POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the B. Philadelphia
city. C. New YorkCity
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the D. LosAngeles
English language.
Boston – the oldest police department in the US and the
2. This is a system of policing that emerged during the first were night watch was established
Anglo-Saxon period. Under this system, all male residents New York Police Department - recognized as the first
were required to guard the town to preserve peace and modern style police department in the US.
protect the lives and properties of thepeople. - the largest police force in the world and was
A. Hue andCry modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London
B. RoyalJudge
C. Frankpledgesystem 6. Thetermthatisusedtocallthegroupofmenorganized
D. Tunpolicing byHenryFieldingandnamedbyhisbrotherJohnFielding,
Hue and Cry – police villager who apprehended a criminal tasked to catch thieveswas…
by an act of the complainant to shout to call all male A. Royalguards
residents to assemble and arrest the suspect. B. Praetorian guards
RoyalJudge–nosuchword,onlytravellingjudgeorcircuit C. ScotlandYard
judgewhoweretaskedtotravelthroughandhearcriminal D. Bow StreetRunners
cases
Frankpledge system - group of ten neighboring male Praetorian guards - a special force of guards used by
residentsovertwelveyearsofagewererequiredtoguard Roman Emperors as the Emperors' personal guards.
thetown Scotland Yard - the headquarters of the Metropolitan
Police Service
3. The policing system during the Norman period which is Bow Street Runners – a group of men organized to
claimed as the forerunner of the word sheriff, whereby arrest offenders and the name was adopted from the
England is divided into fifty (50) military districts, each name of the street where the office of Henry Fielding
headed by a ruler in order to enhance policingwas… was located.
A. MagnaCarta
B. TunPolicing 7. In ancient England, these individuals were required
C. Shire ReeveSystem by King Richard to keep the King’s Peace under the
D. FrankpledgeSystem proclamation entitled Keepers of thePeace.
A. Knights
Magna Carta - also known as the Great Charter B. Constables
promulgatedbyKingJohnofEnglanduponthedemandof C. Watchman
theKnightsoftheRoundTableforcingtheKingtosignthe D. Justice of thePeace
saidlaw.
Shire Reeve System - system during the Norman Period
when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military
areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve.
4. What is the proclamation issued by King Richard of
England sometime in 1195 that required the
appointment of knights to keep the Kings peace by
standing as guards
onbridgesandgateandcheckingthepeopleenteringand
leaving the cities andtowns.
A. Keepers of thepeace
B. Peace officer

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 Knights - standing as guards on bridges and gates while A. RA4864
checking the people entering and leaving the cities and B. RA8551
towns. C. RA6975
Constables - Guards appointed and have the duties at D. PD765
night PD 765 - otherwise known as the Integration Act of
Watchman – those to be on duty from sunset to sunrise 1975 RA4864-
established King Charles II of England createdthePoliceCommissionlaterrenamedby the
President asNapolcom
8. He is the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine
Constabulary in1917. 14. The national headquarters of thePNPis .
A. Brig.Gen RafaelCrame A. CampDangwa
B. Col.LambertoJavalera B. CampCrame
C. Col. AntonioTorres C. CampAguinaldo
D. GeneralNazareno D. FortBonifacio
15. What law was amended by RA8551?
9. Inthehistoryofourpoliceforce,whowasthefirstChief of the A. RA7659
PhilippineConstabulary? B. RA6425
A. Capt. Nicolas Piatt
C. RA6975
B. Gen. RafaelCrame
D. RA9165
C. Col.LambertoJavallera
16. Date of effectivity of the PNP Reform and
D. Capt. Henry T.Allen ReorganizationAct.
A. 1992
Capt. Henry Allen - the first chief of the Philippine C. 1994
Constabulary in 1901 B. 1996
Capt George Curry - the first chief of police of the Manila D. 1998
Police Department in 1901. 17. Which of the following is also referred to as the
BgenRafaelCrame-thefirstFilipinochiefofthePhilippine Metropolitan Police Service inEngland?
Constabulary on December 17,1917 a. Ministry ofPolice
Col Antonio Torres - the first Filipino chief of police of the b. National PoliceForce
Manila Police Department in 1935 c. TheBobbies
Col Lamberto Javalera - the first chief of police of the
d. ScotlandYard
Manila Police Department after the Philippine
18. Thetheoryofpoliceservicewhichmaintainsthatpolice
Independence from the United States of America in 1946
are servants of higher authorities refers to…
P/DirGenCesarNazareno-thefirstchiefofthePhilippine
A. modernconcept
NationalPolice
B. home ruletheory
10. The Chief Magistrate at Bow Street in Londonthat C. continentaltheory
organized the Bow Street Runners is… D. oldconcept
A. King Richard ofLondon 19. Police Services in this concept are that they are just
suppressive machinery. The statement is referring to…
B. HenryFielding
A. OldConcept
C. King Charles ofLondon
B. ContinentalTheory
D. AugustVollmer
C. Home RuleTheory
D. ModernConcept
11. Among the following, he is known as the father of
Home Rule Theory - policemen are regarded as servants
Modern PolicingSystem.
of the community
A. King HenryIII
Continental Theory - policemen are regarded as state or
B. Sir RobertPeel servants of the higher authorities.
C. WilliamNorman Old Concept - police competence is the increasing number
D. JohnWestminster of arrests
Modern Concept - police efficiency is measured by the
August Vollmer - recognized as the Father of Modern Law decreasing number of crimes.
Enforcement
Sir Robert Peel - recognized as the father of modern 20. This represents the formal relationship among
policing system supervisors and subordinates in any given organization.
King John of England – promulgate the Magna Carta law This can be visualized as a ladder, with each rank
Henry fielding – organized the Bow Street Runners representing a higher or lower level of authority and is
King Charles II of England – established watchmen or depicted in a pyramidalstructure.
bellmen A. scalar chainprinciple
King Richard of England – appointed knights to be the B. ranking
keeper of the peace C. authority levelprinciple
Norman William - the conqueror and dictator who invaded
D. hierarchy ofauthority
England
21. Theorganizationstructureiseffectiveifitisstructured to
12. Otherwise known as the PC-INPLaw.
aid the accomplishment of the organization
A. RA4864
objectiveswith the minimum cost. What is referred
B. PD765 tothis?
C. RA8551 A. Principle ofBalance
D. RA6975 B. Principle of Unity ofObjective
13. Which of the following is known as the Police Act of C. Principle of absoluteness ofResponsibility
1966 and created the office of theNAPOLCOM? D. Principle of OrganizationalEfficiency
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 22. To determine a supervisor’s span of control, what has
to be taken intoconsideration? 31. Which of the following pertains to Unity ofCommand
A. number of supervisors who gives himorder A. represents the formal relationship among supervisors
B. number of supervisors whom hereports and subordinates in any givenorganization.
C. the functions for which he assumes full responsibilityD. B. Police service gives the impression of being merely a
number of subordinates who directly reports to suppressivemachinery
him C. theory of police service which maintains that police
are servants of higherauthorities
23. The PNP Chief is the only person allowed to give
D. only one officer is in direct command or
commandtotheentirepoliceorganizationinadherenceto the
supervision of eachofficer
principleof…
A. Span ofControl
32. According to this principle of organization, all the
B. Chain ofCommand
functions in a concern should be completely and clearly
C. Unity ofCommand defined to the managers andsubordinates.
D. Delegation ofAuthority A. Principle ofspecialization
B. Principle of functionaldefinition
24. The Span of Control of a Supervisor over personnelor
C. Chain ofCommand
units shall not mean more than what he can effectively
D. Principles of ScalarChain
direct and coordinate. This meansthat…
A. levels of authority shall be kept to aminimum
33. Under this principle, the assignment of particular
B. Subordinates be controlled by severalsupervisors
personnel to particular tasks which are highly technical
C. Supervisor’s responsibility should be re- requires special skills andtraining.
delegated a. Scalarchain
D. Units shall be clustered into severalgroups b. Unity ofcommand
c. Commandresponsibility
25. What management principle provide that only one d. Specialization
officerisindirectcommandorsupervisionofeachofficer?
A. Span ofcontrol C. Unity of
34. Under this principle, it’s should dictate that
command
immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
B. Chainofcommand D. Line ofAuthority
effective supervision and control of their personnel
andunit.
26. Under this principle, each group reports to an
a. Unity ofcommand
individual who is part of a supervisory group thatanswers
to a higher supervisor and so on until a group of
b. Commandresponsibility
administrators report to the chiefexecutive. c. Span ofcontrol
A. unity ofcommand d. Principle ofspecialization

B. scalar principle 35. The group of trained personnel in the field of public
C. span ofcontrol
safetyadministrationengagedintheachievementofgoals
D. aggregationprinciple
andobjective.
a. Policeadministration
27. Patrolman Carlos and Patrolman Angeles report only b. Policemanagement
to one supervisor. This is theprincipleof . c. Policeresponsibility
A. Delegation ofAuthority
d. Policeorganization
B. Unity of Command
C. Span ofControl 36. He was recognized as the Father of Modern Law
D. Chain ofcommand Enforcement for his contributions in the development of
the field of criminal justice in theUS.
28. Underthisprinciplethechiefexecutivedirectlycontrol two A. Sir Robert Peel
to ten subordinates, who then control two to ten b. GeorgeCurry
subordinates each and so on until the bottom of the c. HowardTaft
organization isreached.
d. AugustVollmer
A. scalarprinciple
B. unity ofcommand
William Howard Taft - he was the first head of the
C. exceptionprinciple
Philippine Commission
D. span ofcontrol
37. Thelargestorganicunitwithinalargedepartmentis
29. Means the controlling the direction and flow of a…
decisions through unity of command from top to bottom A. unit
oforganization. B. division
A. audit
C. Bureau
B. Monitoring
D. Section
C. coordination
D. authority 38. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force
of Manila was organized by the United States Philippine
30. The more complex the organization, the more highly Commission pursuant to Act No 70. Who was it first
specializedthedivisionofwork,thegreatertheneedfor…A. governorgeneral?
Clearer delineation offunctions. a. Sir RobertPeel
B. Coordinatingauthority
b. GeorgeCurry
C. Strict linediscipline
D. Finer division ofsupervision
c. HowardTaft
d. StaffAuthority
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 39. Which of the following is a SuperiorOfficer? 4. The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director
A. Personnel of the Police department who have oath and administers and manages material resources needed for
who possess the power toarrest. the PNPoperations.
B. One having supervisory responsibilities, either 5. The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director
temporarily or permanently, over officers of lower plans and programs strategic PNP operations. He also
rank represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international
C. An officer who is in command of the department, a affairs on peace andorder.
bureau, a division, an area or adistrict. 6. The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The
D. An officer who has the more senior rank/ higher in a director administers and manages the fiscal financial
team orgroup. resources.
7. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations
40. The nature of which the police officer is freefrom (DPCR). The director formulates and implements
specific routine duty is called… community –related activities, programs and projects.
A. offduty C. specialduty He alsosupervisesthePNPSalaamPoliceCentertoundertake
B. onduty D. leave ofabsence close monitoring, networking and liaisoning activities
with the Muslim communities in addressing terrorism
41. Which of the following is an operational support unit and
of thePNP? lawlessviolenceintheirrespectiveareastoguaranteethat the
A. Information TechnologyManagement Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or singled-
B. CrimeLaboratory out.
8. The Directorate for Investigation and Detective
C. TrainingService
Management (DIDM). The director coordinates. Controls
D. Headquarters SupportService
and supervises all investigationactivities.
9. The Directorate for Human Resource and
Doctrine Development (DHRDD). The director formulates
THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
policies on matters pertaining to human resources and
In order to accomplish the mission, powers and functions
doctrinedevelopment.
of the PNP, its structure was provided for as follows:
10. The Directorate for Research and Development
(DRD).Thedirectorengagesinresearchanddevelopment
ThePNPCommandGroupisheadedbytheChiefPNPwho is
and does testing and evaluation of self-reliantprojects.
vested with the power to command and direct the PNP.
11. The Directorate for Information and
He is also assisted by two Deputies assigned to the
Communications Technology Management (DICTM). The
administration of the PNP and one for operationsside.
director integrates and standardizes all the PNP
a. The Chief of the Directorial Staff serves as the
information systems and resources to further improve
Chief Operations Officer of the PNP. He coordinates,
the frontlineservices.
supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff and the PNP
12. Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police
units in the performance of their respectivefunctions.
Operations (DIPOs). The Directors of the clustered areas
b. TheInternalAffairsService(IAS)isheadedbyan
for Integrated Police Operations, namely: Eastern
Inspector General who assists the Chief PNP in ensuring
Mindanao, Western Mindanao, Visayas, Southern and
operational readiness and investigates infractions of the
Northern Luzon are given the responsibility to direct and
regulations committed by the members of thePNP.
to supervise the conduct of integrated anti-criminality,
c. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is
internal security, counter- terrorism operations, to
headedbyaseniorpolicecommissionedofficerwhoserves as a
promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the
manager of the facility that will supervise the
Philippines, and to provide a system to promote regional
implementation of the guidelines and policies on human
socio-economicdevelopment.
rightslaws.
There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. Eleven
d. The Center for Police Strategy
(11) of which are administrative while twelve (12) are
Management(CPSM) serves as the Central facility of the
operational in nature.
PNP in coordinating and integrating all strategy The eleven Administrative Units are as follows:
management processes, sustaining its strategy execution
1. Logistics Support Service(LSS).
and management,andinstillingintheorganizationacultureof
2. Information Technology Management Service
strategyfocus.
(ITMS).
e. The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 3. Finance Service(FS).
directorates. Every Director in each unit has also his
4. Health Service(HS)
defined function in line with his specialization asfollows: 5. Communications and Electronics Service(CES).
6. Chaplain Service (CHS).
1. The Directorate for Personnel and Records
7. Legal Service(LS).
Management (DPRM). The director optimizes the
8. Headquarters Support Service(HSS).
utilization of personnel resources both from the PNP-
9. Engineering Service(ES).
uniformed and non- uniformedpersonnel.
10. Training Service (TS).And
2. TheDirectorateforIntelligence(DI).Thedirector
11. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration
manages the gathering/collating of intelligence objectives
Service(PRBS).
through effective management of all intelligence and
counter-intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves
42. The following are the three broad goals of the police
as the linkage of all foreigners with official transactions organization,EXCEPT:
with the chiefPNP. A. To protect lives andproperties
3. TheDirectorateforOperations(DO).Thedirector B. To insure publicsafety
exercises the command, the control, the direction, the C. To maintain peace andorder
coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP
operations such as deployment and employment of
D. To arrest suspectedcriminal
personnel.

4
 43. Whichofthefollowingisnotanadministrativesupport unit? primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical
A. Special ActionForce nature.
B. Civil SecurityGroup 11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This
C. Police Security and ProtectionOffice Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP
D. All ofthem inaddressing
kidnappingmenaceinthecountryandinhandlinghostage
The twelve (12) operational support units and their situations.And
respective functions are as follows: 12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This
1. Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible Group is responsible for the implementation of pertinent
to perform all police functions over Philippine Territorial lawsoncybercrimesandanti-cybercrimecampaignsofthe
waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include PNP.
ports and harbors and small islands for the security and For the main PNP operating units, there are seventeen
the sustainability development of the maritime (17) Police Regional Offices nationwide which
environment. correspond to the regional subdivisions of the country.
2. Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves asthe Directly under the Police Regional Offices are seventeen
intelligence and counter-intelligence operating unit of the (17) Regional Public Safety Battalions (RPSB), eighty
PNP. (80) Police Provincial Offices which correspond to the
3. PoliceSecurityandProtectionGroup(PSPG).This number of
group provides security to government vital installations, Provincesinthecountryandtwenty(20)CityPoliceOffices
government officials, visiting dignitaries and private (CPOs) in highly urbanized and independent cities, which
individuals authorized to be givenprotection. are equivalent to a Provincial PoliceOffice.
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG). This group monitors, investigates, prosecutes all 44. An association or group of individuals with
crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of acommon goal orobjective.
suchmagnitudeandextentastoindicatetheircommission by A. Policeorganization
highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and B. Law enforcementgroup
organizations. It also conducts organized- crime –control, C. Non-governmentorganization
all major cases involving violations of the revised penal D. Organization
Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such
as Anti-hijacking, Anti-Carnapping and Cybercrimes 45. It is considered as consultative innature.
among others and atrocities committed by Communist A. Line
Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People’s Army B. Staff
(NPA)/National Democratic Front(NDF). C. Function
5. SpecialActionForce(SAF).Thisgroupisamobile D. Auxiliary
strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional,
provincial, municipal and city police force for civil 46. What is the kind of organizational structure which is
disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage- the simplest kind. It is also known as military
taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of organizationalstructure?
naturalcalamities,disastersandnationalemergenciesand A. Organizationalstructure
other special police operations such as ant-hijacking,anti- B. Line
terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a special C. functional
note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the supervision of D. Line andstaff
SAF.
6. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). Thisgroup PrimaryOrLineFunctions–itcarryoutthemajorpurposes of
provides security to all airports throughout thecountry. the organization, delivering the services and dealing
7. HighwayPatrolGroup(HPG).Thisgroupenforces the directly with thepublic.
traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the Staff/Administrative Functions - are designed to support
highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through thelinefunctionsandassistintheperformanceoftheline
inter- agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety functions.
Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law Auxiliary Functions - it involves logistical operations of
enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime the organization.
prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness
examples are communication, maintenance, records
committed along National Highway involving the use of
management, supplies and equipment management
motorvehicles.
8. Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This
47. The mobile strike force or reaction unit to augment
group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community
regional, provincial, municipal or city police forces for
Relations program and activities in partnership with
civil disturbance control, counter-insurgency, hostage
concerned government agencies, the community, and
taking rescue operations, and other specialoperations.
volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and
a. CIDG
attain a safe and peacefulenvironment.
b. PSPG
9. Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates
c. ASG
business operations and activities of all organized private
detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and d. SAF
companyguardforces.Italsosupervisesthelicensingand
registration of firearms andexplosives. 48. The directorate who is the “make-up artist” and
10. Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides “deodorant” of the PNPiscalled .
scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to A. Personnel RecordsMgt.
the PNP and other investigative agencies. It also provides B. ResearchDevelopment
crimelaboratoryexamination,evaluationandidentification C. Police CommunityRelation
of physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with D. Human Resource & DoctrineDevt.

5
 49. The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the territorial integrity of thePhilippines.
State shall establish and maintain one police for which C. Administration of police welfare andbenefits.
shall. D. Formulation of a national crime preventionprogram.
A. national inscope 57. The NAPOLCOM is composed of a Chairman and
B. civilian inscope how many regularcommissioners?
C. national incharacter A. 4commissioners C. 6commissioners
D. military incharacter B. 5commissioners D. 7commissioners

50. The Constitution and RA No. 8551 substantially 58. Which of the following is not a commissionedofficer?
provides that the PNP shall be national in scope. This is A. PoliceLieutenant
illustrated by the following. Which is notincluded? B. PoliceCorporal
A. All disciplinary actions shall be heard and C. PoliceColonel
decided by the NationalGovernment. D. Police BrigadierGeneral
B. PNP personnel are employees of the national
government 59. What is the rank of the Chief of the DirectorialStaff?
C. Policies and plans as to police employment from A. PoliceDirector
selection to termination shall be laid down by thenational B. Deputy DirectorGeneral
government. C. Police ChiefSuperintendent
D. Commissioned officers may be assigned in any part of D. Police SeniorSuperintendent
thePhilippines.
60. TherankofSeniorPoliceOfficer3isequivalenttowhat
51. Thetermofofficeofthefourregular(4)commissioner of PNP rank under the new rankclassification.
the NAPOLCOM is? A. PMS (Police MasterSergeant)
A. At least Sixyears B. PCMS (Police Chief MasterSergeant)
B. Six years withoutre-appointment C. PSMS (Police Senior MasterSergeant)
C. Six years withre-appointment D. PSS (Police StaffSergeant)
D. At the pleasure of thePresident
61. How many Deputies do the PNPhas?
52. Who is the Chairman ofNAPOLCOM? A. 1 C.3
A. President of thePhilippines B. 2 D.4
B. Secretary of theDILG
C. Secretary of NationalDefense 62. The equivalent rank of Police Director in the PNP
D. Chief of thePNP new rankclassificationis .
Chief of PNP – serves as ex officio member of the A. PoliceGeneral
Napolcom B. Police Brig.General
C. Police Lt.General
53. How is the vacancy in the Commission filledup? D. Police MajorGeneral
A. It shall be filled up for the unexpired term only
with the capacity for regular appointment for 63. What is considered the manning level or police to
another fullterm. population ration at the nationwidecoverage?
B. It shall be filled up for the unexpired term only without A. 1 is to500
reappointment B. 1 is to1000
C. It shall be filled up by another person with fullterm C. 1 is to1500
D. Answer notgiven. D. 1 is to100

54. Reasonsforsuspensionorwithdrawalofdeputationof 64. The Philippine National Police will recruit 1000 new
localchiefexecutivesasrepresentativeoftheNAPOLCOM. policemen on December 11, 2022 to fill up its quota.
I. repeated unauthorizedabsences Who among the following applicants is qualified toapply?
II. abuse ofauthority A. A, who was born on April 24,2002
III. habitualtardiness B. B, who was born on August 10,2001
IV. providing material support to criminals;and C. C, who was born on December 12,2001
V. engaging in acts inimical to nationalsecurity D. D, who was born on March 17,2000

A. I, II, III,V 65. Police Colonel Almond Berry, join the PNP via lateral
B. I, II, IV,III entryonMay30,1992duetodiligentservice,loyalty,and
C. I, II, V,IV professionalism the President of the Republic of the
D. I, II, III, IV,V Philippines, set to promote Almond as the Next Chief of
the Philippine National Police on November 29, 2014. In
55. The National Police Commission is attached to the relation to RA 8551 as amended, is the promotionvalid?
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) A. Yes,heisqualifiedasprovidedbyRA8551asamended
for . B. Yes, the President of the Philippines is the one who
A. AdministrativeControl promotehim
B. OperationalSupervision C. No, as per RA 8551, no officer is to be
C. Administration andcontrol promotedwithin 1 year fromretirement
D. Policy and programcoordination. D. No, he is not qualified as RA8551

56. As to the powers and functions of NAPOLCOM, the Appointment by the President to the rank of General will
following statements are true,except… only from among the senior officers down to the rank of
A. exercise administrative control over thePNP. Brigadier General.
B. Advisory to the president on matters of
6
 a. Police retirables requesting extension ofservice
66. Malou Wang was born on June 12, 1986, she finished b. Members of cultural minorities duly certified by
a Bachelor’s degree in Tourism, She opted to join thePNP the appropriate governmentagency
on June 12, 2006. Does Malou Wang meet the upgraded c. Government employees wishing to transfer toPNP.
generalqualificationinagerequirementasstipulatedinRA d. all of theabove
8551?
A. Yes, the lawprovides 75. Age waiver can be granted if theapplicantis .
B. It depends on the amount of money she will give as A. 20 to 36 yearsold
entrance fee B. 19 to 36 yearsold
C. No, as stipulated in ourlaw C. 21 to 35 yearsold
D. No, she needs a backer like a Congressman, Mayor or D. 20 to 35 yearsold
even thepresident
76. Who can grant waivers for applicants in thePNP?
67. If the annual quota for 2016 is 3000. How many of A. President
the annual quota is allocated forwomen? B. Chief,PNP
A.10% B.600 C. Sec. ofDILG
C.300 D.2000 D. NAPOLCOM

68. The Philippine National Police will recruit 500 new 77. The PNP is accepting applicants which did not meet
policemen on November 2022 to fill up its quota. Who the upgraded general qualification provided that the
among the following applicants is qualified toapply? applicants are below the minimum annual quota. If you
A. who was born on April 24,2002 are a member of a Cultural Minority, most probably you
B. who was born on August 10,2001 woulduse?
C. who was born on December 22,2001 a. Agewaiver
D. who was born on March 17,2002 b. EducationalWaiver
c. Heightwaiver
69. The following are the upgraded general qualifications d. Weightwaiver
for appointment in the Philippine NationalPolice.
A. Applicant must weigh more or less than five (5)kilos; 78. The waiver program shall be implemented inthe
B. Applicant shall not be below twenty (20) or over thirty- following order…
five (35) years ofage; A. Height, age,weight
C. Applicant must be a person of good moralcharacter
B. age, height,weight
D. Applicant must not have been dishonorably discharged
C. age, height, education,weight
from military services or civilian position in the
D. height, age,weight
government;and
E. Applicant must beeligible
79. The waiver program for initial appointment in the
A. e, c,d,b C. b, c,e
PNP will apply onlywhen:
a. The number of qualified applicants is above the
B. a, c,d,e D. c, d,e
minimum annualquota
70. Waiver of the age requirement may be granted b. The number of qualified applicants is below the
provided that the applicant shall be of what maximum minimum annualquota
age? c. Thenumberofapplicantsisbelowthemaximumannual
a.30 c.40 quota

b.35 years d. none ofthem 80. AlluniformedmembersofthePNPshallundergoafield

training program involving actual experience and
71. Mr. Jaime de Rio was born on May 1, 1975. does he assignment inas a requirement for a permanency of
meettheagerequirementforentrytothepoliceservicein theirappointment.
June2006? a. PCR, traffic,patrol
b. Administrative, Intelligence,Investigation
a. no,hehasexceedtheminimumagerequirement
b. yes, he is only 27 years old and is within the age c. Traffic, investigation,Patrol
requirement. d. Traffic, intelligence,patrol
c. no, but he can apply for agewaiver.
d. yes, he meet the maximum educationalrequirement 81. What is the duration of probationary period, in which
a PNP personnel may be dropped from the service for
72. Mr.JuandelasAlaswasborninJune1,1975.Doeshe unsatisfactory conduct orperformance.
meettheagerequirementforentrytothepoliceservicein A. 1 year C. 2years
June1999? B. 6months D. 18months
A. No but he can apply for age waiver.
82. Father Dave Lugtu is a Doctor of Philosophy; he
b. yes, he is only 24 years old and is within the age
decided to join Philippine National Police. What would be
requirement.
his initial rank uponentry?
c. yes, he meets the maximum educationalrequirement
A. PoliceCaptain C. Police
d. no, he has exceed the minimum agerequirement.
Major
B. PoliceLieutenant D.NONE
73. What is the duration of the PNP Field Training
Program?
A. 10months C. 12months
B. 18months D. 24months
74. Who may be automatically granted height waiver, as
provided under section 15 of Republic Act No.8551?
7
 83. Underourexistingpolicy,howmanydaysaregivento B. Special talents in the field of music andarts
theMayortochoosetheChiefofPolicefromreceiptofthe C. outstanding academicrecords
referral? D. Extensive experience or training in forensicscience
A. Within15days C. within 5days E. Recognized social standing in thecommunity
B. within 3days F. All of theabove
D. within 10 days
84. The institution of criminal action or complaint against 95. Police Senior Master Sergeant Berto Mabagsik, joined
a police officer shall be. the Philippine National Police on July 5, 2002.
A. Aground fordismissal Nevertheless,hewantstopursuehiscareerasembalmer, he
B. Not qualified forpromotion decided to file an optional retirement so that he could
C. AutomaticallyDismiss enjoy benefits of the gratifying PNP which he served with
D. Not a bar topromotion extreme commitment and loyalty. When does Berto can
retire?
85. Which of the following is not a commissionedofficer? A. June 5,2022
a. PoliceLt. B. July 5,2058
b. AssistantChief C. July 5,2021
c. PoliceColonel D. August 10,2023
d. Police BrigadierGeneral
96. Pedrong Torero joined the PNP in 2009. he was 28
86. SPO1 Gina Cole will be promoted to the next rank. years old then. What year can Pedrong Torero retire it
Under the new law, which is her newrank? he wants to avail the mandatoryretirement?
a. PMS (Police MasterSergeant) A.2027 C.2037
b. PCMS (Police Chief MasterSergeant) B.2039 D.2029
c. PSMS ( Police Senior MasterSergeant)
d. PEMS(Police Executive MasterSergeant) 97. Benefits derived by a PNP officer qualified for early
retirement.
87. No officer who has retired or is retirable within from A. tworankshigher C. his presentrank
his compulsory retirement age be appointed as chief of B. onerankhigher D. one-yeargratuity
thePNP.
A. Threemonths C. Sixmonths 98. Who among the following is not a regular member of
B. Oneyear D. Twoyears thePLEB?
a. Barangay Chairman
88. The purpose of promotion in the PNP is_. B. Lawyer
A. recognition ofgoodwork C. gives higherpay C. member of the sangguniangpanlungsod/bayan
B. gives officershighmorale D. all ofthem d. A woman

89. Generally, PNP promotions are subject to the 99. This is a promotion granted to police officers
confirmation ofthe: meeting the mandatory requirements forpromotion.
A. Civil ServiceCommission a. specialpromotion
B. NAPOLCOM b. regularpromotion
C. Commission onAppointment c. spotpromotion
D. President of thePhil. d. mandatorypromotion

90. When can the President extend the tenure of service 100. The number of years required for a police officer to
of the Chief,PNP? holdacertainrankbeforehecanbepromotedtothenext
A. after4years C. during martiallaw higherrank.
B. there isnosuccessor D. national a. rankposition b. positiontitle
emergencies b. time-ingrade d. all of the
above
91. How long will be the extension of tenure of the Chief,
PNP ifextended? 101. A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved
A. not more than1 year C. more than 1year forjustcauseandhasnotbeengivenanassignment
B. not less than2years D. noneofthem after such relief shall be retiredor
separated.
92.PoliceBrig.Gen.RomanRapidowasdesignatedbythe Chief, a. withinoneyear c. within twoyears
PNP as head of the Police Regional Office ofRegion b. withinthreeyears d. within fouryears
1. Thus, he will be occupying a positiontitleof .
A. Director of Region1 102. Governors and Mayors are deputized as
B. Commander of Police Region1 representatives of the NAPOLCOM in their respective
C. RegionalDirector territorialjurisdiction.However,duringtheelectionperiod,
D. RegionalChief local police forces shall be under the supervision and
control ofwhom?
93. TheDeputyChiefofthePNPhasamaximumtenure a. DILG
of… b. COMELEC
A. 4 years C. 9years c. Napolcom
B. 6years D. 10YEARS d. Notstated

94. What is an additional factor in order that an applicant 103. It is the determination in advance of how the
may be considered in the grant ofwaiver? objectives of the organization will beattained.
A. Possession of special skills inmarkmanship a. Policeplanning
8
 b. Policeorganization A. AnacletoAnastacio
c. Policemanagement B. OskarDressler
d. Police direction andcontrol C. JollyBugarin
D. JohannSchober
104. It is considered a policy plans or procedural plans of 4. What is the INTERPOL’s supreme governing body that
thePNP. meets annually and comprises delegates appointed by
a. General Plan ofAction each membercountry?
b. Special OperatingProcedures A. Assemblymeeting
c. Operational Plans(OPLAN) B. GeneralAssembly
d. Standard OperatingProcedures C. Consultativemeeting
D. Meeting deAvance
105. ThisisthePNPCIDGStrategicPlanagainstorganized
crimegroups. 5. At the INTERPOL, there is this 13-member
a. OPLAN JUMBO committeethat is elected and comprises of the president,
B. OPLAN DISIPLINA three vice- presidents and nine delegates covering the
C. OPLANSALIKOP fourregions.
D. OPLANSSANDUGO A. LegislativeCommittee
B. ExecutiveCommittee
107. Plans that concern methods of action to be C. AdministrativeCommittee
taken,generally emergency type plans examples are: D. LegalCommittee
planning for major accidents; calamities or disasters;
special events; hostage-taking situations, etc. 6. The general Secretariat of the INTERPOL is located in
a. ProceduralPlans Lyons, France, and operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a
b. ManagementPlans year and officials from more than 80 countries work-
c. TacticalPlans side bysideinanyoftheorganization’sfourofficiallanguages.
d. MasterPlans This is the home ofthe…
A. DirectorialGeneral
EXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL PLANS B. SecretGeneral
- those which require actions or assistance from C. SecretaryGeneral
persons or agencies outside of thedepartment D. Executive Officer
- involve coordination with otheragencies
- examples are: exchange of information on 7. Each INTERPOL member country maintains a
wantedpersons,knowndrugsyndicates,knownorganized staffed by national law enforcement officers. It is the
crime groups, stolen vehicles,etc designated contact point for the General Secretariat,
regional offices and other member countries requiring
PNP MASTER PLANS assistance with overseas investigations and the location
1. SANDIGAN-MILENYO – Anti-Criminality MasterPlan and apprehension offugitives.
2. SANDUGO – PNP Internal Security Operations Master A. Federal Bureau ofInvestigation
Plan B. National CentralBureaus
3. SANGBANAT – PNP’s Master Plan on Campaign against C. Central IntelligenceAgency
IllegalDrugs D. National Bureau ofInvestigation
4. SANG-INGAT – The PNP’s Master Plan onSecurity
Coverage in the 3rd Millennium 8. These are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who
5. SAKLOLO – PNP Disaster Management MasterPlan may be appointed by the executive committee and
6. SANGYAMAN – PNP’s Master Plan to help Protect and confirmedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheInterpol.Which one
Preserve our Environment, Cultural Properties andNatural of thefollowing?
Resources A. Staffpersonnel C. intelligenceofficers
B. Advisers D.informants

COMPARATIVE MODELS INPOLICING 9. A.K.A.,1-24/7.Itservesthepoliceofmembercountries of

the INTERPOL via securecommunication.
1. At the Interpol, what is the independent body whose A. Secure global police communicationservices.
mandate is threefold—to ensure that the processing of
B. Operational data services and data bases forpolice
personal information by Interpol complies with the
C. Operational police supportservices
Organization’s regulations; to advice INTERPOL on any
D. Police training anddevelopment
project, operation, set of rules or other matter involving
the processing of personal information and to process
10. At the INTERPOL, which one of these provides
requests concerning the information contained in
access to members on differentdatabases?
INTERPOL’sfile.
A. Secure global police communicationservices.
A. IntelligenceBureau
B. Internal SecurityBureau B. Operational data services and database for
police
C. Commission for Control of INTERPOL’sFiles C. Operational police supportservices
D. ASENAPOL
D. Police training anddevelopment.

2. The tenure of Interpol President is for a periodof…

11. At the INTERPOL, which of these a 24/7 operation of
A. 4 years C. 3years
command andcoordination center which provides
B. 1year D. 6years
support to law enforcement officials in thefield.
A. Secure global police communicationservices.
3. Who is considered the former Filipino President of B. Operational data services and database forpolice
INTERPOL in 1980 to1984?
C. Operational police supportservices
9
 D. Police training anddevelopment.

10
 A. RMCP C.PRCM
12. At the INTERPOL, which one of these gives B. RCMP D.RMPC
development-equipping activities for member countries in
fighting transnationalcrimes. 23. Whatterroristgroupwhichhasanideologyof
A. Secure global police communicationservices. “egalitarianism” or “equality.”
B. Operational data services and database forpolice A. MNLF C.MILF
C. Operational police supportservices B. AbuSayyaf D. EC15
D. Police training anddevelopment
24. Hezbollah literallymeans…
A. IslamicOrganization C. Party ofGod
13. INTERPOLmeans…
B. TheBase D. Swordsbearer
A. International Criminal PoliceOrganization
B. InternationalPolice
25. The word “Abu Sayyaf” literallymeans…
C. Inter-Police Organizational Network
D. International PolicingSystem
A. the SwordBearer
B. Father of LocalTerrorist
C. MuslimRevolutionary
14. In what year the idea of INTERPOL was born at the
D. For the Love ofGod
first International Criminal Police Congress, held in
Monaco?
26. In terms of operation, the Abu Sayyaf, as a network
A.1914 B.1924
group of terrorist concentrate mostly inthe…
C.1923 D.1913
A. Philippines andIndonesia
15. What year the organization became known as B. Philippine andMalaysia
INTERPOL? C. Only in thePhilippines
A.1956 B.1957 D. Uncertain/Unknown
C.1958 D.1959
27. The Abu Sayyaf group of terrorist has known to be
16. The focus of the Interpol as an organization are the organized and originated in the Philippines with
following,except… headquarters in the Mindanao area, particularly.
A. Tawi-tawi C. CotabatoCity
A. Maintain law enforcement regardless of the race or
religion. B. Jolo,Sulu D.Maguindanao
B. To protect minorities against the dominantgroups
C. to combat crimes and transnationalcrimes. 28. TheAlQaredanetworkofterroristispopularlyheaded by
after the downfall of their leader BinLaden.
D. answer notgiven.
A. BinLadenJr. C.Zabaya
B. Zawahari D. OmarKhadafi
17. ASEANAPOLmeans…
A. Asian PoliceOrganization
29. Among the following, which was tagged by
B. Association of National Police Forces of the ASEAN
theUnited States as the largest Foreign
Region.
TerroristOrganization.
C. Association of NationalPolice A. AbuSayyaf C.Taliban
D. ASEAN Chief of NationalPolice B. AlQaeda D. JemaahIslamiyah

18. The center which was created by Executive orderNo. 30. The word Jemaah Islamiyah alsomeans…
62 to establish a shared database among concerned A. IslamicLeaders
agencies for information on criminals, methodologies, B. ReligiousRevolutionaries
arrest and convictions on transnational crime.
C. IslamicCongregation
A. Philippine Center on TransnationalCrime. D. The Lamb ofGod
B. Philippine Center for OrganizeCrime
C. National Intelligence CentralAgency
31. In terms of operations, which part of Asia the
D. ASEANAPOL
Jemaah Islamiyah is mostlyactive?
A. NorthernAsia
**19. NATO is an acronym which means…
B. SoutheastAsia
A. National TreatyOrganization
C. WesternAsia
B. North Atlantic TreatyOrganization D. EasternAsia
C. National Aquatic TechnologicalOrganization
D. National Academy for Training andOrganizing 32. The word “Al Qaeda” literallymeans…
A. TheNetwork
20. One of the following is among the international B. GodServants
deployment of Philippine keeping mission inCambodia
C. The Base
A. TACUN
D. Blaze ofGlory
B. UNTAC
C. NUCTAC 33. Thetermreferringtotheholywarwagedbymembers
D. UTAC of the Islamic Religion against the Jews as…
A. AlQaeda C.Hezbollah
**21. One of these is one among the international B. Hamas D.Jihad
deployment of Philippine peace keeping mission inSyria.
A. UNTAC C.UNSMIS 34. Theuseofforceorthreatstointimidatepeopleand
B. UNDOF D.UNOC could result to a worldwide concern is an act of….
A. Demonism
22. ThePhilippinepoliceiscommonlycalledPNP,while B. OrganizedCriminality
Canada has its…
C. terrorism
11
 D. HumanDisgrace 43. In understanding cybercrimes, what is known as a
technology-based attack on one person who has been
35. Aformofcollectiveviolenceinterferingwiththepeace, targeted specially by reasons of anger, revenge, or
security,andnormalfunctioningofthecommunity.Which one control?
ofthese A. Denial-of-ServiceAttack
A. Politicalterrorism B. Cyber Stalking
B. civildisorder C. Malware or maliciouscoding
C. criminalterrorism D. Cyborg
D. criminalterrorism
44. is the use of a computer to take
36. Theactivitiesincidentaltothecommissionofcrimesof oralter data, or to gain unlawful use of
violence that ate similar in form and method to genuine computerservices.
terrorism but lacks some essential ingredient. The use of A. Computerfraud
modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist but the B. CustomsFraud
purpose is quite different. Which one ofthese? C. ConduitFraud
A. civildisorder D. Bank cardFraud.
B. quasi-terrorism
C. Limited Politicalterrorism 45. Whatkindofmoderncrimeiscommitteewhentheuse
D. organizedcriminals ofoneperson’spersonalinformationbyanothertocommit
fraud or other crimes ismade?
37. Inthestudyofterrorism,whenitischaracterizedbya A. Larceny
revolutionaryapproachsuchasactsofterrorismwhichare B. Identitytheft
committedforideologicalorpoliticalmotivesbutwhichare not C. Espionage
part of a concerted campaign control the state , it is D. Customary
called.
A. quasi-terrorism 46. In modern world study of crimes, there is a new kind
B. limited politicalterrorism of warfare where information and attacks on information
C. civildisorder and its system are used as a tool of warfare. Which of
D. official or stateterrorism these?
A. warfare of theinternet
38. Itmayalsobereferredtoasstructuralterrorism,such that B. informationwarfare
terrorist acts are carried out by governments in C. access toinformation
pursuitofpoliticalobjectives,oftenaspartoftheirforeign D. accesswarfare
policy. Which one ofthese?
A. Quasi-terrorism 47. What kind of cyber crime is committed by the act of
B. Limited politicalterrorism sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an
C. CivilDisorder establishedlegitimateenterpriseinanattempttoscamthe
D. Official or stateterrorism userintosurrenderingprivateinformationthatwillbeused for
identitytheft?
39. One is synonymous as computercrimes? A. plunders andscams
A. theE-Crimes B. fishingscams
B. CyberCrimes C. PhishingScams
C. Viruses inComputer D. Emailbonuses
D. DataTheft
48. Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to
40. In the generation and transfer of data, it may happen generatefearinthecommunity,orsubstantialsegmentof it
thatacomputerprogramcancopyitselfandinfectanother for political purposes is commonlyknownas
computer. This means that thereis… A. politicalterrorism
A. cybercrime B. Civildisorder
B. hacking C. Criminalterrorism
C. computervirus D. Narco-terrorism
D. Computerprogramming
49. The following are the steps involved in money
41. Of the following, what kind of cyber modus operandi laundering,except…
A. physical distribution of thecash.
ismadewherebyanattempttomakeacomputerresource
B. carrying out complex financial transaction in order to
unavailable to its intended users ismade?
A. computer virusinfection camouflage the illegalsource.
B. cybercrime C. acquiringwealthgeneratedfromthetransactionsofthe
C. hacking illicitfunds.
D. Denial of ServiceAttack D. Committing PlunderCase.

42. Itisamaliciouscomputersoftwarethatinterfereswith 50. Terrorism does not only aim for political purposes
normal computer functions or sends personal data about but alsocanexhibitconsciousdesigntocreateandmaintaina
the user to unauthorized parties over the internet. Tis highdegreeoffearforcoercivepurposeswithendpursuit of
refers to… collective gain. If so, what is being referredto?
A. Denial-of-ServiceAttack A. PoliticalTerrorism
B. Plain CyberCrime B. CivilDisorder
C. Malware (maliciousCode) C. Non-PoliticalTerrorism
D. Virusinfection D. Narco-Terrorism

12
 51. The social organization of criminals, having its own is the…
social classes from the hobo to the moneyed gangster or A. SecurityBureau
racketeers. B. Bureau ofImmigration
A. Mafia C. Criminal C. Bureau ofCustoms
SyndicateB.CriminalWorld D. D. Office of theChairman
OrganizedCrime 62. Which of the following is also referred to as the
52. It is a combination of two or more persons for the Metropolitan Police Service inEngland?
purpose of establishing terror or corruption in the A. Ministry ofPolice
city/communityorsectionof,eitherinafiledthatprovides a B. National PoliceForce
continuing financialprofit. C. ScotlandYard
A. CriminalWorld
D. The“bobbies”
B. Mafia
C. CriminalSyndicate
63. What is the hall surrounding the headquarters of the
D. OrganizedCrime Metropolitan Police Service in England located at New
ScotlandYard?
53. It is the stable business with violence applied and A. The SideWall
directed at unwelcomecompetitors. B. The BlackWall
A. CriminalWorld
C. The White Hall
B. Mafia
D. The HolyHall
C. CriminalSyndicate
D. OrganizedCrime 64. The PNP Chief has an equivalent designation inthe
Metropolitan Police Service in England as…
54. This is regarded as the oldest and biggest criminal A. Director
organization in theworld. B. Commissioner
A. CosaNostra
C. PoliceGeneral
B. Chines Mafia
D. Captain of the RoyalGuard
C. MedellinCartel
D. Japanese Yakuza 65. The Deputy Chief of the PNP has theequivalent
61. InHongKong,theoversightagencyforthepoliceforce
55. Thegroupofhighlyspecializedarmedm designation as in the ranking system of the
enwhoinflicts
fear and uses violence to accomplish their objectives with A. DeputyCommissioner
a usual international scope of activity refers to… B. Deputy of the RoyalGuard
A. gang C. AssistantDirector
B. syndicate D. DeputyCaptain
C. organized crimegroup
D. terroristgroup 66. In Japan, the office of which has the authority intheir
police force is the…
56. Praetorian guard was introduced by the peopleof… A. President
A. AncientEgypt B. PrimeMinister
B. AncientRome C. Kobayashi
C. AncientGreece D. Ministry ofDefense
D. Babylonians
67. In the Policing system of the Soviet Union, the office
responsibleforadministrationoftheregularpoliceforceis the
57. Whichofthefollowingisapolicingactivityundertaken by A. Ministry of InternalAffairs
military bodies in ancienttime B. PrimeMinister
A. civicguard C. Ministry ofDefense
B. praetorian D. Internal AffairsService
C. GuardiaCivil
D. Presbeterian 68. What is the lowest rank of the auxiliary force
adopted by the SovietUnion.
58. The Japan’s Police Organization is headed by a A. Constable
Commissioner General who is appointedby… B. PrivateMolotov
A. Japan’sEmperor C. Gendarmerie
B. PrimeMinister D. Komsomol
C. National Public SafetyCommission
D. Japan Commission 69. What is the counterpart police force of the Philippine
National Police inMexico?
59. Irish Police arecalled… A. Mexican NationalPolice
A. Militsiya C.Constable B. Mexico PoliceForce
B. PoliceForce D. GardaSocha C. The Federal Police ofMexico
D. The MetropolitanPolice
60. The lowest rank in Indian Police service which is
equivalent to the PNP’s Police Officer 1 isthe… 70. In New Zealand, it was obviously noted thatthe
A. Private priority of their police Force is…
B. PoliceConstable A. Enforcement of trafficlaws
C. Sergeant B. CrimePrevention
D. Gendarmerie C. Anti-Vagrancy
Metropolitan Police Service in England.
13
 D. Anti-Prostitution.
81. In the Columbian police force, the chief of police is
71. In Cambodia, military Police are also knownas… equivalentto in the PNP rankingsystem.
A. Private A. Superintendent
B. Gendarmerie B. Police DirectorGeneral
C. Policeofficer C. SeniorInspector
D. ConstablePatrol D. None ofthese

72. In Colombia, the rank equivalent of the PNP’s Police 82. In the Philippines, we have Philippine NationalPolice
Officer Iis… (PNP) while in Colombia they have…
A. Detective A. Metropolitan Police Department ofColombia
B. Constable B. Police Department ofColombia
C. Bhayangkara C. Royal Police Department ofColombia
D. Private D. None ofthese
73. The headquarters of police forces in Cambodiais 83. In New Zealand, the supervision of Police Force is
located in… under the commandof…
A. Jakarta A. Minister ofAffairs
B. PhnomPenh B. Minister ofPolice
C. Cali C. TheConstable
D. Myanmar D. Chief of thePNP

74. In general, the term use to refer to the MilitaryPolice 84. While the Philippines has the NAPOLCOM as its
is… oversightagencyforthePNP,Japanhasthe
A. Gendarmerie as oversight agency for the National PoliceAgency.
B. PoliceForce A. National Safety PublicCommission
C. Private 1stClass B. National Public SafetyCommission
D. MP C. Commission of National PoliceAgency
D. All of theforegoing
75. In Japan, what is the oversight agency of which has
authority to impose the proper administration of Police 85. As per PNP Organization structure, the provinces
Forcepersonnel? should be under the headship of a Provincial Director. In
A. National Police Agency inTokyo Japan, the head of the Metropolitan Police Department is
B. Department of Interior and LocalGovernment called…
C. NationaleFederales deJapanese A. The Chief
D. TheKempetai B. TheKempetai
C. TheCommander
76. TheJapanesePoliceOfficersareCommonlyknown D. TheDirector
as…
A. Kempetai 86. Newly admitted member of the CambodianPolice
B. Keishi commenced with the rank of…
C. Koban A. Police Officer1
D. Kakokeshei B. Detective
C. OfficerConstable
77. In the Japanese police ranking system, theequivalent D. Aide deCamp
of Superintendent of the PNP is…
A. Koshei 87. Historicalaccountsofterrorismprovidesthatthegroup
B. Keishie responsible in a bomb explosion on U.S. Airbase at
C. Koushie ne Ramstein then in West Germany was known asthe…
D. Bakerakei A. White Army C.Jihad
B. RedArmy D. BlackSociety
78. One among the following has the overall power over
the police organization of Japanese PoliceForce. 88. The highest rank in the Philippines National Police
A. LegislativeBranch ranking system is Police Director General with 4 stars,
B. PrimeMinister while in the Hong Kong Police, it isthe…
C. President A. PoliceConstable
D. PoliceCommissioner B. InspectorGeneral
C. Commissioner of thePolice
79. In Philippines, there are two categories of police D. ConstablePatrol
officersinranknamely:theCommissionedofficersandthe No-
Commissioned officers while in Malaysia thereare… 89. The National Headquarters of PNP is located at
A. 3categories C. 4categories Camp Crame, Quezon City while the Malaysian Police is
B. 2categories D. 5categories located in…
A. Malaysia NationalHeadquarters
80. In the Malaysian Police Force, the rank of Corporal is B. BukitAman
equivalentto in the PNP rankingsystem. C. KualaLumpur
A. Police Officer1 D. Jakarta
B. Police Officer2
C. Police Officer3 90. Among the following, which is considered as the
D. Inspector primordial purpose of the Royal MalaysianPolice?
14
 A. Traffic andIntelligence
B. Patrolling and CrimePrevention 100. On current trends of policing, what country’s police
C. Police Engineering andEducation modelhasthemostnotablecrimerateefficiencyasithad the
D. Personal and RecordsManagement reputation of maintaining a very low crimerate?
A. Japan
91. What is the highest rank that can be attained in the B. HongKong
Royal MalaysianPolice? C. China
A. InspectorPolice D. Singapore
B. Inspector General of thePolice
C. Police DirectorGeneral
D. MasterSergeant INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

92. What is the Community Program for the police 1. It is a state or quality of being secured,freedom
launched in Malaysia on August 9,2005. from fear or danger, assurance,certainty.
A. RakanCop a. Protection c.Security
B. ReconCop b. Management d. Notmentioned
C. RakrakOrder
D. KareCop Security is also a protection against any type of crime to
safeguard life and assets by various methods and device
93. ForpurposeofunderstandingtheMalaysianpolice, 2. Thefirstformallylicensedprivatesecurityagency
RMP stands for… which began on March 11,1933.
A. Royal MalaysianPolice a. Special WatchmanAgency
B. Royale de MalayPolizei b. Jimenez Security Agency – the name given to
C. Royal MilitaryPolice Special Watchman Agency after ayear
D. Answer notgiven c. Detectives and ProtectiveAgency
d. Security and InvestigationSupervisory
94. In The rank of PO2 in PNP is equivalent to the Rank
of 3. It is when Philippine Association of Detectives
A. Constable and Protective Agency Operations (PADPAO) formally
B. Corporal organized?
C. LanceCorporal a. October 3, 1972 - P.D. 11 waspassed
D. Captain. b. January 17, 1973 - P.D. 100 wasissued
c. August 1969 - the Philippine Constabulary
95. Many ASEAN countries has the rank of constablein activatedtheSecurityandInvestigationSupervisoryoffice
their ranking system. Constable in the PNP is… orSIASO
A. Corporal d. May 30 1958

B. Police Officer1 4. Thegovernmentagencythatissuelicensefor

C. Private
private and government security guard is…
D. Police Officer2
A. The localpolice
B. Mayor’soffice
96. In the PNP, all Non-Commissioned Officers areranked
C. Security and ExchangeCommission
from Police Officer 1 up to Senior Police Officer 4. In the
Indian police, the term “Commissioned” is also the same
D. The PNP SAGSD - Security Agencies and Guard
as… SupervisionDivision
A. HighProfile
5. Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedasprinciple
B. HighRank
ofsecurity?
C. Gazette a. Commandresponsibility
D. InspectorRank
b. Compartmentation - means need to
know
97. In the Philippine National Police, we use the word c. Division of policework
“trainees” to refer to those newly recruited members. In d. balance between security andefficiency
the Indonesian Police, police trainees arecalled… e. general principles of security remainconstant
A. Kama f. security is the concern of allpersonnel
B. Kamara
C. Kamra 6. A security measures that involve the installation
D. Karma of physical barriers, security lighting, use of vaults, locks
andothers.
98. The term Markas Baser or Mabes is also knownas… a. Activemeasures
A. Headquarters b. Passive measures – involve security education,
B. BaseNetwork programs, investigations, seminars, personnel security
C. Place ofReconnaissance check
D. Basis forpromotion c. Negative measures - notapplicable
d. Positive measures – notapplicable
99. ThePhilippineNationalPoliceisundertheDepartment of
Interior and Local Government, while the Singaporean 7. It is a system of barriers placed between the
Police isunder… potential intruder and the objects/matter to beprotected.
A. Ministry of ForeignAffairs a. Human barrier – refers to securityguard
B. Ministry ofDefense b. Personnel security – refers to security of
C. Ministry of HomeAffairs employees
D. Homeland SecurityOffice
15
 c. Physicalsecurity c. Third line ofdefense
d. Documentsecurity d. Fourth line ofdefense

8. An indication of impending danger orharm. 15. What is the requirement if a window is below
18 feet from theground?
a. Threat
a. It must be alwaysclose
b. Hazard - A chance of being injured orharmed
b. It must be installed bygrill
c. Vulnerability-inabilitytowithstandtheeffectsof a
c. It must be provided with apadlock
hostileenvironment
d. Notmentioned
d. Risk - probability of an event to happen that will
lead toloss
16. It is the structural constructions made by man
like fences, walls, floors, roofs, grill or other physical
9. An act or condition which results in a situation
means to deter or impedepenetration.
conducive to a breach of the protection system and the
a. Man madebarrier
subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to personnel,
b. Animalbarrier
property orfacilities.
c. Energy barrier - the employment of mechanical,
a. Securityhazard electrical, electronicenergy
b. Man made hazards - caused by human action, d. Humanbarrier
accidental or intentional like sabotage andtheft
c. Natural hazard - caused by natural phenomena 17. It is constructed in such a way that visuals
like flood, lighting, storms and volcaniceruptions access is permitted through thefence.
d. Notmentioned a. Solid fence - Constructed in such a way that
visual access through the fence isdenied
10. The extent of degree of risk to security will be b. Chain link fence – refers to chickenwire
defendant on the following, which arethey? c. Full viewfence
a. relative criticality ofoperations
d. Barbed wire fence - a type of fencing wire
b. relativevulnerability constructed with sharp edges orpoints
c. notmentioned
d. Both A andB 18. Chain link fence should be constructed in a
minimumheightof feet excluding topguard.
11. It can be defined as any structure or physical a. 3feet c. 5 feet
device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal b. 7feet d. 9feet
access to aninstallation.
a. Barrier 19. This is the most cheapestfence.
b. Perimeter barrier – refers to fence which defines a. Concertinawire c. Full viewfence
the physical limits of an installation or area to restrict or b. Chainlink fence d. Barbed
impede accessthereto wire fence
c. Natural barrier - include mountains, rivers, seas,
desserts or terrain difficult totraverse 20. It is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is
d. Human barrier – refers to securityguards formed in large coils which can be expanded like a
concertina.
12. Generally, what is the use or purposes ofputting a. Concertinawire
up abarrier? b. Dannertwire
a. Outline the perimeter of the area to besecured; c. Answer notmentioned
b. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to d. Both A and B – dannert is also known as
unauthorizedentry; concertina
c. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of
intruders; 21. Barbed wire fencing should not be lessthan
d. Assist in more efficient and economical feet high, excluding the topguard.
employment ofguards; a. 3feet
e. Facilitates and impose the control of pedestrian b. 7feet
and vehiculartraffic c. 5feet
f. A, C D, andE d. 9feet
g. All of theabove
22. An addition overhang or barbed wire place on
13. Which of the following are considered or can be vertical perimeter fences facing upward and outward
found at the second line ofdefense? with a 45 degree angle with three to four strands of
a. Guards at the gate – first line ofdefense barbed wires space six inchesapart.
b. Doors, floors, walls androofs a. Towers – use for observation during day and
c. Windows night with artificialillumination
d. Cabinet, locks, safes and vaults – third line of b. Entry stations - provided at main perimeter
defense entrances to secure areas located out of the doors, and
e. B andC manned by guards on a full timebasis
f. A andB c. Clear zone - unobstructed area or open space
g. C andD to observeclearly
d. Topguards
14. Perimeter fence or barriers are considered as
what?
23. Clearzonearetheunobstructedareamaintainon
a. First line of defense – just like gates and
both sides of the perimeter barrier. If it is installed inside
guards
within the protected area, what should be itsize?
b. Second line ofdefense

16
 a. 20 feet – if installedoutside a. Mercury vaporlamps
b. 40 feet b. Incandescentlamp
c. 30 feet c. c. Quartslamp
d. 50feet d. Sodium vapor lamp

24. In large open areas or ground, where fencing or 32. Produced diffused light rather than direction
walling is impracticable and expensive, warning signs beam. They are widely used in parkingareas.
should be conspicuously placed. It is knownas……… a. Floodlights-projectlightinaconcentratedbeam.
a. Security lighting - provides sufficient illumination Best used in boundaries, building or fences
to areas during hours ofdarkness b. Search lights - Highly focused incandescent
b. Protection indepth lamps
c. Signandnotices-erectedwherenecessaryinthe c. Fresnel lights - Wide beam unit, primarily to
management of unauthorized ingress and preclude extend theillumination
accidentalentry d. Streetlights
d. Answer notmentioned
33. It is also known as reflectorized orspotlight.
25. Whichofthefollowingisnotapurposeofsecurity a. Floodlights c. Bluegreen
lighting?
a. It improves visibility so that intruders can be b. Searchlights d. Streetlights
seen, identified andapprehend
b. It gives psychological fear, which serves as a 34. It is a natural or visual signal given by the
deterrent to thieves, pilferers, trespassers, andsabotage annunciator to the security when intruder actuate
c. It reduce the number of stationary guards, and certain devices in a protectedarea.
instead, may require only roving patrols atnight. a. Protectivealarms
d. Answer notgiven b. Firealarm-visualsignalproducedbyadeviceor
system to warn the occupants of thebuilding
26. It is similar to continuous lighting but can be c. Alarm system – refers to setting ofbell
turnedonmanuallyorbyspecialdeviceorotherautomatic d. Answer notgiven
means, when there is a suspicion ofentry.
a. Stationary luminary - most common type 35. It is an alarm systems were the communication
consisting of fixed series ofluminaries channel conveys the information from all sensors in the
b. Emergency lighting - stand by lighting which can system to the signal by means of wire, radiowaves.
be utilized in the event of electricalfailure a. Sensors device - can sense abnormalcondition
c. Stand bylighting b. Circuitline
d. Answer notgiven c. Enunciatordevice
d. Transmissionline
27. It is a type of security lighting most commonly e. A andC
used on entry gates of employees andvehicles. f. B and D – circuit & transmission are the
a. Stationaryluminary same
b. Emergencylighting
c. Stand bylighting 36. This is a visual or audible signaling device. The
d. Answer notgiven actualalarmmaybeaudibleorsilent,abell,buzzer,phone
ringing, or flashing oflight.
28. A type of stationary luminary if the intensity a. Annunciatordevice
isfocused to the intruder while the observer or the guard b. Transmissionline
remain in comparativedarkness. c. A and D – they are the samewords

a. Glare protectiontype
d. Enunciatordevice
b. Controlledlighting-lightingisfocusedoncertain
e. Sensorsdevice
objects than thebackground
f. B andE
c. Stand bylighting

37. Itisasysteminwhichthealarmsignalisrelayed to
29. The use of these in protective lighting is limited
remote panel located at the facilities of private owned
since it requires a period of two to five minutes to
protection Service Company manned by itspersonnel.
lightwhen they are cold and even longer period to light,
a. Proprietary system - located inside the
when hot, after powerinterruption.
subscribers installation who owns or bases thesystem
a. Incandescentlamp-commonlightbulbsthatare
found in everyhome b. Central stationsystem
c. Auxillary system - a direct extension of the local
b. Gaseous dischargelamp
enforcement agency and/or fire department by special
c. Quartslamp-alampthatemitsverybrightwhite light
arrangements
use along the perimeterbarrier
d. Answers notgiven d. Local alarm system - a siren or bell is sounded
with no predictable response. This system is used in
30. Mercury vapor lampsgivea color light residence or smallestablishment
e. Dial alarmsystem
due to the presence of mercuryvapor.
a. Blue
38. A system when the alarm is activated, the
b. Green
number selected might be the police station orothers.
c. Bluegreen
d. Yellow – comes from sodium vaporlamps
31. It is an efficient bulb and due to its color, this
light lamp are used in areas where insectpredominate.
17
 When the phone is answered, a recording voice will state b. Photoelectric or electric eye device - It is
that an intrusion is in progress. connected by a wire to control station and when an
a. Proprietarysystem intrudercrossesthebeam,hebreaksthecontactwiththe
b. Central stationsystem photoelectric coil which activates thealarm
c. Auxillarysystem c. Audio detectiondevice
d. Local alarmsystem d. Vibration detection device - devices mounted
on barriers and are used primarily to detect an attack on
e. Dial alarmsystem the structureitself.

39. This is a fire alarm device or a hollow device 46. Often located under the counter, the button
made of metal that makes a ringingsound. can bepressedintimesofdistress(Suchasrobbery,disruptive
a. Smoke detector - device placed at the ceilings of or threatening behavior, or a situation which may
the floor that detectssmoke warrant assistance), triggering a silentalarm.
b. Stand pipes - plastic pipes located inside the a. Panicbutton
building from the lowest to the top floor with water under b. Magnetic door contact - is a protective device
pressure for use in case offire usually placed in the door, and window that can send
c. Firebell notification when the opening and closureoccurs
d. Automatic sprinkler - works by the increase of c. Motion sensor - an infrared emitting object is
room temperature and which automatically operates the present
system to put out thefire d. CCTV (Closed Circuit TelevisionSystems)

40. It is a mechanical device strategically located in 47. IPcameraworkbyturningimagesandaudiointo

an installation or in a street where a fire hose will be datathentransmittingthisdataoveranetworkorInternet
connectedsothatthewaterwillbeavailabletoextinguish afire. connection. What IP standsfor?
a. Firehydrant a. InternetProgram
b. Fire extinguisher – a portable fire-fighting b. InternetProtocol
equipment c. InternalProgram
c. Both A andB d. InternalProtocol
d. Notmentioned
48. It is a system that allows the transmission of
41. What class of fire if it involves energized images captured by a digital video recorder (DVR) to the
electrical equipment (live electrical wires, electrical end destination computers and these components
appliances? together make up a video securitysystem.
a. ClassA-involvingordinarycombustiblematerials a. CCTV
such as wood, cloth, andpaper b. BankAlarm
b. Class B - involving flammable and combustible c. Internetprotocol
liquidsandgases,suchassolvents,greases,gasoline,and d. Answer notmention
lubricatingoil
c. ClassC 49. A type of bank alarm that permits alarm
d. Class D – involves metals like magnesium, activation in relatively safety, while both hands remain
potassium, powdered aluminum andzinc clear in view of therobbers.
a. Foot rail activator - alarm by placing the front
42. Fire involving ordinary combustible materials of their foot to foot rail to activate thealarm
such as wood, cloth, and paper, requires an extinguishing b. Knee or thigh buttons - installed inside the
agent which cools. What chemical can be used to teller station so that they can be activated byknee
extinguish thefire? c. Footbutton
a. Water d. Double squeeze button - It requires pressure
b. Foam – for ClassB on both side of the device on knee andfoot
c. Carbon dioxide – for ClassC
d. Notmentioned 50. It is defined as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic
orelectronicdevicedesignedtoprevententrytoabuilding
43. Ifyouneedtouseafireextinguisher,remember the orroom.
word PASS in order to operate it. PASS stands for what? a. Lock
a. Pull, allow, sort andsqueeze b. Padlock - a portable and detachablelock
b. Protect, aim, squeeze andsweep c. Keylock - key is the device used to open thelock
c. Pull, aim, squeeze andsweep d. Answer notgiven
d. Protect, aim, sort andsqueeze
51. It is a kind of lock commonly designed for
44. Fireextinguishershouldbeaimlow.Whatpartof automobile industry and general use in car doortoday.
thefireextinguishershouldbeaimatthebaseofthefire? a. Wardedlock-lockthatusesasetofobstructions, or
a. Pin wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the
b. Handle correct key isinserted
b. Pin tumbler lock - uses pins of varying lengths
c. Nozzle
to prevent the lock from opening without the correctkey
d. Latch – other term forpin
c. Levertumblelock-usedinsafedepositbox,also
used in desk, lockers andcabinets
45. Itisasupersensitivemicrophonespeakersensorthat
is installed in the walls, ceilings, and floors of the d. Disc tumblerlock
protectedarea.
a. Metallicfoilorwire-detectanyactionthatmoves or
break the foil orwire
18
 52. Itisatypeoflockthatcanbeopenedbyinserting a. Protective clearance – notapplicable
acodedcardinaslotinthelock,orbypushingthecorrect button b. Interim clearance – probationaryclearance
on the surface of thelock. c. Final clearance – longest clearance issued after
a. Key operated lock - arrangement of internal being passed from probationperiod
physical barriers which prevent the lock from operating d. Securityclearance
unless they are properlyaligned
b. Combination lock - combination code ofnumbers 60. The effectivity of final clearance is good for
c. Card operatedlock five years, what about the effectivity of
d. Electronic lock - lock that can be closed and interimclearance?
opened remotely by electronicmeans a. 6months c. oneyear
b. 2years d. 3years
53. A machine that can be used for identification of
humans by their characteristics ortraits. 61. Acubicleinabuildingconstructedtolittlelighter
a. Biometrics than a vault but bigger size. It can accommodate limited
b. Keycontrol-definedasthemanagementofkeys people to work on the recordsinside.
inaplantorbusinessorganizationtopreventunauthorized a. Safe-metalliccontainerusedforthesafekeeping of
individual access to thekeys documents or small items in anoffice
c. Motion sensor - an infrared emitting object is b. Vault - heavily constructed fire and burglar
present resistance container usually part of the building
d. Notmentioned structurec. Fileroom

54. It is a special key capable of opening a series of 62. Walls, ceilings and floor of a vault should be 12
locks. It is capable of opening less number of locks than inchesthick,whataboutitsdoormadeofsteel,howmany
grand masterkey. inches it mustbe?
a. Change key - a key to a singlelock a. 4inches c. 5inches
b. Sub-master key - a key that can open all locks b. 6inches d.
within a particular area orgrouping 7 inches
c. Masterkey
d. Grand master key - a key that can open 63. Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association,
everything in a system involving two or more master key partnership may organize or maintain security agency,
groups. how many percent of which is owned and controlled by
Filipinocitizen?
a. 70percent c. 90percent
55. A term used in England for lock picker, b. 80percent d. 100percent
safecrackers,andpenetratorsofrestrictedareasorrooms.
a. Falsekey c. Donkey 64. They are natural person who offers or renders
b. Peterman d.Englishman personal service to watch or guard residential or
business premises or both, government and/or their
56. It is issued by security to personnel to be premises for hire andcompensation.
admitted in the installation. The purpose is to ensure that a. Security agency-
onlypersonswhohavetherightandauthoritywillbegiven the b. Privatedetectives
necessary access to thearea. c. Securityguards
a. Pass system d. Policeforce
b. Badgesystem
c. Both A and B – pass & badge are thesame 65. The PNPSOSIA – Philippine National Police
d. None ofthem Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency is
under what office of thePNP?
57. It is the authorization to enter specific areas a. Civil SecurityGroup
issued to an employees who keeps it in the possession b. Police Security and ProtectionGroup
until his authorization is change or untilterminates. c. Aviation SecurityGroup
a. Single passsystem d. Police Community RelationsGroup
b. Pass exchange system - Exchange of the one
color coded pass at the entrance to the controlled areas 66. Thebasicrequirementofanoperatorormanager of
which is issued to anemployee security agency must nenotless years ofage.
c. Multiple pass system - multiple copies of passes a. 21 c.25
are issued to anindividual b. 30 d.45
d. None ofthem
67. Theagerequirementforanysecurityguardor
58. Itreferstoanareainwhichpersonnelorvehicles are watchman must be…..
controlled for reasons ofsecurity. a. At least 21 but not more than 50 yearsold
a. Restrictedarea b. At least 18 but not more than 65 yearsold
b. Limitedarea-lesserdegreeofcontrolisrequired but c. At least 21 but not more than 65 yearsold
security interest would becompromised d. At least 18 but not more than 50 yearsold
c. Exclusion area - contains security interest to Top
Secret importance and requires the highest degree of 68. What is the requirement in order that a person
protection may become a securityofficer?
a. At least high schoolgraduate
59. Itisacertificationbyaresponsibleauthoritythat the b. With 72 units incollege
person described is cleared to access to classified matters c. Baccalaureatedegree
at appropriatelevels. d. Any of theabove

19
 69. Police Major Alitaptap retired from the PNPafter least pieces of licensed firearms is
23 years of active service. Is he qualified to become a required.
security consultant? Must have at least ten (10) years a. 30
experience in the operation and management of security b. 50
business c. 40
a. Absolutely d. 60
b. Itdepends
c. Notqualified 78. Private security agency with with regular
license
d. If he is the onlyapplicant
tooperate,withtwo(200)hundredguards,aninitialofat least
pieces of licensed firearms is
70. A private detective does detective work for a
required.
reason. Which reason is notincluded? a. 60 c.70
a. Out ofpassion b. 80 d.80
b. Out ofreward
c. Forhire 79. How many hours are required in every security
d. Commission officers trainingcourse?
a. 150hours
71. How many years is the validity of securityguard b. 48hours
license? c. 300hours
a. Oneyear
d. 120hours
b. Twoyears
c. threeyears 80. Newapplicantstooperateshallberequiredto
d. fouryears obtain a minimum capitalization of with

minimum bank deposit of P500,000.00 in order to start its

72. A type of security guard force with a security business operation.
guard belonging to privately licensedagency. a. Five hundred thousandpesos
a. Company guard force - security forcemaintained b. 1 millionpesos
and operated by any privatecompany c. 1.5 millionpesos
b. Security agencyservice d. 2 millionpesos
c. Government guard force - security unit
maintained and operated by any governmententity 81. Allprivatesecurityagencyarerequiredtoposta
surety bond. If Sinagtala Agency have a total
73. Private security agency/private detective 212security guards, how much surety bond they are
agency/company security force/government securityforce required topost?
shallnotbeallowedtopossessfirearmsinexcessof a. Fifty thousandpesos
units. b. One hundred fifty thousandpesos
a. 100units c. one hundred thousandpesos
b. 500units d. two hundred thousandpesos
c. 300units
82. What is the purpose of posting suretybond?
d. 1000units a. Bond to keep thepeace
b. Payment in case ofbankruptcy
74. SGKapurunggoyisassignedtowatchthetower, and c. to answer for any legalclaims
as such he is carrying a shotgun. What gauge of shotgun d. all of theabove
allowed for him tobring?
a. Not bigger than 10gauge
83. For how many years will be the validity of all
b. Not bigger than 12gauge licenses to operate a securityagency?
a. 1year
c. Not bigger than 14gauge b. 3years
d. Not bigger than 16gauge c. 2years
d. 4years
75. What if SG Kapurunggoy carrying is a pistol or
revolver, up to what caliber he canbring? 84. Stocks of ammunition in the agency shall not
a. Not bigger than .45caliber
exceed rounds of ammunition per unit of duly
b. Not bigger than .38caliber licensedfirearms.
c. Not bigger than .22caliber a. 25rounds
d. Not bigger than .50caliber b. 40rounds
c. 30rounds
76. In areas where there is an upsurge of d. 50rounds
lawlessness and criminality who will determine in order
that security guards, they may be allowed to acquire, 85. Individual issue of ammunition to each security
possess and use high poweredfirearms. guard shall belimitedto rounds for
a. ChiefPNP everysecurity guard.
b. DILGSecretary a. 25rounds
b. President b. 40rounds
d. Napolcom c. 30rounds
d. 50rounds
77. Privatesecurityagencywithtemporarylicenseto
operate, with one (100) hundred guards, an initial ofat 86. It provides safeguards to equipment and
20
 material from access by unauthorizedpersons.

21
 a. Transmission security - communications security adequacyinallaspectsofsecurity,withthecorresponding
which results from all measures designed to protect recommendations.
transmission frominterception a. Securitysurvey
b. Cryptographic security - results from the b. Security education - defined as the
provisions of technically sound crypto-system and their exposureand teaching of employees on security and its
properuse. relevance to theirwork
c. Physicalsecurity c. Security threat – it refers to harm ordangers
d. Security inspection - process of conducting
87. It is the unauthorized real-time interception ofa physical examination to determine compliance with
private communication, such as a phone call, instant establishment security policies andprocedure
message, video conference or faxtransmission.
a. Eavesdropping 94. These are often called risk analysis surveys or
b. Wiretapping - the monitoring of telephone risk assessmentsurveys.
conversations by a thirdparty a. Securitysurvey
c. Bugging - means to secretly listen to or record a b. Securityeducation
conversation using a hidden electronicdevice c. Securitythreat
d. Securityinspection
88. Which of the following are considered
requirements to be built in all types of armoredvehicles? 95. They are the unit of the PNP mandated by law
a. bullet resistantmaterials to provide protective security to government officials and
b. partition wall with a combinationlock foreigndignitaries.
c. vault orsafe a. Civil SecurityGroup
d. all of theabove b. Police Security and ProtectionGroup
c. Aviation SecurityGroup
89. Itreferstotheactofassigningtoinformationor d. Police Community RelationsGroup
material one of the four security classification categories
after determination has been made that the information 96. It is the process of investigation/validating the
requires the security protection as provided for in the truthfulness of the existence of threat to anindividual.
regulation. a. Protective custody - state or quality of being
a. Classify secured or freed fromdanger
b. Compartmentation-Referstothegrantofaccess to b. Threat - an indication of something impending
classified matter only to properly clearedpersons and usually undesirable orunpleasant
c. Security clearance - an administrative c. Threatassessment
determination that an individual is eligible from a security d. Emergency situation - condition or state that
standpoint for access to classified matter of a specific danger has already occurred which resulted to loss of
category life/liberty
d. Need toknow
97. An area near or adjacent to limited or
90. It is any information and material, the exclusive areas where entry isrestricted.
unauthorizeddisclosureofwhichwouldendangernational a. Controlledarea
security, cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of b. Security area – refers to securedplace
the nation or any governmentalactivity. c. Exclusion area - a restricted area containing
a. Top secret - would cause exceptionally grave materials or operation of securityinterest
damagetothenation,politically,economicallyormilitarilyb.Se d. Restricted area - any area access to which is
cret subject to special restrictioncontrol
c. Confidential - would be prejudicial to theinterest
orprestigeofthenationorgovernmentalactivityorwould cause 98. Itisanyactorcondition,whichmayresultinthe
administrativeembarrassment compromiseofinformation,lossoflife,lossordestruction of
d. Restricted - any information and material which property or disruption of objectives of theinstallation.
requires specialprotection a. Dryrun-practicaltestorexerciseofplansorany
activity to test its validity, an operational readiness
91. Which of the following is not included in the exercise
methods oftransmission? b. Duress code - type of code system so that
a. By direct contact of officer or personnel security personnel when forced by armed men intending
concerned toenteraninstallationcanfirealarmbytheuseofcertain
b. By officialcourier words
c. Electrical means in cryptographicform c. Access list - authenticated list of personnel
d. RegisteredMail given
e. A and Conly tothesecurityallowingentrytoacompoundorinstallation or
f. None of theabove partthereof
d. Securityhazard
92. It is part of physical security that deals primarily
with the protection of processes, formulas, patents, and 99. It is the protection resulting from the
other industrial and manufacturing activities from application of various measures which safeguards cash
espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise orphotocopying. and assets which are in storage, in transit and or
a. Communicationsecurity duringtransaction.
b. Personnelsecurity a. Industrial security - designed to safeguard
c. Banksecurity personnel and prevent unauthorized access
toequipment, facilities, materials, documents, and to
d. Operationalsecurity
protect them from espionage, sabotage, damage ortheft
93. A fact finding probe to determine a plant’s
b. Banksecurity
22
 c. Operational security - Involves the protection of who violateregulations
processes, formulas and patents, industrial and B. To report all known violations to their
manufacturingactivities supervisors
d. Communication security– C. To ignore and impose rules to theirown
D. To make recommendations for better securitycontrol
100. What is the maximum number of High Powered
Firearms that a Private Security Agency canprocure? LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND
A. 10% of the total number of SecurityGuards PLANNING WITH CRIMEMAPPING
B. 30 units ofFirearms 1. This term was interpreted as an authoritative arm for
C. 70 units ofFirearms those in power. It was used by the Roman to modify the
D. 100 units ofFirearms Greek root word forpolice.
A. Polis C.Policia
101. Mali is a security guard, after his Tour of Duty, what B. Politia D.Politeia
shall he do with hisFirearm?
A. ReturntheFirearmforsafekeepinginthe 2. Inthehistoryofpatrol,thefirstrecordedorganized
company’s Vault. police that utilized dog patrol was the so called…
B. Turnover to the next security guard onduty. A. Vigiles – fire fighters of AncientRome
C. Bring home the firearms for easyresponses. B. Jacobians - more of aliterature
D. DeposittheFirearminsidethedraweroftheguardtable C. AncientPolice
D. Medjays
102. SGLanaTikasistaskedwithescortoperationsofvast
amountsofmoney.Tobeabletocarryherfirearmoutside the 3. Who organized the Bow Street Runner also called the
area of operation, his immediate security agency ThiefTakers?
supervisor mustissue a . A. HenryFielding
A. Duty detailedorder B. Patrick Colquhoun – founder of first regular
B. Memorandum preventive police force inEngland
C. Valid License-to-CarryFirearm C. Sir Robert Peel - recognized as the father of modern
D. Rationalization policingsystem
D. Allan Pinkerton – American detective andspy
103. Simo Halayha owns a temporary-licensed security
agency with one hundred (100) guards. To allow 4. DutiesandObjectivesofpolicepatrolaremany,butthe
operations, he must first have an initial oflicensed basic duties could probably be summed up in two
firearms. (2)words. Theyare….
A. at least 30 C. at least50 A. protection andservice
B. atleast70 D. at least25 B. control andprevention
C. elimination andsuppression
104. Inthe1950’s,privatesecurityagencieswereunder D. lawenforcement
the supervision and control of:
A. PhilippineConstabulary 5. The most power tool of a policeofficer.
B. Integrated NationalPolice A. discretion
C. PADPAO B. authority
D. Municipal and CityMayors C. power ofcontrol
D. intelligence
105. Michael Wittman, a well-distinguished and multi-
awardedsecurityguard,mustobservetheproperwearing of 6. Sir Robert Peel’s concept of modern policeare:
his medals, which shallbeworn . 1. Organized along military lines who are screened and
A. At the above right pocket of theuniform trained
B. At the above left pocket of theuniform 2. Hiredonaprobationarybasisanddeployedbytimeand
C. At the below right pocket of theuniform area
D. At the below left pocket of theuniform 3. Accessible to the people and maintainsrecords
4. Good appearance commandsrespect.
106. The fundamental duty of a security guardis: 5. Public security demands that every police be given a
A. to serve the interest of hisagency code
A. 1, 3 and5
B. to serve the interest of his agency’sclient
B. 2 and4
C. to serve the interest of thegovernment
C. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
D. to serve the interest of thecustomers
D. 2, 3, 4 and 5
107. Natural hazards such as storm, earthquakes, floods
7. InthehistoryofpatrolintheU.S.,thefirstdaytimeand
or lahar cannot be prevented for occurring. To minimize
paid police service was organized in…
the disastrous effect of these phenomena, the security
officer must preparea… A. BOSTON
A. security educationplan B. NewYork
B. guard deploymentplan C. SanFrancisco
D. Philadelphia
C. disaster or emergencyplan
D. civil defenseplan
8. What concept of policing that considers the police
organization as a mere repressive machinery the
108. The concern of security guards regarding the
barometer of police efficiency is more on arrestof
directivegivenbymostcompaniestoitssecuritypersonnel is
A. To impose disciplinary action to company employees

23
 criminals and punishment is the only instrument of crime C. The patrol force have always been expected to
control? handle variety ofsituations
A. OldConcept D. A andC
B. ModernConcept - the absence ofcrime
C. ClassicalConcept 16. Which of the following is considered as the backbone
D. CrimeControl of policedepartment?
A. patrol
9. What is the term for a citizen or group of citizen who B. intelligence
organized themselves as a police force without authority C. security
from law? Their activities may include arresting asuspect, D. investigation
inflicting summary punishment or sometimes summary
execution. 17. Which of the following is NOT true about policepatrol
A. vigilantes A. the show window of thePNP
B. marshals B. a preventivemeasure
C. watchman - simply means guard to duty fromday C. an indispensableunit
andnight D. relies on commonprudence
D. volunteer 18. Which of the following is regarded as the operational
heart of a police organization to which other bureaus,
10. According to the Father of Modern Policing system division, section, units relate or participate in supportive
(Robert Peel), the soundest of all capacity.
criminologicalphilosophiesis… A. Maritime
A. elimination ofcrime B. Patrol
B. control ofcrime C. Narcotics
C. Prevention ofCrime D. Aviation
D. Suppression ofCrime
19. Which of the following is NOT included in the patrol
11. What is the importance of conducting inspectional function?
service as part of the activities of a policepatroller? A. response for citizen calls forassistance.
A. to reduce criminal opportunity andaccidents B. Investigation of crimes after this is reported to
B. to render immediate policeservice the investigationsection.
C. to determine less tangiblehazards C. routine preventivepatrol
D. to direct business owners to light theirpremises D. Inspection of identifiedhazard

12. What is the core mission of police patroloperation? 20. Patrol weakens the potential offenders belief inthe-
A. ordermaintenance A. Opportunity forgraft.
B. crimeprevention B. Existenceofanopportunitytoeffectivelyviolate
C. lawenforcement the law.
D. ensuring publicsafety C. Effectiveness of PoliceAdministration.
D. Police bureau’s willingness to use specializedsquads.
THE PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL
1. CRIMEPREVENTION 21. What is the principle of organization characterized
2. CRIMESUPPRESION by the process of transferring authority and creation of
3. CRIME CONTROL (LawEnforcement) responsibility between superior and subordinates to
4. CRIMEINVESTIGATION accomplish a certaintask?
a. Principle of span ofcontrol
13. The following describe “patrol”,except… b. delegation ofauthority
a. Patrol is the innovator of police department in crime c. Commandresponsibility
prevention. d. Unity ofcommand
b. Patrolforceservesasthenucleusofpolicedepartment.
c. Brain of the policeorganization 22. What is the principle of organization which dictates
d. basic law enforcementmethod. that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
effective supervision and control of their personnel and
14. These statements state the importance of patrol. unit?
Which of the following is not one ofthem? a. Principle of span of control
A. It is the essence of the policefunctions. c. delegation of authority
b. Command responsibility
B. Any person, place, thing, situation, or condition
d. Unity of command
possessing a high potential for criminal attack or
for creation of any other type of problem
23. On the perspective of police patrol, crime has three
necessitating a demand for immediate police
elementsoringredientsnamely:motive;instrumentalities;
service.
and .
C. it is the most visible form of policeactivity.
A. means
D. the individual patrol officer represents the police
B. reason
department in its contact with thecommunity.
C. weapon
15. Patrol is called the “Operational Heart” of the police D. opportunity
organizationbecause .
24. The presence of patrol officer may provide
A. The patrol force incorporates all objectives
to law abidingcitizens.
inherent in the policeorganization
A. feeling of security
B. The general goal of patrol is to safeguard the
C. anxiety
community
24
 B. feeling of fear b. selectiveenforcement
D. feeling of joy c. trafficenforcement
d. emergency call forservice
25. What police strategy establishes the aura of police
presence in the community, and is best exemplified and 33. What is the old concept in patrolling wherein officers
effectively applied in patrol crime prevention activities by and units drive around their area of responsibility
uniformed foot or mobile patrol officer in conspicuously waiting
marked, radio equipped patrolvehicles? forsomethingtohappenorwaitingforacallthattheywill
A. PolicePatrol respond?
B. PoliceOmnipresence a. Proactivepatrol
C. PoliceOperation b. reactivepatrol
D. PoliceEmpowerment c. preventivepatrol
d. footpatrol
26. Police visibility involves three things,namely:
1.highvisibility 2. maximum 34. Which of the following is the purpose of low visibility
tolerance patrol?
3. physicalpresence A. repression
4. crimeprevention B. detection
5. Mobilepatrol C. prevention
6. Patrollingscheme
D. investigation
7. Stop andfrisk
8. Responsetime
35. Apatrolactivitythatisdirectedtowardstheelimination
A.3,4,6 C.1,3,5
of hazards in each respective beat is called…
B.3,6,8 D.4,6,7
A. called forservice
27. Theeffortofreductionofeliminationofdesireand B. patrol andobservation
opportunity to commit crime is known as… C. attending tocomplaints
A. arrest ofcriminals D. none of theabove
B. lawenforcement
C. ordermaintenance 36. The statistical reports of patrol officers regarding the
rate of crime, types of crime and places of crimes in
D. prevention ofcrime
each beat is very important in the implementation
ofthe…
28. Theresponsibilityofpolicethatinvolvespeacekeeping on
A. trafficenforcement
community service role or social service is referred to as…
A. crimeprevention B. selectiveenforcement
B. prevention ofcrime C. emergency call forservice
D. preventive enforcement – crimeprevention
C. ordermaintenance
D. crimeinvestigation
37. This patrol method utilizes disguise, deception and
lying in wait rather than upon high visibility patrol
29. What is the deployment of patrol personnel in their
techniques.
respective Area of Responsibility (AOR) with definite
A. high visibility - (Police Beat Patrol)Uniformed Police
objectives?
Officer
a. Proactivepatrol B. low visibility - (Detective Beat Patrol)Plainclothes
b. preventivepatrol-patrolfunctiontoattempttoprevent
Police Officer
crimebybeingseen,checkingbusinesses,residencehalls, and
C. directed patrol - specific criminal activity that is
other facilities andproperties
occurring in patrolareas
c. reactive patrol - consist of driving around the district
waiting something tohappened
D. decoypatrol
d. footpatrol
38. Thisisapatrolpatterndesignedtoensurelawabiding
30. What is the actual prevention of the commission of citizens feeling of security but reaction of fear for would
crime? beviolators.
a. crimeprevention A. double-officerpatrol
b. crimesuppression B. low visibilitypatrol
C. single officerpatrol
c. criticaltime
d. Responsetime D. high visibilitypatrol

31. When police patrols are increased beyond normal 39. Police visibility in strategic and crime prone areas
levels, this iscalled… projectsthus, an effective crime prevention strategy.A.
A. directed deterrent patrol - performs certain specific, policeomnipresence
predetermined preventive strategies in regular and B. physicalstamina
systematicbasis C. policeeffectiveness
B. reactivepatrol D. policeauthority
C. citizenpatrol
D. proactivepatrol 40. This type of patrol performs certain specific,
predetermined preventive strategies in regular and
systematicbasis.
32. The statistical reports of patrol officers regarding the
A. apprehension orientedpatrol
rate of crime, types of crime and places of crimes in each
B. low visibilitypatrol
beat is very important in the implementation ofthe…
C. split-patrol-
a. preventiveenforcement D. directed deterrentpatrol
25
 41. What is the patrol strategy which is directed towards
specific persons orplaces? 50. Afixedpointoflocationtowhichanofficerisassigned such
a. Target OrientedPatrol as designated desk oroffice.
b. Low VisibilityPatrol A. post C.sector
c. High VisibilityPatrol B. beat D.route
d. policepatrol
51. Thelargestorganicunitwithinalargedepartmentis…
42. A patrol beat refers toa- A. unit
A. Number of crimes to besolved B. division
B. Location of policeheadquarters C. bureau
C. Number of residence to beprotected D. section
D. Geographical area to beprotected
52. Which among the following steps in police
43. The following are the advantages of Regularpost. community relations as a patrol officer should
I. Patrol officer becomes thoroughly familiar with the undertakenfirst?
various postconditions; A. Study the public with which the police
II. Patrolofficertakesmoreprideandinterestinimproving the departmentdeals
conditions on his post resulting in better public relations B. Contact editors of localnewspaper
and cooperation from theresidents; C. Develop procedures for revealing with thepublic
III. Favoritism will be lessened because of transitory D. Establish civilian complaintsprocedure
assignment;and
IV. The patrol officer moral in enhanced, since a steady 53. Whichamongthefollowingactivitiesduringpost-patrol
post is an indication of public acceptance of hiswork. or post-deployment phase is notincluded?
A. I, IIandIII C. II, IIIand A. Formation &Accounting
IV B. Debriefing/ReportSubmission
B. I, IIand IV D. I, II,III C. Inspection & recall ofEquipment
and IV
D. Briefing
44. The shift is usually the busiest of allpatrol
54. What is referred to as the total number of the
shifts, often accounting for 40% to 50% of all calls for
policeofficer assigned to patrolduties?
service.
A. morningshift A. effectivestrength
B. middayshift B. actualstrength
C. afternoonshift C. mandatorystrength
D. nightshift D. authorizedstrength

45. Which of the following trait is most important for a 55. A patrol beat refersto…
policeofficer? A. number of crimes to besolved
B. number of residence to beprotected
A. personal integrity andhonesty
C. location of policeheadquarters
B. physicalstamina
C. courageous D. geographical area to beprotected
D. highintelligence
56. The special formation used in crowd control include
46. What is the time between the call of concerned the wedge, diagonal and deployed line. When crowd is
individual to the police regarding crime incident and the small enough not to require a squad, then the formation
arrival at the scene? is…
a. crimeprevention A. diagonal
b. crimesuppression B. deployedline
c. criticaltime C. wedge
d. Responsetime D. clockwise

47. Patrol shifts divide the 24-hour period into three 8- 57. The following changes must be made in police
hour shift. Which is called the dogshift? operating procedures if the investigative skills of patrol
A. 3:00 AM to 11:00 AM personnel are to be employed to their fullest
B. 11:00 PM to 7:00 AM advantage,except…
C. All of the shifts A. Patrol supervision should insist that patrol officers
D. 7:00 AM to 3:00 Am simply make a brief report and return to patrolduties.
B. Patrol officer should be better trained and equipped
48. Themembersofthepatrolteamshallforandassemble to conduct routineinvestigations
atthepoliceunitheadquartersatleast before C. Patrol officers should be encouraged to devote
the start of their shift for theiraccounting. more time to the investigation of more crimes to
A. 3minutes C. 45minutes which theyrespond.
B. 30minutes D. 60minutes D. The patrol supervision should be able to provide the
patrol officer with assistance in determining whether a
49. The nature of which the police officer is free from case has sufficient merit to warrant immediate follow up
specific routine duty iscalled… investigation.
A. offduty
B. onduty 58. The effectiveness and efficiency of patrol function
C. specialduty can be enhanced if there is detailed and up-to-date
D. leave ofabsence information about crime and criminals. This call for the

26
 establishment ofa
A. patrol basedheadquarters

27
 B. crime informationcenter properly trained in criminal investigation. Which of the
C. management informationcenter following cannot be undertaken bythem?
D. public informationcenter a. Hecanlocateandquestionthesuspectifheapprehends
him.
59. Involves segregation of deviants into isolated b. He can identify availableevidence
geographic areas so that they can be easilycontrolled. c. He can take note of statement of thesuspect
A. coercion d. He can issue treasury checks to fellow
B. conversion policemen.
C. quarantine
D. containment 69. The following are the things to be done after armed
confrontation,EXCEPT:
60. Disaster preparedness and control plan shouldinclude A. Checkwhetherthesituationstillposesimminentdanger
sothatpeoplewhoaredirectlyinvolvedshould B. Conduct debriefing on all involved PNPoperatives
know the extent of theincident. C. Submit the fact-findingreport
A. evacuationservices D. Evacuate the wounded to the nearesthospital
B. identificationservices
C. Public InformationServices 70. What is the court order commanding the expulsion
D. Counselingservices of illegalsettlers?
A. eviction
61. The actions of the patrol officers killing the persons B. forcibleentry
that run amok were in accordance to principleof… C. demolitionorder
A. self-preservation D. raid
B. discretion
C. self-defense 71. Person thing or situation which possesses a high
D. maintaining peace andorder potential for criminal attack or for creating a clamor for
police service is consideredas…
62. While covering his beat, Patrolman chased upon a A. Patroleffort
pickpocket. What will be hisaction? B. patrolhazards
A. just continue hisbeat C. policeinteraction
B. arrest thepickpocket
C. call for a criminalinvestigation 72. It refers to a specific or projected spot where
D. bring the pickpocket to the policedepartment. armed and dangerous person/s would pass or likely to
pass and so tactically located as to gain calculated
63. All unusual incidents, which came to the attention of advantage against saidperson/s?
patrol officers during the patrol operation, must be A. pre-determinedarea
reported or recordedinthe . B. high riskarrest
A. situationreport C. high riskstop
B. patrol sheetreport D. stoppingzone
C. initial report
D. daily patrolreport 73. In police intervention, police officer must first issue a
warning before he could use force against the offender
64. During strikes or lockouts, PNP personnel assigned on by…
peace-keeping detail shallstayoutside . A. use ofmegaphone
A. 30mradius B. identifying himself and giving the offender
B. 50m radius opportunity tosurrender.
C. 90mradius C. warningshot.
D. 100mradius D. shooting at theoffender.

65. Apolicemendoingfootpatrolisinthebestpositionon the 74. Whichofthefollowingshouldnotbedonebyanofficer on

followingexcept: riot duty when affected byteargas?
A. To get acquainted with the terrain of hisbeat A. close eyes immediately and open only whensafe.
B. To dissuade community members from doing B. evacuate the area whenpossible.
communitywork C. face thewind
C. To identify the hazards within hisbeat D. avoid rubbingeyes.
D. Tobefamiliarwiththemembersfromdoingcommunity
75. PoliceOfficersarerequiredtoobservelocationswhere
66. Whichamongthefollowingroutinepatrolduties,istheleastl criminal activities may be taking place. Which of the
ikelytobecomecompletelyafunctionofautomobile patrol is following locations would most likely require further
the checkingof- observation?
A. Security of businessestablishment A. Neighborhood residents complain that young
B. Street lightoutrages people enter and quickly leave and abandoned
C. Roadway defects and damaged trafficsigns building all daylong
D. Illegal posting of signs and otheradvertisement B. A diner which is open twenty-four hours a day and
frequented by travelers from a nearbymotel
67. Who is responsible in determining whether there is a C. A fast food outlet which has become a hangout for a
permit for the holding of the publicassembly? youngcrowd
A. Immediatesuperior C. Commandingofficer D. Numerous middle-aged and elderly women are
B. Ground commanderD. Chief ofPolice observedenteringofficebuildinginthelateafternoonand
68. Patrol officers are useful in crime solution if they are leaving aroundmidnight

28
 b. automobile
76. During night time patrol be prepared to use your c. helicopter
flashlight and it should be heldonthe . d. motorcycle
A. Stronghand
84. What is the common and best-known method of
B. Weakhand
patrol?
C. Lefthand
D. Righthand a. foot
b. automobile
77. It is a known doctrine of law wherein an individual is c. helicopter
said to be maintaining on his premises a condition d. motorcycle
instrumentality, machine or other agency that is
dangerous to young children because of their inability to 85. The following are the advantages of footpatrol,
appreciateperil. except…
A. patrolhazard a. Patrol officers can enter small alleys and sidestreets
B. unusualoccurrence b. It requires huge amount ofPersonnel
C. perilousthing c. It provides closer observation of persons andthings.
D. attractivenuisance d. Patrol officer can sneak up on situation, where a
patrol car is easily noticed when itapproaches.
78. Patrol Hazard would notinclude… 86. What is considered as the most extensively used and
A. Openmanhole most effective means of transportation for policepatrol?
A. bicycle
B. stress B. foot
C. suspiciouspersons
D. ordinance
C. automobile
D. horse
79. The advantage of a strong patrol more than make up
87. Which of the following is considered as the most
for slightly inferior performance. More patrolmen are then
extensively used and the most effective means of
made available for emergency, and more active and
transportation for policepatrol?
widespread the patrol; the more apparent is their
A. horse
presence, thus, promoting the impressionof…
B. bicycle
A. suspense
C. amphibian
B. omnipresence
D. Automobile
C. effectiveness
D. efficiency
88. Which of the following does not belong to thegroup?
A. capable of providingadvice
80. Police must endeavor to establish and impress upon
the law abiding citizens and would be criminals alike that B. foster policecorruption
the police are always available to respond to anysituation C. constant availability whenneeded
atamoment’snoticeandhewilljustaroundthecornerat all D. dependable when calledupon.
times. What does this situationindicate?
A. policecontrol 89. Which do not belong to thegroup?
B. policediscretion a. Covers a widerarea
C. policeinteraction b. Ability toobserve
D. policeomnipresence c. Provides constant availability topublic
d. Provides faster response to publiccalls
81. Foot patrol is described by thisstatement.
A. the most extensively used and most effective means of 90. Whichofthefollowingisnotoneoftheadvantagesof
transportation for policepatrol mobilepatrol?
B. themethodconsistingoffixedpost,linebeatand A.itmaintainsbetterpersonalcontactwithcitizens
random patrol. It is restricted to small areas and and develops police communityrelations.
used to deal with special problems of prevention B.provides the officer with needed protection, during
and repression that cannot be adequately handled inclement weather and enables him to carry other
by the officers in radiocars. equipment.
C. itisparticularlyeffectiveforsaturationcoverageofhigh C. faster response to publiccalls.
D. covers a widerarea.
crime areas. It provides extra coverage without the
occupants with an unusual number of policeofficer.
D. concerns with crime solution angle and compliment 91. What is the type of patrol best suited for traffic
police beat in its entirerole. management andescort.
a. foot
82. Whattypeofpatrolisbestareaofcrowdedpopulation such b. mobile
as downtown area, or where there is heavy traffic c. bicycle
congestion and assistance of an officer is needed to help d. motorcycle
eliminate trafficjam?
a. foot 92. Itisalargepowerfuldogswithdroopingears,sagging
b. automobile jaws and keen sense ofsmell.
c. K-9 A. Bloodhounds
d. motorcycle B. Newfoundlands
C. AiredaleTerriers
83. What is the most expensive type of patrol in terms D. AlaskanMalamute
ofhumanresource?
a. foot
29
 93. Dogs have an acutesenseof thus, their A. motorcyclepatrol
utilization in tracking down lost persons and illegal B. caninepatrol
drugs.a.smell C. footpatrol
b. eating D. automobilepatrol
c. hearing
d. drinking 104. What is the police strategy that aims to directly
involve members of the community in the maintenance
94. Whatisthemostfrequentlyuseddogforpolicework? of peace andorder?
A. bloodhounds
a. Community Oriented Policing System(COPS)
B. GermanShepherd b. Comparative PoliceSystem
C. Labradorretriever c. Integrated PoliceSystem
D. Rottweilers d. Koban System

95. What is the oldest types of patrol next towalking? 105. The police strategy in the Philippines that was
a. foot patterned from the Koban System ofJapan.
b. mobile A. OnePNP
c. helicopter B. Integrated PatrolSystem
d. horse C. Community Oriented PoliceSystem
D. answer notgiven
96. Which of the following statements istrue?
A. Marine patrols are under the PNP Special Action ForceB. 106.It represents an attempt to integrate the police and
The number of patrols officers is dictated by the the community interest into a working relationship so as
mayor who is the deputy of the National Police to produce the desire objective of peacekeeping in the
Commission community. It is a grassroots undertaken to bring the
C. A horse patrol is needed in big cities like Quezon City people and the police together in a cooperative
D. A maritime patrol is necessary in a region with island situation.A. TeamPolicing
provinces B. SocietyInterventions
C. Communityparticipation
97. Which of the following is most ideally suited for D. peopleempowerment
evacuation and search-and-rescueduties?
A. motorcycle 107. What is the new concept, police strategy is with
B. patrolcar integrates the police and community interests into
C. helicopter aworking relationship so as to produce the desired
D. bicycle organizational objectives ofpeacemaking.
A. team policing
98. They are tasked to provide protection to our waters B. directedpatrol
from poachers and smuggling, illegal fishing and all other C. communityrelation
illegal activities, which directly affect the water resources D. preventivepatrol
of thecountry.
A. mountedpatrol 108. In a pat down search, police officermust…
B. aviationpatrol A.conductathoroughsearchofthepocketofthesuspect.B.
C. marinepatrol not place his hand inside the pocket of the
D. caninepatrol suspect.
C.openthebagofthesuspecttoensurethatnoweapons has
99. The element of surpriseis of helicopter beenconcealed.
patrol. D. handcuff the suspect.
A. advantage C. beatpatrol
B. disadvantage D.attribute 109. The following are grounds for spot check or
accosting,except.
100. What type of patrol has the combined advantage A. theactionsoftheindividualsuggestthatheisengaged in a
ofmobility andstealth. criminalactivity.
a. bicycle B. questionable presence of the individual in thearea.
b. mobile C. thesuspect’sclothingbulgesinamannerthatsuggests
c. foot he is carrying a weapon.
d. plainclothes D. the person is walking in the street atnighttime.

101. Which of the following is not a patrolpattern? 110. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be
A. Clockwise conductedby-
B. Criss-cross A. Day time to avoid ambush or Surprisesattack.
C. Zigzag B. At least two police officers, one to perform the
D. Stationary search while the other provides protectivecover.
C. Theaidofciviliantoactasawitnessduringthesearch.
102. Going left while patrolling upon reaching every D. Civilian to avoid any issuethereof.
intersection until reaching the point of origin is following
whatpattern? 111. Police officers are required to give the suspect
A. Clockwise C. Counter Miranda Warning, during spot checks and pat down
clockwise searches. The statementis-
B. Zigzag D.Crisscross A. Partially

103. Whichofthefollowingisbestsuitedtotheword
“stealth” in the types of patrol?

30
 B. Correct and names offeatures.
C. PartiallyWrong In 1854, John Snow, a doctor from London created the
D. Wrong first thematic map used for problem analysis when he
mapped cholera's spread throughout the city.
112. During police intervention operations, the duty to 2. Non-Graphical Indicators. These are global level
issue a warning is not absolute before he could use force statisticsindicatingthestrengthofspatialautocorrelation,
against anoffender. but not its location. They compare actual distributions of
A. Correct crime incidents with randomdistributions.
B. PartiallyCorrect 3. Crime hotspots are areas that have high crime
C. Wrong intensity.
D. PartiallyWrong
Two different methods to create hotspots
113. What is the “frisk” or external feeling of the outer 1. STAC (spatial and temporal analysis of crime). Samuel
garments of an individual for weaponsonly? Bates created STAC in the early 1990s. He created a tool
a. pat downsearch that was designed to create a hotspot that contained a
high area density of crime in a form of circle on amap.
b. spotcheck
2. Nearest Neighbor. Philip Clark and Francis Evans
c. accosting
examined spatial arrangements of points, creating the
d. policevisibility
foundation of nearestneighbor.
3. Spatial regression – it allows the spatial diversification
114. The first step a dispatcher must take when a felony
of crime in space to be analyzed and to identify its
inprogresscallhasbeenreceivedthroughtelephoneorby
underlying causes. This method can only be used for
direct alarm signal isto?
A. Assigns an investigator to investigate thewitness address data in the form of point data or
dataaggregated
B. Clears the air for emergencybroadcast
tosmallerareas.ItwasintroducedbyLucAnselinin2002.
C. Call the investigators report to crimescene
4. Geographic profiling is a criminal investigative
D. Sends augmentationforce
methodology that analyzes the locations of a connected
series of crimes to determine the most probable area of
115. What is the oldest warningdevice?
offenderresidence.Geographicprofilingmodelisbasedon
a. trumpet the assumption that offenders are more likely to select
b. siren theirvictimsandcommitacrimewhichwouldbecentered
c. radio near their homeaddress.
d. gun A former police detective from Vancouver,
Canada Kim Rossmo first proposed the geographical
116.. In 2001, physical injuries numbered 12,500 out of profiling.
total crime volume of 60,500. What percent of the total
crime volume is attributed to physical injuries? How is GIS used in crime mapping?
A. 18.7 %
B. 25.7% GIS is a useful and powerful analytical tool for mapping
C. 20.7 % andanalyzingcrimehotspotsinagivenorspecificlocality. This
D. 4.8% course also introduces Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) to law enforcement agencies and officers; security
Crime mapping is the process through which crime professionals, as well as those who carry out
analysts and researchers use location information about criminalinvestigations.
crime events to detect spatial patterns in criminal activity.
Early crime mapping efforts typically involved placing How effective is crime mapping and what does it do?
physical markers, such as pins, on maps to designate the
locations where crimesoccurred. Crime mapping is a very important tool in managing and
controlling crime in an area. By analyzing the spatial and
Who introduced crimemapping? temporal data provided by maps investigator are able to
In 1829, Adriano Balbi and Andre-Michel Guerry created understand the crime patterns and trend it also helps in
the first maps of crime. resourceallocationandingeographicprofilingofcriminals
and suspiciouslocations.
What is the importance of crime mapping?
Crime mapping permits police forces to determine which What is the main purpose of crime mapping in the police
locations require additional support in means of allocating operation?
man-power or security systems. Crime mapping enables
police forces to inform the public of any changes within Crime mapping is a very important tool in managing and
the community. controlling crime in an area. By analysing the spatial and
temporal data provided by maps investigator are able to
What are types of crime mapping? understand the crime patterns and trend it also help in
There are five key applications in crime mapping. These resourceallocationandingeographicprofilingofcriminals
applications are thematic mapping, non-graphical and suspiciouslocation
indicators, hot spots, spatial regression and geographic
profiling.
CFLM 1 - CHARACTER FORMATION:
1. Thematic mapping is also called a special- NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
purpose, single-topic, or statistical map. A thematic map
focuses on the spatial variability of a specific distribution Definition of Character
ortheme(suchaspopulationdensityoraverageannual
income),whereasareferencemapfocusesonthelocation

31
 - It is the solid foundation on whicha person’s NOTE: What you see is what you get because people
entire life is based. without integrity are called hypocrites.
- It is simply called personality, wherein social, c. Reliability – a person who always keep their
emotion and intellectmanifest promises and undertake it as special moral duties.
- Itistheindexofthestateofmindofaperson.It is the Considerations to maintainreliability
motivation that desires an individual to achieve his goals 1. Avoid bad faith excuses – don’t try torationalize
inlife. non-compliance
- It refers to all habitual ways of feeling and 2. Avoid unwise commitments – consider if you
reacting of a person which distinguish one from another. have future and on the same timecommitments
Character Formation – is also known as characterbuilding 3. Avoid unclear commitments – make a promise
by which an individual develops his stable pattern of that is clear andunderstable.
functioning, thinking and feeling as a result of his d. Loyalty – an expectation of allegiance, fidelity
interaction biologically andenvironmentally. anddevotion.
Contributing Factors for Character Formation
1. Parental Influence – the most important and 2. Respect – it reflects notions such as civility,
responsible factor because everything starts from the courtesy, decency, dignity, autonomy, tolerance and
parentswheretheycaninfluencetheirchildrenabouttheir acceptance.
mannerisms andpersonality. Qualities of a respectful person
2. Home environment – the cradle of human 1. Ability tolisten
character and personality that contribute to the formation 2. Treats others withconsiderations
of thechild. 3. Capable of accepting individual differences and
3. School environment – the shaping agencyof beliefs
child’s personality.
4. Culture–itinfluencesone’spersonalityandsocial 3. Responsibility – it means to take charge and be
development. accountableoftheconsequencesofwhatwethinkanddo.
Five factors that determine character or personality traits Qualities of a responsibleperson
1. Openness – appreciation for a variety of 1. Sense of accountability – those who leads by
experiences. example and doesn’t shift blame or claim credit for the
2. Conscientiousness – planning ahead rather than work ofothers.
beingspontaneous 2. Pursuit of excellence – one who shows
3. Extraversion – being sociable, energetic and diligence in what he is doing, careful in his actions,
talkative. prepared and informed.
4. Agreeableness – being kind, sympathetic and 3. Self-restraint – people who exercise self-
happy tohelp control, restraining passions and appetites (likes lust,
5. Nueroticism – vulnerable and easy to become a hatred, greedandfear)forthesakeoflong-
victim termvisionandbetter judgment.

Types of Characters 4. Fairness – it involves issues of equality,

1. Self-realized character – is ever enthusiastic for impartiality, proportionality, openness and dueprocess.
he knows his potentialities andlimitations. 5. Caring–istheheartofethicsandethicaldecision
2. Covetous character – a jealous or acquisitive making, it is about having a good relation with other
character andgreedy. people and being concerned with theirwelfare.
3. Superstitious character – it only becomes bad 6. Citizenship – a civic virtues and duties that
when it’s over and turns a person to become prescribe how we ought to behave as part of the
unpredictable. community.
4. Egoistic/overbearing/bossy/tall-talker – a person The most well-known POSITIVE Filipino traits and
with a damn-care-attitude and thinks that he can do attitudes
everything and everybody must respecthim. 1. Hospitality – it is characterized byheart-
5. Anti-social character – a person who neither warming generosity and friendliness exhibited to
caresthenormssetbythesocietynorcaresforthemoral and foreigners and localsalike.
ethicalvalues. - This is the most popular qualities ofFilipinos.
6. Insincere character – a person who do not gave 2. Respect – a kind of tradition observed and
thanks to anybody who do themgood. followed showingcourtesy
7. Complacent character – a person full of 3. Strong family ties and religions – an act tending
confidence. to keep families intact through thegeneration.
4. Generosity and helpfulness – an act of sharing
Six Pillars of Good Character what they have even when they have onlylittle.
1. Trustworthiness–thisisthemostcomplicatedfor it 5. Strong work ethics – those being a hardworking
concerns variety of qualities like honesty, integrity, people, sometimes looking extra work or creating small
reliability andloyalty. business.
a. Honesty – a person who is admired and trusted 6. Loving and caring – an act of being sweet and
because of his being astraightforward. romantic and value relationship deeply andsincerely.
Three dimensions of honesty The most well-known NEGATIVE Filipino traits and
1. Truthfulness–presentingthefactstothebestof attitudes
ourknowledge. 1. Fatalism–a“bahalana”or“comewhatmay”
2. Sincerity – an act of being genuine without attitude
trickery orduplicity - A tendency to surrender the future to luck and
3. Candor – being frank and volunteer information leaving everything toGod.
that another person needs toknow.
b. Integrity – those who acts according to their
beliefs withconsistency.

32
 2. Procrastination – a Maῇanahabit
- An attitude of causing delays in accomplishing Patriotism–ornationalprideisasenseoflove,dedication and
thingsormakingtransactionsanddonotcareofwhatlies attachment to a country and an alliance with other
ahead. people who share the sameimpression.
3. Crab mentality – an attitude where they tend to
pusheachotherdowntoclearthewayfortheirowngain. Kinds of Patriotism
4. Hypocrisy – a traits of criticizing others who fails 1. Patriotism of duty – this includes fidelity to
to live with the moral standard of thesociety. one’s nation through material acts just like military
5. Ningas cogon – a trait of being good only at the service patriotism.
start and become too lazy to finishit. 2. Patriotism of affection – the patriotism of the
6. Tardiness – refers to Filipino time, referring to a heart about one’s internal desire for his country’s well-
person who always come late and ignore event othersare being.
waiting. 3. Patriotismofmanners–thisiscustomspatriotism
7. Gossiping – an act of creating intrigues,minding
can be performed by placing one’s hand over the heart
other’s businesses and bringing out others secret.
during nationalanthem.
8. Blaming–arepeoplewholackhumilitytoaccept
failures andinstead.
Core values – this are person’s or organizations
9. Selfishness–thosewhofocusontheirownneeds first
fundamental beliefs
beforeothers.
- These guiding principles dictate conduct and
10. Disobedience to simple rules andinstructions
can
11. Attention taker – always trying to become the
assistindividualstoknowthedistinctionbetweenrightand
center ofattraction.
wrong. In making choices we also use our values we
12. Beingonion-skinnedortoosensitive–thosewho
create a conscious decision to concentrate on what
think and feel that they are not respected and they feel
matters tous.
offended.
13. Living beyond their means – those known as
Filipino value system – it relates to the set of values that
social climber for being overspending.
hashistoricallybeenheldbyamajorityofFilipinosintheir life.
14. Passivity – it means lack of leadership for having
This system involves the distinctive combination of
lack of initiative forchange.
coherent ideologies, moral codes, ethical procedure s,
15. Early age pregnancy
cultural etiquette and private values promoted by the
Philippinesociety.
Three main traits underscoring Filipino values
1. Personalism - is any philosophy that considers
Philosophical foundation of Filipino values
personality the supreme value and the key to the
1. Preservation of socialharmony
measuring ofreality.
2. Sense ofshame
2. Familiarism - the subordination of the personal
3. Self-esteem
interests and prerogatives of an individual to the values
4. Social approval and grouprecognition
and demands of thefamily
5. Caring for what others believe, say ordo
3. Particularism – the exclusive attachment to the
interests of one group, class, sect,etc
Models of the Filipinovalues
1. Exogenous or foreign model – those particularly
Valuesorientation–theapproachthatmayinfluencework or
inherited from the Spaniards adAmericans.
social relationships by persons relating to objects, events
2. Indigenous or traditional model – those deeply
andideas.
integrated from Filipino cultures andtraditions.
Nationalism – is an ideology and movement define by
promotingtheinterestsofaparticularnationwiththeaim of
Five Core Filipino values based on Filipino’s Basic
acquiring and maintainingsovereignty.
Aspirations
- is the secular identification and engagement of
1. Thankful(Mapagpasalamat)–alwaysgratefulfor
our people with the Filipino nation and domestic
enjoying life and grateful to ourGod
community, believing that we belong to one body, mind,
2. Stable (Matatag) - being adjusted and
soul and spirit. It is a tool of change andreform.
learnedto be powerful in moments of need and in
Types of Nationalism …
difficult circumstances that life throws at us even in
1. Ethnic nationalism - it involves the concept of a
times of disaster.
shared culture and shared language to promote domestic
3. Enthusiastic (Masigasig) – doing everything we
group family and sociallife.
can, to get of what we dream not only for ourselves but
2. Civic nationalism – refers to the active
also for our family and lovedones.
involvementandthewillsoftheindividualtocontributeto the
4. Self-sacrificing (Mapagmalasakit) – being
state’s maintenance andstrength.
naturally sympathetic and compassionate to assist
3. Romantic nationalism – it is otherwise known as
others without or nothing inexchange.
organic and identity nationalism which is based on
5. Courteous (Magalang) – a gesture to
historical ethnicculture.
demonstrate our respect and love toelderly.
4. Cultural nationalism – defined a s a variety of
non-civil or ethnic nationalism just like theChinese.
The members of the Philippine National Police must
5. Religious nationalism – it contributes to a sense
therefore conform to and internalize the key principles of
ofdomesticunityandamutualbondbetweenthenation’s
1. Love ofGod
people.
6. Diaspora nationalism – is an ethnic population
2. Respect forauthority
residing outside their traditionalhomelands.
7. Stateless nationalism – those ethnic or cultural
3. Respect forwomen
minorities within a nation state aiming forindependence.
4. Respect for sanctity ofmarriage

33
 5. Stewardship over materialthings Gender and development (GAD) – defined as the
6. Responsibledominion development perspective and processes that is
7. Truthfulness participatoryandempowering,equitable,sustainable,free
The police service in the Philippines is expressed in the from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of
acronym, SERVICE. It stands for the following: self-determination and actualization of humanpotentials.
1. Servant hood – police affirm its unconditional - It focuses on the socially constructed basis of
service and love for the nation and individuals by differencesbetweenmenandwomenandemphasizesthe
protecting them with honesty, utmost devotion and need to challenge existing gender roles andrelations.
commitment above personalconcern - Itismoreconcernedwithwomenandherspecific
2. Excellence – police are committed in doing and roles, responsibilities and expectations in thesociety.
makingthingsoccureffectivelyandefficientlyinalloftheir
efforts as they strive to accomplish more consistently and Genderanddevelopmentrelatedlawsandissuancesinthe
outstandinglywithtangibleoutcomesandfarbeyondtheir Philippines
best. 1. Philippine Plan for Gender and Development – a
3. Responsibility with accountability – police carry national plan that addresses and pursues full equality
out and execute their tasks as their moral duty is to serve and development for men and women, approved by Pres
the public with due diligence and always bearing in mind Fidel Ramos on September 8,1995.
that they are duty bound to promote the publicinterest. 2. RA 9710 – known as the Magna Carta of
4. Valuing people and respect for human rights – Women which was approved on August 14, 2009 which
police always maintain their fellow human being dignity mandates non-discriminatory and pro-gender equality
whenever they cater their needs and are delicate and and equity measures to enable women’s participation in
cautious in serving and protecting them with compassion the
and utmost regard for their humanrights. formulation,implementationandevaluationofpoliciesand
5. Integrity – police take an uncompromising and plan for national, regional and localdevelopment.
coherentpositioninthefulfilmentoftheirobligationtolive an 3. Memorandum Circular No. 2011-01 – approved
honest, upright and dignified life according to the highest on October 21, 2011 addressing all government
ethical and moral norms where their advocacy, departments, agencies, offices and bureaus of their
valuesandconvictionsarecompatiblewiththeirwordsand guidelines and procedures for the establishment,
actions. strengthening and institutionalization of the Gender and
6. Courage – police draw their collective and Development Focal PointSystem.
individual power of approach to always accept difficult 4. RA 7877 – a law on Anti-Sexual Harassment Act
duties, and they are ready to speak out against of 1995 which took effect on March 5,1995.
temptation, anomalies, corruption and exploitation and 5. RA9262–alawonAnti-ViolenceAgainstWomen
standfirm. and their Children Act of2004.
7. Empowerment – police reach out and create 6. RA 7192 – a law on Women in Development
bridgesofcollaboration,nurturevolunteerismandoperate and Nation BuildingAct.
inharmonywiththeirclientelebytrainingindividualsfora better 7. Memorandum Circular No, 48 Series of 2013 –
and safer society in theprocess. directing all concerned government agencies to adopt
the Gender Equality Guidelines in the development of
Related Philippine laws that promote nationalism and their respective media policies and implementing
patriotism programs in order to promote gendermainstreaming.
1. RA 10086 – an act strengthening people’s 8. RA 10354 – the Responsible Parenthood and
nationalism through Philippine history by changing the Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or the RHLaw.
nomenclature of the National Historical Institute into the 9. 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Section
National Historical Commission of the Philippines, 14)
strengthening its powers and functions, and for other The State recognizes the role of women in nation
purposes. It is also known as the Philippine Cultural building
Heritage Act of2010. andshallpromotethefundamentalequalitybeforethelaw of
2. RA 8044 – also known as the Youth in Nation- women andmen.
Building Act, an act creating the National Youth
Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and Terms related to gender
Coordinated Program on Youth Development, 1. Socialization – is the process by which social
Appropriating funds therefore and for otherpurposes. norms,rolesandexpectationsarelearnedandinternalize.
3. RA 1425 – an act to include in the curricula ofall 2. Gender socialization – is the process by which
public and private schools, colleges and universities norms and expectations in relation to gender are learned
courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, by women andmen.
particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El 3. Genderstereotype–aformofprejudgment,bias or
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution limitation given to roles and expectations of males and
thereof, and for otherpurposes. females.
4. The 1987Constitution 4. Gender equality – gives men and women the
5. RA 10390 – an act amending RA 7306, entitled entitlement of all aspects of humandevelopment.
an act providing for the establishment of the people’s 5. Gender inequality – refers to unequal treatment
television network, incorporated, defining its powers and or perceptions of individuals based on theirgender.
functions,providingforitssourcesoffundingandforother
purposes. It is also known as An Act of Revitilizing the Areas of channel of Socialization
People’s Television NetworkIncorporated. I. Family – is a group of people related either by
6. RA 9512 – approved last December 12, 2008, consanguinity (recognized by birth), affinity
alsoknownasanacttopromoteenvironmentalawareness (bymarriage) or co-residence (like relatives
through environmental education and for otherpurposes andservants).
Two types of Family
or the National Environmental Awareness and Education
Act of 2008.

34
 a. Immediate family – include spouses, parents, theState.
brothers, sisters, sons anddaughters.
b. Extended family – include grandparents, aunts, General ways of acquiring citizenship
uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings inlaw. 1. Involuntary method – by birth because of blood
General classification of family structures relationship or place ofbirth
i. Matrifocal family – it occurs commonly where 2. Voluntary method – bynaturalization
women have the resources to rear their children by
themselves or where men are more mobile thanwomen. Modes in acquiring Philippine citizenship
ii. Patriarchal family – is a family in which the father is 1. Natural born
considered head of household or a stay homedad. a. JusSoli–isthelegalprinciplethataperson’s
iii. Conjugal family - a traditional form of family that nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth.
includesonlythehusband,thewifeadunmarriedchildren who b. Jus Sanguinis – is the legal principle that at
are not ofage. birth an individual acquires the nationality of her parents
iv. Avuncularfamily–afamilycomposedofagrandparent, a by blood.
brother, his sister and herchildren. 2. Naturalized–ajudicialactofadoptingaforeigner
v. Childlessfamily–issometimestheforgottenfamilyand and clothing him with the privileges of a native-born
doesnotmeetthetraditionalstandardssetbythesociety. citizen.
vi. Extended family – a family that extends beyond the
nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles,and Classification of Filipino citizens
otherrelatives. 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the
vii. Chosen family – it refers to the group of people in an time of the adoption of the 1987Constitution
individual’s life that satisfies the typical role of family as a 2. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizen of
support system and commonly within the LGBT thePhilippines
community. 3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino
viii. Blended family – describes families with mixed mothers who elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the
parents, one or both parents remarried, bringing children age ofmajority.
of the former family into the newfamily. 4. Thosewhoarenaturalizedinaccordancewiththe
ix. Monogamous family – an individual has only one law
partner during their lifetime or at any onetime.
x. Polygamous family – a family composed of a marriage Naturalization – is the act of formally adopting a
that includes more than twopartners. foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing
a. Polygamy–amanismarriedtomorethanone wife him with the rights and privileges of being a Filipino
at atime. citizen.
b. Polyandry–whenawomanismarriedtomore than
one husband at atime. Three ways of acquiring citizenship by naturalization
c. Fraternal Polyandry – where two or more 1. By judgement of thecourt
brothers are married to the samewife. 2. By direct act of theCongress
d. Polyamory–ifmarriageincludeshusbandsand 3. By administrative proceeding – applied to aliens
wives, group or conjointmarriage. bornandresidinginthePhilippinesunderRA9139,known as
the Administrative Naturalization Law of2000.
Processes involved in gender socialization in the family
1. Manipulation – means that people handle girls
and boys differently asinfants. Who may qualify as Philippine citizen by naturalization
2. Canalization – means that people directtheir under RA 9139?
children’s attention to gender appropriate object. 1. Not less than 21 years of age on the day of the
3. Verbalappellation–tellingchildrenwhattheyare and hearing of thepetition
what is expected ofthem. 2. ResidedinthePhilippinesforacontinuousperiod of
4. Activity exposure – familiarizing children to their not less than 10years
gender appropriatetasks. 3. With good moral character and believes in the
principles underlying the PhilippineConstitution
II. Church/Religion – it is a collection of cultural 4. Own real estate in the Philippines worth not
systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate less than 500 thousandpesos
humanity to spirituality and moralvalues. 5. HemustabletowriteorspeakEnglishorSpanish
6. Enrolled his minor children on any private and
III. MassMedia public schools recognized by theDECS
Effects of mass media in socialization
1. Medias sexualization of young femalecelebrities Loss of citizenship
2. Video games that promote violence andnegative 1. Voluntary
stereotypes a. by naturalization in a foreigncountry
3. Music lyrics and music videos that promote b. by express renunciation ofcitizenship
negative stereotypes andviolence. c. by subscribing an oath of allegiance to support
4. Sex stereotypes in kid’s TVprogram othercountry
d. by rendering service or accepting commission
IV. School – an institution for educating childrenfor in the armed forces of a foreigncountry.
the purpose of socialization and culturaltransmission. 2. Involuntary
V. Peergroups–aregroupsormemberswhoare a. By cancellation of his certificate of
likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behaviors. naturalization by thecourt
b. By having been declared by competent
Citizenship – a term denoting membership in a political authority a deserter of the Philippine armed forces in
society,whichmembershipimplies,adutyofallegianceon times ofwar.
thepartofthememberanddutyofprotectiononthepart of

35
 What are the grounds for reacquiring lost Philippine 6) Mentoring
citizenship? This is the process of developing, guiding, teaching,
1. Bynaturalization training and providing member into an effective law
2. By repatriation – affected by merely taking the enforcementleader,thisiscontinuous,apersonallearning
necessary oath of allegiance to the Republic of the process.
Philippines and registering the same in the proper civil 7) Positive/ConstructiveAttitude
registry. This should portray the attitude of moving forward
constructively, always looking for positive improvement,
RA 9225 – otherwise known as the Citizenship Retention with optimistic attitude enables employees to look for
and Re-acquisition Act of 2003, approved on August 29, the good and to try to be constructive working to
2003statedthatnaturalbornFilipinocitizenwhohavelost their change things for the better.
Philippine citizenship by reason of naturalization to a 8) Trust
foreign country are deemed to have re-acquired it upon It is the ability to rely or place confidence to someone,
takingoath. perform a job effectively and work harder for the benefit
of the team.
Derivative citizenship – the process whereby the
unmarried children, whether legitimate, illegitimate or MOST IMPORTANT LEADERSHIP QUALITIES AND
adopted,below18yearsofageshallbedeemedcitizenof the SKILLS TO LOOK FOR IN A GREAT LEADER.
Philippine upon their parent’s citizenship re- acquisition. 1. Communication.
These skills are absolutely crucial who can be able to
RA 9189 – otherwise known as the Overseas Absentee express yourself openly and build empathy with other
Voting Act of 2003. people
And what is the #1 most important part of
What is the effect of marriage of a Filipino citizen to an communication?
alien? Listening. Right up there with empathy, the only way to
ItdoesnotautomaticallylosehisorherFilipinocitizenship, even get people to follow you is to make them feel heard.
if he or she was granted by a foreign country of his 2. Integrity
orherhusbandorwife.Itonlylosseswhentheyrenounce it by “Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one is
taking allegiance to that foreign country. As such he or watching.”
she would possess dualcitizenship. Without integrity, no real success if possible. Stick
totheir word, live by their core values, leads by example,
Allegiance – is a loyalty owed by a person to his state. and follow-through.
Dual citizenship – refer to the possession for two 3. accountability - an effective leader needs to follow the
citizenships by an individual. advice of Arnold Glasow when hesaid,
“A good leader takes little more than his share of the
blameandlittlelessthanhisshareofthecredit.”Astrong
CFLM 2 LEADERSHIP, DECISION MAKING, leader is accountable for the team’s results, good or
MANAGEMENT ANDADMINISTRATION bad.
Theyholdthemselvesandtheiremployeesaccountablefor
Leadership a practical skill encompassing the ability of an their actions, which creates a sense of responsibility
individual, group or organization to influence or guide among theteam.
other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. 4. Empathy.
Eight principles of effective law enforcement leadership Empathy is understanding, has open-mindedness to
1) Service understand their followers’ motivations, hopes, dreams,
The act of self-giving, and selflessness giving complete and problems so that they can forge a deep personal
attention and effort, motivate others to work to their connection with them.
greatestpotentialtowardpreventingcrime,serveandgive 5. Humility.
themselves toward a greater good with the highest work It means being humble and vulnerable focus on
ethicpossible. problem- solving and team dynamics much more than
2) Honesty self- promotion.
Honesty is the quality of being upright, fair, truth, and “Pride makes us artificial and humility makes us real.”
sincere which are essential in both personal and 6. Resilience.
professional lives without ever hiding or minimizing It is the act of how they perform during good times, but
anything, never undercutting and having the courage to howtheyrolluptheirsleevesandproducewhentimesget
professionally tell what he believes. difficult, focus on solutions rather than onproblems.
3) Integrity 7. Vision – the act of setting the organizational direction,
Thisdependsonconsistentlydoingwhatisright,meaning that making new ideas, ensuring team members know the
which is in the best interest of the organization and of bottom line, and understand the goals and the mission
others in order to gain their trust and followus. of theorganization
4) Humility 8. Influence – is a certain level of leadership status
Humility is a most vital principle in effective leadership. It given to them but it must be earned, can connect with
means being humble, allowing others to feel comfortable, people emotionally and make others feelimportant
use ideas from others to make the organization more 9. Positivity- means inspiring their team on their
dynamic and responsive to the needs of the employees exhibited behavior, life outlook, and attitude in any
and the public. givensituation
5) Purpose 10. Delegation - means shifting from doing to leading by
It is the basic understanding of the importance of whatto entrusting works to other members they must be more
dotobeidentifiedwiththecentralpurposeandnobilityof essential and lessinvolved.
thework.Gettingemployeestounderstandthatthereis They aren’t scared of their subordinates’ successes and
nomorenobleworkthanprotectingandservingthepublic don’t feel threatened by them
well is vital for effectivemanagement.

36
 11. Confidence – is the act of believing enough to lead, focusedonbringingoutthebestintheirteamsbyguiding them
knowing that your plans and vision are not only viable for through goals andobstacles.
the team but the absolute best decisionpossible. • Bureaucratic Leadership - relies on a clear chain
The more that you believe in yourself, the more you’ll be of command, strict regulations, and conformation by its
able to manage any stressful situation followers. As the name implies, this is a leadership style
Ethical leaders always know how to do the right thing. It that’s commonly found in government entities, as well as
may be difficult to define exactly what “right” is, but a military and publicorganizations.
leader who is ethical is not afraid to do what they truly • Charismatic Leadership - is defined by a leader
believe to be right – even if it is unpopular, unprofitable, who uses their communication skills, persuasiveness,
or inconvenient. and
10 ethical leadership characteristics: charmtoinfluenceothers.Charismaticleaders,giventheir
1. Justice–leaderwhoisalwaysfairandjust,nofavorites, and ability to connect with people on a deep level, are
treat everyoneequally. especially valuable within organizations that are facing a
2. Respect others – it can be shown by listening to them crisis or are struggling to moveforward.
attentively, valuing their contributions, being • Collaborative leadership - is focused on
compassionate, and being generous while considering encouragingpeopletoworktogetheracrossfunctionaland
opposingviewpoints. organizational boundaries. The purpose of this
3. Honesty - It means convey facts transparently, no leadership style is to encourage collaboration with other
matter how unpopular they maybe. teams and departments to accomplish sharedgoals.
4. Humane–itmeansbeingkind,andactinamannerthat is
always beneficial to theteam. DecisionMakingistheprocessofidentifyingandchoosing
5. Focus on teambuilding – it means foster a sense of alternatives based on the values, preferences and beliefs
community and team spirit within theorganization. of the decision-maker which may come from identifying
6. Value driven decision-making – it means first checked a problem, gathering information, and assessing
to ensure that everything are in accordance with the alternative resolutions. Every decision-making process
overall organizationalvalues. produces a final choice, which may or may not
7. Encourages initiative – an act of awarding employees promptaction.
for coming up with innovative ideas, and do what it takes
to improve the way things aredone. Herbert Simon is the pioneer in the field of decision-
8. Leadership by example – this means expecting leaders making concept because he resorted to utmost caution
to do the right thing since members have high as totheadoptionofdecisionandatthesametimewillfocus on
expectations onhim. the implementation of the decision. So, for him both
9. Values awareness - it is done by regularly taking and implementing decision areimportant.
communicating and discussingvalues
10. No tolerance for ethical violations - leader expects Herbert Simon divided the concept into two main parts
employeestodotherightthingatalltimes,notjustwhen it is 1. decision beingarrived
convenient for them. Don’t expect a leader of such high 2. process ofaction.
values to overlook or tolerate ethical violations. Different
Types ofLeadership Process of Decision Making
• Democratic Leadership - which is also commonly Decision-making process is usually defined as a
knownasparticipativeleadership,isaboutlettingmultiple sequence of activities involving stages of problem
people participate in the decision-making process. This recognition, search for information, definition of
typeofleadershipcanbeseeninawiderangeofcontexts, from alternatives and the selection of an actor of one from
businesses to schools togovernments. two or more alternatives consistent with the ranked
• Autocratic Leadership. An autocratic leader preferences
focuses less on collecting input from team members and
tends to make executive decisions that others are Theory of decision making
expected tofollow. Decision making theory is a theory of how rational
• Laissez-faire Leadership - makes a hands-off individuals should behave under risk and uncertainty. It
approach to leadership and gives others the freedom to usesasetofaxiomsabouthowrationalindividualsbehave
makedecisions.Whileleadersstillprovidetheirteamswith which has been widely challenged on both empirical and
theresourcesandtoolstheyneedtosucceed,theyremain theoreticalground.
largely uninvolved in the day-to-day work. This is a
leadership style you’ll commonly find in creative settings, Characteristic of decision making
such as advertising agencies or startups, due to its An important characteristic of decision-making is that it
encouragement of independentthinking. is neveraproductofasingleman.Itdoesnotoriginatefrom a
• Servant leadership – it puts the needs and single brain; it is always the product of several men or
wellbeing of followers first. In other words, these typesof brains who worktogether.
leaders adopt a serve-first approach and growth mindset
toprioritizetheirorganization,employees,andcommunity Herbert Simon suggested for the first time the decision-
abovethemselves making model of human beings. His model of decision-
• Transformational Leadership - create a vision making has three stages:
based on identified needs and guide their teams toward 1. Intelligence which deals with the problem
that unified goal through inspiration and motivation. This identification and the data collection on theproblem.
one is focused on changing the systems and processes 2. Design which deals with the generation of
that aren’tworking. alternative solutions to the problem athand.
• TransactionalLeadership.Leaderswhoadoptthis 3. Choice which is selecting the ‘best’ solutionfrom
style rely on a system of rewards and punishment to amongst the alternative solutions
motivate theirfollowers. using Various Model of Decision
• Coach-Style Leadership - s a style defined by Making
collaboration,support,andguidance.Coachingleadersare

37
 The decision-making process though a logical one is a a common practice to cure the symptoms rather than
difficult task. All decisions can be categorized into the the causes.
following three basic models. d. Afailuretoassessthereliabilityofinformationalsources
- Veryoften,wetakeitforgrantedthattheotherperson’s
(1) The Rational/Classical Model – it is the first opinion is very reliable and trustworthy and we do not
attempt to know the decision-making-process. It is check for the accuracy of the informationourselves.
considered by some as the classical approach to e. The method for analyzing the information may not be
understand the decision-making process. The classical the soundone:
model is the best example of decision-making process f. Do implement the decision and follow through -
which have various steps orprocedures. Making a decision is not the end of the process, rather it
is a beginning. Implementation of the decision and the
The Rational Decision-Making Process results obtained are the true barometer of the quality of
Step 1: Identify the Problem. ... the decision.
Step 2: Establish Decision Criteria. ...
Step 3: Weigh Decision Criteria. ... (4) The Garbage Can Model - It assumes that
Step 4: Generate Alternatives. ... organizations are far from perfect and operate in a state
Step 5: Evaluate Alternatives. ... of anarchy. It assumes that no organizational process for
Step 6: Select the Best Alternative. finding a solution to a problem exists and that decision-
makers are disconnected from problems and solutions.
(2) The Administrative or Bounded RationalityModel ThegarbagecanmodelwascreatedbyMichaelD.Cohen,
- it is based on the concept that it assumes that people, James G. March and Johan P. Olsen in 1972.
while they may seek the best solution, normally settle for OrganizationalStreams
much less, because the decisions they confront typically In the absence of a formal decision-making process, a
demand greater information, time, processing capabilities solution comes as a result of the interplay (interaction)
than theypossess. of four independent organizational streams:
This model is based on certain basic concepts. 1. Problems can originate both within and outside
a. Sequential Attention to alternative solution - it is the the organization and require attention. An example of a
tendency for people to examine possible solution one at a problem is having insufficient personnel to handle all
time instead of identifying all possible solutions and stop incomingwork.
searching once an acceptable (though not necessarily the 2. Solutions, a result of someone's work, these
best) solution isfound. are usually created before a problem existed. The
b. Heuristic - these are the assumptions that guide the organization's members then search for ways to apply
search for alternatives into areas that have a high existingsolutions.Asolutionmightbeintheformofmore
probability for yieldingsuccess. efficient tracking of employees'hours.
c. Satisficing – it is picking a course of action that is 3. Participantsleavetheorganizationfrequentlyand
satisfactory or “good enough” under the circumstances.It cannot devote their time solely to a given problem.
is the tendency for decision makers to accept the first Employees, contractors and volunteers can all be
alternative that meets their minimally acceptable consideredparticipants.
requirements rather than pushing them further for an 4. Choice opportunities are decision-making
alternative that produces the bestresults. moments within the organization, such as meetings or a
need to sign a newcontract.
(3) The Retrospective Decision-MakingModel.
This decision•-making model focuses on how decision- Decision-Making Measures
makersattempttorationalizetheirchoicesaftertheyhave been Measures of individual differences in decision making
made and try to justify their decisions. This model has can be divided into measures of style, approach, and
been developed by PerSoelberg. competence.
ProblemSolving-Theprocessofengagingintheproactive and 1. style measures, they can be said to assess
systematic examination of identified problems to develop individuals’methodsofmakingdecisions,orthinkingmore
and rigorously evaluate effectiveresponses. generally, and the extent to which they use a certain
strategy or style, this also include measures of epistemic
Elements of Problem Solving motivation, like information processing, thinking, and
o Scanning: Identifying and prioritizingproblems judgment.
o Analysis: Researching what is known about the
problem 2. approach measure assessed various aspects of
o Response: Developing solutions to bring about individuals’ management of decision making, both pre-
lasting reductions in the number and extent ofproblems and post-decision, and include such constructs as
o Assessment: Evaluating the success of the indecision, decision conflict, andregret
responses
o Using the crime triangle to focus on immediate 3. competence measures refer to the ability or set
conditions(victim/offender/location of skills needed to make good decisions, based on
Some Common Errors in Decision-Making normative models of decision making, its asses how well
a. Indecisiveness - It means those persons who are not individualsmakedecisionsandwhethertheytendtoreach
good in making decision or timid about taking a decision satisfactoryoutcomes.
because decision-making is full ofresponsibility. Steps in Decision Making
b. Postponing the decision until the last moment - his is a • Establishingobjectives
common feature which results in decision-making under • Classifying and prioritizingobjectives
pressure of time which generally eliminates the possibility • Developing selectioncriteria
of thorough analysis of the problem which is time • Identifyingalternatives
consuming as well as the establishment and comparison
of allalternatives.
c. A failure to isolate the root cause of the problem - it is

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 • Evaluating alternatives against the selection
criteria MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
• Choosing the alternative that best satisfies the 1. PLANNING - the determination in advance
selectioncriteria of how the objectives of the organization will beattained
• Implementing thedecision
2. ORGANIZING - involves the determination and
allocation of the men and women as well as the resource
Decision-making Styles Three Broad Categories:
of an organization to achieve pre-determined goals or
• Psychological: Decisions derived from the needs,
objectives of theorganization
desires, preferences, and/or values of the individual
3. DIRECTING - involves the overseeing and
making the decision. This type of decision-making is
supervising of the human resources and the various
centered on the individualdeciding.
activitiesinanorganizationtoachievethroughcooperative
• Cognitive: This is an integrated feedback system
efforts the pre-determined goals or objectives of the
between the individual/organization making a decision,
organization
and the broader environment’s reactions to those
4. CONTROLLING - involves the checking or
decisions. This type of decision-making process involves
evaluation and measurement of work performance and
iterative cycles and constant assessment of the reactions
comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the
and impacts of thedecision.
organization, and making the necessary corrective
• Normative: This is to say that decisions are
actions so that work is accomplished asplanned
derived based on the ability to communicate and share
5. STAFFING-thetaskofprovidingcompetentmen to
logic, using firm premises and conclusions to drive
do the job and choosing the right men for the rightjob
behavior.
- involvesgoodselectionandprocessingofreliable
Types of Decision
and well-trainedpersonnel
1. Avoiding – it is when one decision-makingoption
6. REPORTING - the making of detailed account of
istomakenochoiceatall.Thereareseveralreasonswhy the
activities, work progress, investigations and unusual in
decision maker might dothis:
order to keep everyone informed or what is goingon
7. BUDGETING - the forecasting in detail of the
a. There is insufficient information to make a
results of an officially recognized program of operations
reasoned choice betweenalternatives.
basedonthehighestreasonableexpectationsofoperating
b. Thepotentialnegativeconsequencesofselecting
efficiency
any alternative outweigh the benefits of selectingone.
c. No pressing need for a choice exists and the
Importance of Management
status quo can continue withoutharm.
d. The person considering the alternatives doesnot
1. It helps in Achieving GroupGoals
have the authority to make adecision.
2. Optimum Utilization ofResources
3. ReducesCosts
4. Establishes SoundOrganization
2. Problem Solving – It refers to the desire toreach
5. EstablishesEquilibrium
a definite goal from a present condition. Problem solving
6. Essentials for Prosperity ofSociety
requires problem definition, information analysis and
evaluation, and alternativeselection.
Police Management Process
• Planning - planning consists of the process of
3. Problem Seeking – it is when decision makers
preparing for the future by setting goals and objectives
mustreturntothestartingpointandrespecifytheissueor
and developing courses of action for accomplishingthem
problem they want toaddress.
• Organizing - consists of the process of
MANAGEMENT - the process of directing and facilitating
arranging personnel and physical resources to carry out
the work of people organized in formal groups in order to
plans and accomplish goals andobjective
achieve objectives.
- judicious or wise use of resources (manpower, material,
• Leading - consists of motivating others to
money, equipment, supplies, timeetc).
perform various tasks that will contribute to the
accomplishment of goals andobjectives
Management's primary function is to get people to work
together for the attainment of an organization's goalsand
• Controlling - is the process by which managers
objectives.
determine how the quality and the quantity of
departmental systems and services can be improved, if
POLICE MANAGEMENT – includes the administrative
goalsandobjectivesarebeingaccomplished;controllingis
activities of coordinating, controlling and directing police
concerned with efficiency andeffectiveness
resources, activities and personnel. Simply put, it's the
everyday act of running the police department.
Functions of Management in PolicePractice
ADMINISTRATION - an organizational process concerned
1. empowerment and participative management
with the implementation of objectives and plans and
styles
internal operating efficiency
2. intellectual challenges, stimulation,
-
and motivation
POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION - focuses
3. Police managerialnetworks
on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies
4. Police managerial skills and
are organized and managed in order to achieve the goals
of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and
competencies 14 Principles ofManagement
productively

39
 1. Division of Work – When employees are
specialized, output can increase because they become Components of Classical Approach
increasingly skilled andefficient. a. Scientific management is defined as the use of
2. Authority – Managers must have the authority to the scientific method to determine the “one best way”
give orders, but they must also keep in mind that with for a job to be done. The most important contributor in
authority comesresponsibility. this fieldwasFrederickW.Taylorwhoisknownasthe“father”
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld in of scientificmanagement.
organizations, but methods for doing so canvary. Elements of scientific management still used
4. UnityofCommand–Employeesshouldhaveonly one include: 1.Using time and motion studies
directsupervisor. 2.Hiring best qualifiedworkers
5. Unity of Direction – Teams with the same 3.Designing incentive systems based onoutput
objective should be working under the direction of one b. Bureaucratic management - believing it to be
manager, using one plan. This will ensure that action is morerationalandefficientthanitshistoricalpredecessors.
properlycoordinated. One of the most important thinkers in modern
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the organizational theory, Max Weber, is the 'father of the
General Interest – The interests of one employee should bureaucratic management theory.' Weber was a German
not be allowed to become more important than those of sociologist and political economist that viewed
the group. This includesmanagers. bureaucracy in a positivelight
7. Remuneration – Employee satisfaction depends Two essential elements
on fair remuneration for everyone. This includes financial 1. it entails structuring an organization into a
and non-financialcompensation. hierarchy
8. Centralization–Thisprinciplereferstohowclose 2. the organization and its members are governed
employees are to the decision-making process. It is by clearly defined rational-legal decision-makingrules.
important to aim for an appropriatebalance. c. Administrative management is the process of
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should be aware of managing information through people. This usually
where they stand in the organization's hierarchy, or chain involves performing the storage and distribution of
ofcommand. information to those within anorganization.
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be clean,
tidy and safe for employees. Everything should have its
place.
11. Equity – Managers should be fair to staff at all 2. THE HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH – is the
times, both maintaining discipline as necessary andacting study of behavior of people at work wherein the
with kindness whereappropriate. effectiveness depends on the quality of relationships
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Managers amongtheworkers.Thisapproachhaditsorigininaseries of
should strive to minimize employee turnover. Personnel experiments conducted by Professor EltonMayo.
planning should be apriority.
13. Initiative – Employees should be given the 3. THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH – is
necessary level of freedom to create and carry outplans. focused on the psychological and sociological processes
14. Esprit de Corps – Organizations should strive to (attitude,motivations,andgroupdynamics)thatinfluence
promote team spirit andunity. employeeperformance.

4. CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES - provides a

Major functions of administration using the acronym framework of management practices based on more
POSDCORB recent trends, such as globalization, McKinsey’s 7-S
approach, excellence models, productivity and quality
1. Planning: This essentially refers to establishing a broad issues.
sketch of the work to be completed and the procedures
incorporated to implementthem.
2. Organizing: Organizing involves formally classifying, McKinsey’s 7-S framework identified seven independent
defining and synchronizing the various sub-processes or organizationalfactorsthatneedtobemanagedbytoday’s
subdivisions of the work to bedone. managers. These factorsare:
3. Staffing: This involves recruiting and selecting theright
candidatesforthejobandfacilitatingtheirorientationand 1. Strategy - to determine allocation of scarce resources
training while maintaining a favorable workenvironment. and to commit the organization to a specific course of
4. Directing: This entails decision making and delegating action
structured instructions and orders to executethem.
5. Coordinating: This basically refers to orchestrating and 2. Structure - to determine the number of levels (in
interlinking the various components of thework. hierarchy) and authoritycenters
6. Reporting: Reporting involves regularly updating the
superior about the progress or the work-related activities. 3. Systems—to determine organizational processes,
The information dissemination can be through records or procedures, reports, androutines
inspection.
7. Budgeting: Budgeting involves all the activities that 4. Staff—to determine key human resource groups in an
under Auditing, Accounting, Fiscal Planning andControl. organization and describe themdemographically

The 4 major approaches of management 5. Style—to determine the manner in which managers
should behave for achieving organizationalgoals
1. THE CLASSICAL APPROACH - is based on the
belief that workers only have physical andeconomic
needs, it does not take into account social needs or job
satisfaction.

40
 6. Super-ordinate goals (shared vision)—to determine the
guiding con•cepts that an organization needs to instill in
itsmembers

7. Skills—to determine the abilities of people.

41