ALLEN® Gravitation 1

GRAVITATION 6. A solid sphere of radius R gravitationally

1. Two stars of masses m and 2m at a distance d attracts a particle placed at 3R form its centre
with a force F1. Now a spherical cavity of
rotate about their common centre of mass in
free space. The period of revolution is : æRö
radius ç ÷ is made in the sphere (as shown in
è2ø
1 d3 d3
(1) (2) 2p figure) and the force becomes F2. The value of
2 p 3Gm 3Gm F1 : F2 is :
1 3Gm 3Gm
(3) (4) 2p
2p d 3
d3 B A
2. Four identical particles of equal masses 1kg O m
2R
made to move along the circumference of a M
circle of radius 1 m under the action of their
(1) 25 : 36 (2) 36 : 25
own mutual gravitational attraction. The speed
(3) 50 : 41 (4) 41 : 50
of each particle will be : 7. Given below are two statements : one is labelled
G as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
(1) (1 + 2 2) (2) G(1 + 2 2 ) Reason R.
2
Assertion A : The escape velocities of planet
G (1 + 2 2)G A and B are same. But A and
(3) (2 2 - 1) (4) B are of unequal mass.
2 2
Reason R : The product of their mass and
3. Consider two satellites S1 and S2 with periods of
radius must be same,
revolution 1 hr. and 8hr. respectively revolving M1R1 = M2R2
around a planet in circular orbits. The ratio of In the light of the above statements, choose the
angular velocity of satellite S1 to the angular most appropriate answer from the options given
velocity of satellites S2 is : below :
(1) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
(1) 8 : 1 (2) 1 : 4
correct explanation of A
(3) 2 : 1 (4) 1 : 8 (2) A is correct but R is not correct
4. A body weighs 49 N on a spring balance at the (3) Both A and R are correct and R is the
north pole. What will be its weight recorded on correct explanation of A
the same weighing machine, if it is shifted to (4) A is not correct but R is correct
the equator ? 8. The initial velocity vi required to project a body
GM vertically upward from the surface of the earth
(Use g = = 9.8 ms–2 and radius of earth, to reach a height of 10R, where R is the radius
R2
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of the earth, may be described in terms of

R = 6400 km.]
(1) 49 N (2) 48.83 N x
escape velocity ve such that vi = × ve . The
(3) 49.83 N (4) 49.17 N y
5. Two satellites A and B of masses 200kg and value of x will be ________.
400kg are revolving round the earth at height of
600 km and 1600 km respectively. If TA and TB
are the time periods of A and B respectively
then the value of TB – TA:
B
A
E

[Given : radius of earth = 6400km,

mass of earth = 6 × 1024 kg]
(1) 1.33 × 103 s (2) 3.33 × 102 s
(3) 4.24 × 10 s
3 (4) 4.24 × 102 s

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2 Gravitation ALLEN®
9. Find the gravitational force of attraction 12. In the reported figure of earth, the value of
between the ring and sphere as shown in the acceleration due to gravity is same at point A
diagram, where the plane of the ring is and C but it is smaller than that of its value at
perpendicular to the line joining the centres. If
point B (surface of the earth). The value of OA :
8 R is the distance between the centres of a AB will be x : y. The value of x is ..........
ring (of mass 'm') and a sphere (mass 'M') where C
both have equal radius 'R'. 3200 km
m M B

R R A

x – Earth O
Ö8R Y
R = 6400 km

8 GmM 2 2 GMm
(1) × (2) × 13. The maximum and minimum distances of a
9 R 3 R2 comet from the Sun are 1.6 × 1012 m and
1 GMm 8 GmM 8.0 × 1010 m respectively. If the speed of the
(3) × 2
(4) ×
3 8 R 27 R 2 comet at the nearest point is 6 × 104 ms–1, the
10. Assume that a tunnel is dug along a chord of the speed at the farthest point is :
earth, at a perpendicular distance (R/2) from the
(1) 1.5 × 103 m/s (2) 6.0 × 103 m/s
earth's centre, where 'R' is the radius of the
Earth. The wall of the tunnel is frictionless. If a (3) 3.0 × 103 m/s (4) 4.5 × 103 m/s
particle is released in this tunnel, it will execute 14. If one wants to remove all the mass of the earth
a simple harmonic motion with a time period : to infinity in order to break it up completely.
2pR g The amount of energy that needs to be supplied
(1) (2) x GM 2
g 2 pR will be where x is ____ (Round off to
5 R
1 g R the Nearest Integer)
(3) (4) 2 p
2p R g (M is the mass of earth, R is the radius of earth,
11. A planet revolving in elliptical orbit has : G is the gravitational constant)
(A) a constant velocity of revolution. 15. A geostationary satellite is orbiting around an
(B) has the least velocity when it is nearest to arbitary planet 'P' at a height of 11R above the
the sun. surface of 'P', R being the radius of 'P'. The time
period of another satellite in hours at a height of
(C) its areal velocity is directly proportional to
2R from the surface of 'P' is _________. 'P' has
its velocity.
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the time period of 24 hours.
(D) areal velocity is inversely proportional to its 6
velocity. (1) 6 2 (2) (3) 3 (4) 5
2
(E) to follow a trajectory such that the areal 16. The time period of a satellite in a circular orbit
velocity is constant. of radius R is T. The period of another satellite
Choose the correct answer from the options in a circular orbit of radius 9R is :
given below : (1) 9 T (2) 27 T
(1) A only (2) D only (3) 12 T (4) 3 T
(3) C only (4) E only 17. If the angular velocity of earth's spin is
increased such that the bodies at the equator
start floating, the duration of the day would be
approximately :
(Take : g = 10 ms–2, the radius of earth,
R = 6400 × 103 m, Take p = 3.14)
(1) 60 minutes (2) does not change
(3) 1200 minutes (4) 84 minutes

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18. The angular momentum of a planet of mass M 22. Consider a binary star system of star A and star
moving
r
around the sun in an elliptical orbit is B with masses mA and mB revolving in a
L . The magnitude of the areal velocity of the circular orbit of radii rA and rB, respectively. If
planet is : TA and TB are the time period of star A and star
4L L B, respectively, then :
(1) (2)
M M 3

2L L T æ r ö2
(3) (4) (1) A = ç A ÷ (2) TA = TB
M 2M TB è rB ø
19. A particle of mass m moves in a circular orbit (3) TA > TB (if mA > mB)
-C
under the central potential field, U ( r ) = , (4) TA > TB (if rA > rB)
r 23. A body is projected vertically upwards from the
where C is a positive constant. surface of earth with a velocity sufficient
The correct radius – velocity graph of the
enough to carry it to infinity. The time taken by
particle's motion is :
r r it to reach height h is ______ S.

Re éæ h ö
3/ 2
ù
(1) (2) (1) êç 1 + ÷ - 1 ú
2g êëè Re ø úû
O v O v
r r éæ 3/2
ù
2 Re h ö
(2) êç 1 + ÷ - 1ú
(3) (4) g êëè Re ø úû

1 R e éæ ù
3/ 2
O v O v
h ö
20. A person whose mass is 100 kg travels from (3) êç 1 + ÷ - 1ú
3 2g êè Re ø úû
Earth to Mars in a spaceship. Neglect all other ë
objects in sky and take acceleration due to
1 2 Re éæ h ö
3/ 2
ù
gravity on the surface of the Earth and Mars as (4) êç 1 + ÷ - 1ú
10 m/s2 and 4 m/s2 respectively. Identify from 3 g êëè R e ø úû
the below figures, the curve that fits best for the 24. The minimum and maximum distances of a
weight of the passenger as a function of time. planet revolving around the Sun are x1 and x2. If
the minimum speed of the planet on its
trajectory is v0 then its maximum speed will be :
v x2 v x2
(1) 0 2 1 (2) 0 2 2
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x2 x1
v x v x
(3) 0 1 (4) 0 2
x2 x1
25. Consider a planet in some solar system which
(1) (c) (2) (a) (3) (d) (4) (b) has a mass double the mass of earth and density
equal to the average density of earth. If the
21. A satellite is launched into a circular orbit of
weight of an object on earth is W, the weight of
radius R around earth, while a second satellite is the same object on that planet will be :
launched into a circular orbit of radius 1.02 R. (1) 2W (2) W
The percentage difference in the time periods of 1

the two satellites is : (3) 2 3 W (4) 2 W

(1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (3) 0.7 (4) 3.0

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26. Suppose two planets (spherical in shape) of 30. A body of mass (2M) splits into four masses
radii R and 2R, but mass M and 9 M {m, M – m, m, M – m}, which are rearranged to
respectively have a centre to centre separation 8 form a square as shown in the figure. The ratio
R as shown in the figure. A satellite of mass 'm'
is projected from the surface of the planet of
M
of for which, the gravitational potential
mass 'M' directly towards the centre of the m
second planet. The minimum speed 'v' required energy of the system becomes maximum is x :
for the satellite to reach the surface of the 1. The value of x is ...... .
a GM
second planet is then the value of 'a' is
7 R
________.
[Given : The two planets are fixed in their
position]

31. A mass of 50 kg is placed at the centre of a

uniform spherical shell of mass 100 kg and
radius 50 m. If the gravitational potential at a
point, 25 m from the centre is V kg/m. The
27. Two identical particles of mass 1 kg each go
value of V is :
round a circle of radius R, under the action of
their mutual gravitational attraction. The (1) – 60 G (2) + 2 G
angular speed of each particle is : (3) – 20 G (4) – 4 G
G 1 G 32. The masses and radii of the earth and moon are
(1) 3
(2) (M1, R1) and (M2, R2) respectively. Their
2R 2 R3
centres are at a distance 'r' apart. Find the
1 1 2G
(3) (4) minimum escape velocity for a particle of mass
2R G R3 'm' to be projected from the middle of these two
28. The planet Mars has two moons, if one of them masses:
has a period 7 hours, 30 minutes and an orbital
radius of 9.0 × 103 km. Find the mass of Mars. 1 4G (M 1 + M 2 )
(1) V =
ïì 4 p2 ïü 2 r
í Given = 6 ´1011 N -1 m -2 kg2 ý
G 4G (M 1 + M 2 )
îï þï (2) V =
19
(1) 5.96 × 10 kg (2) 3.25 × 1021 kg r

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25
(3) 7.02 × 10 kg (4) 6.00 × 1023 kg 1 2G (M 1 + M 2 )
29. Inside a uniform spherical shell : (3) V =
2 r
(a) the gravitational field is zero
2G (M1 + M2 )
(b) the gravitational potential is zero (4) V =
(c) the gravitational field is same everywhere r
(d) the gravitation potential is same everywhere
(e) all of the above
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below :
(1) (a), (c) and (d) only
(2) (e) only
(3) (a), (b) and (c) only
(4) (b), (c) and (d) only

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33. If RE be the radius of Earth, then the ratio 34. Four particles each of mass M, move along a
between the acceleration due to gravity at a circle of radius R under the action of their
depth 'r' below and a height 'r' above the earth mutual gravitational attraction as shown in
surface is : (Given : r < RE) figure. The speed of each particle is :
r r2 r3 r r2 r3
(1) 1 - - 2 - 3 (2) 1 + + 2 + 3
RE RE RE RE RE RE

r r2 r3 r r2 r3
(3) 1 + - 2 + 3 (4) 1 + - 2 - 3
RE RE RE RE RE RE

1 GM 1 GM
(1) (2) (2 2 + 1)
2 R(2 2 + 1) 2 R

1 GM GM
(3) (2 2 - 1) (4)
2 R R
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SOLUTION 4. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
1. Official Ans. by NTA (2) Sol. Weight of pole = mg = 49 N
d At equator due to rotation = ge = g – Rw2
c.o.m.
Sol. m 2m so W = mge = m(g – Rw2)
2d/3 d/3
\ WP > We WP = 49 N
G(2m)m
F= = (2m)w2 (d/3) So, We = 48.83 N. We < 49 N
d2
Option (2) is correct.
Gm d
2
= w2 5. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
d 3
r3
3Gm 3Gm Sol. T = 2p
Þ w2 = 3
Þ w= GM
d d3
(6400 + 600) ´103
2p d3 TA = 2p
ÞT= = 2p GM
w 3Gm
2. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 73
TA = 2p × 109
m GM
F2
83
Sol. 45° TB = 2p × 109
m m m = 1 kg GM
F1 45°
R=1m 2p10 9 é
F3 TB – TA = 8 8 - 7 7 ùû
GM ë
m
= 314 × 4.107 = 1289.64 = 1.289 × 103 s
Gmm Gm 2 6. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
F1 = =
(2R)2 4R 2 Sol. Let initial mass of sphere is m'. Hence mass of
removed portion will be m'/8
Gmm Gm 2
F2 = = m.Gm '
( 2R) 2 2R 2 F1 = m.E. =
9R 2
2
Gmm Gm
F3 = =
( 2R) 2
2R 2 B A
O
Þ Fnet = F1 + F2 cos 45° + F3 cos 45° 2R m

Gm 2 Gm 2 1 Gm 2 1
= + +
4R 2 2R 2 2 2R 2 2 é G.m ' G.m '/ 8 ù
Gm 2 æ 1 1 1 ö F2 = m ê - ú
êë ( 3R ) (5R / 2) úû
2 2
= + +
R è 4 2 2 2 2 ÷ø
2 ç

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Gm ' Gm ' ´ 4 æ 1 1 ö Gm '
-
=
Gm 2 æ 1 1 ö Gm 2
R 2 çè 4
+ ÷ = 4R 2 1 + 2 2
2ø
( ) =
9R 2 8 ´ 25
=ç - ÷ 2
è 9 50 ø R
41 Gm '
F2 = .
Fnet =
Gm 2
4R 2
1 (
+ 2 2 =
mv2
R
) 50 ´ 9 R 2
F1 1 50 ´ 9 50
= ´ =
G(1 + 2 2) F2 9 41 41
Þv=
2 7. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
3. Official Ans. by NTA (1) 2GM
T1 1 Sol. Ve =
Sol. = R
T2 8 M1 M 2
2 p / w1 1 =
= R1 R 2
2 p / w2 8 M1R2 = M2R1
w1 8 Hence reason R is not correct.
=
w2 1

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8. Official Ans. by NTA (10) 13. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
–GMm –GMm 1 Sol. By angular momentum conservation :
Sol. = + mv 2
11R R 2 mv1r1 = mv2r2
20GM 48 ´ 1014
v= v1 = = 3000 m/sec
11R 1.6 ´ 1012
9. Official Ans. by NTA (4) = 3 × 103 m/sec.
Sol. Gravitational field of ring 14. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
Gmx Sol. Ans. (3)
=-
( ) Energy given = Uf – Ui
3/2
R2 + x2
æ 3 GM 2 ö
Force between sphere & ring = 0 – ç- ÷
è 5 R ø
=
GmM ( 8R ) =
GmM
´
8 3 GM 2
= x=3
(R )
2 3/2 2 27
2
+ 8R R 5 R
15. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
Ans. (4) Sol. (3) T µ R3/2
10. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 3/2
24 æ 12R ö
= Þ T = 3hr
T çè 3R ÷ø
Sol. r 16. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
q x
R/2 Sol. T2 µ R3
2 3
æ T ' ö æ 9R ö
ç ÷ ç = ÷
èTø è R ø
Force along the tunnel T'2 = T2 × 93
æ GMmr ö T' = T ×33
F = -ç ÷ cos q
è R3 ø T' = 27 T
17. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
gm æ GM ö
F=- x ç 2 = g, r cos q = x ÷ Sol. For objects to float
R è R ø mg = mw2R
g w = angular velocity of earth.
a=- x
R R = Radius of earth
g R g
w2 = T = 2p w= ... (1)
R g R
Ans. (4) Duration of day = T
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11. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 2p

T= ... (2)
Sol. As per Keppler's 2nd law, Areal velocity is w
constant. R
12. Official Ans. by NTA (4) Þ T = 2p
g
GM ( r ) C
Sol. gA = 6400 ´ 103
R3 3200 km = R/2
= 2p
B
GM 10
gC = A
æ Rö
2 T
r Þ = 83.775 minutes
çR + 2 ÷ Earth O 60
è ø
gA = gC R = 6400 km
; 84 minutes
r 1 4R
= Þ r=
R 3
9 2 9
R
4
4R 5R
so OA = ; AB = R – r =
9 9
OA : AB = 4 : 5

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18. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 23. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
ds Sol.
r q
Sol. S

For small displacement ds of the planet its area

can be written as
ds
dl q
r
1
dA = rdl Applying energy conservation from (1) to (2)
2
1 æ 2GM ö GMm 1 GMm
1 m. ç ÷- = mv 2 -
= r dssin q 2 è Re ø Re 2 R+r
2
1 GMm
dA 1 ds Vrsin q Þ mv 2 =
A.vel = = r sin q = 2 R+r
dt 2 dt 2 2GM dr
Þ v= =
dA 1 mVr sin q L R + r dt
= = t Re +h
dt 2 m 2m
19. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Þ 2GM ò dt =
0
ò
Re
( )
R + r dr

C 2é 3/2 R e + h
Sol. U=- 2GM . t = ( R + r) ù
r 3ë û Re
dU C
2 R3e éæ ù
3/2
F=- =- 2 h ö
dr r t= êç1 + ÷ - 1ú
3 2GM êè Re ø úû
mv 2 ë
F = GM
r =g
C mv 2 R 2e
=
1 2R e éæ ù
3/2
r2 r h ö
t= êç 1 + ÷ - 1ú
1 3 g êè Re ø úû
v2 µ ë
r 24. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
20. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Sol. Angular momentum conservation equation
Sol. At neutral point g = 0 so graph (C) is correct
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v0x2 = v1x1
Hence option (1).
v x
21. Official Ans. by NTA (4) v1 = 0 2
x1
Sol. T 2 µ R3
25. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
T = kR3/2
Sol. Density is same
dT 3 dR 3
= = ´ 0.02 = 0.03 4 4
T 2 R 2 M= pR 3r , 2m = pR '3 r
% Change = 3% 3 3
22. Official Ans. by NTA (2) R' = 2 R
1/3

Sol. TA = TB (since wA = wB ) GMm G2Mm

w= 2
w2 =
R ; R '2
w2 = 21/3 w

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26. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 31. Official Ans. by NTA (4)

Sol. Sol.

Acceleration due to gravity will be zero at P

therefore, é GM1 GM 2 ù
VA = ê – -
GM
=
G9M ë r R úû
x 2
(8R - x)2
= éê – G -
50 100 ù
G
8R – x = 3x
ë 25 50 úû
x = 2R
Apply conservation of energy and consider = –4G
velocity at P is zero. 32. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
1 2 GMm G9Mm GMm G9Mm
mv - - = 0- -
2 R 7R 2R 6R
Sol.
4 GM
\V=
7 R
27. Official Ans. by NTA (2)

1 GM1m GM 2 m
Sol. mV 2 - - =0
2 r/2 r/2
1 2Gm
mV 2 = ( M1 + M 2 )
Gm 2 2 r
F= = mRw2
(2R)2 4G ( M1 + M 2 )
V=
1 G r
w=
2 R3 Option (2)
28. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 33. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
Sol. Option D is correct
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g
Sol. g up =
4p2 3 æ rö
2
T2 = ·r
GM ç1 + R ÷
è ø
4 p2 r 3
M= · æ rö
G T2 g down = g ç 1 - ÷
è R ø
by putting values
M = 6 × 1023 g down æ r öæ rö
2

29. Official Ans. by NTA (1) = ç 1 - ÷ç 1 + ÷

g up è R øè Rø
Sol. Inside a spherical shell, gravitational field is
zero and hence potential remains same æ r öæ 2r r 2 ö
= ç1 - ÷ ç 1 + + 2 ÷
everywhere è R øè R R ø
Hence option (1)
30. Official Ans. by NTA (2) r r2 r3
=1+ - 2 - 3
Sol. Energy is maximum when mass is split equally R R R
M
so =2
m

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34. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
Sol.

MV 2
Fnet =
R
MV 2
2F + F1 =
R
GMM GMM MV2
2 + =
( ) ( 2R )
2 2
2R R

GM æ 1 1 ö
+ = V2
R çè 2 4 ÷ø

GM æ 4 + 2 ö
÷=V
2
ç
R çè 4 2 ÷ø

V=
GM 4 + 2 ( )
R4 2

V=
1 GM 2 2 + 1 ( )
2 R

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Option (2)