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Oracle Day - 3 - Constraints

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Oracle Day - 3 - Constraints

Uploaded by

bit20207sabranoor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Constraints In Oracle

Data validation before inserting the data into the table

1. Primary Key

-- It will not allow duplicate value

-- It will not allow null

-- Only one primary key in a table

e.g emp_id, prod_id, cust_id, user_id, account_no

composite Key:

cust_id+mobile_no ---> Primary key(cust_id,mobile_no)

2. Not Null *mandatory field

-- It will not allow a null value

-- It will allow duplicate

e.g First_name

3. Unique Key

-- It will not allow duplicate

-- It will allow null

e.g mobile_no
4. Check

-- data validation

check (age >=18)

5. Foreign Key

--- Relationship between two tables

-- It will accept duplicate value

-- It should be a primary key in another table

-- Any no of foreign key in a table

e.g foreign key (city_id) references city(city_id)

Violation:

Integrity constraint violated - parent key not found

6. Default

Queries to practice:

create table

customer (

cust_id number(6) primary key,

cust_name varchar2(30) not null,

mobile_no number(10) unique check (length(mobile_no)=10),

age number(3) check (age>=18),


city_id number(4) references city(city_id)

);

select * from city;

create table

city (

city_id number(4),

city_name varchar2(30)

);

insert into city values

(10,'Chennai'); insert into city

values (20,'Pune');

insert into city values (30,'Hyd');

insert into city values (40,'Delhi');

alter table city add primary key(city_id);

select * from city;

select * from customer;

insert into customer values

(100000,'Arun',9090909090,28,20); insert into customer

values (100001,'Arun',8080808080,31,30); insert into

customer values (100002,'Vijay',5050505050,31,10); insert

into customer values (100003,'Ajith',2894738243,13,30);

insert into customer values (100004,'Ramesh',2894738789,31,60);


commit;

desc customer;

select * from all_constraints where owner='HR' and table_name='CUSTOMER';

select * from all_cons_columns where owner='HR' and table_name='CUSTOMER';

select

a.owner,a.constraint_name,a.constraint_type,b.table_name,b.column_name

from all_constraints a , all_cons_columns b where a.constraint_name=b.constraint_name

and a.owner='HR' and a.table_name='CUSTOMER';

On delete cascade

ALTER TABLE customer

drop CONSTRAINT SYS_C009091;

ALTER TABLE customer

ADD CONSTRAINT city_fk

FOREIGN KEY (city_id)

REFERENCES city(city_id)

ON DELETE CASCADE;

select * from all_constraints where owner='CORE' and table_name='CUSTOMER';

--Metadata tables will have all table & column level details

select * from all_tables where owner='HR';

select * from all_tab_columns where owner='HR' and column_name='SALARY';


create table

country (

cust_country_code varchar2(2) primary

key, country_name varchar2(30)

);

insert into country

values('IN','India'); insert into

country values('IN','USA'); drop table

country;

create table

customer (

cust_id number(6),

cust_name varchar2(30) not null,

mobile_no number(10),

age number(3) check (age>=18),

city_id number(4) references

city(city_id), primary

key(cust_id,mobile_no)

);

insert into customer values

(100000,'Arun',9090909090,28,20); insert into customer

values (100000,'Arun',9090909091,28,20); insert into

customer values (100000,'Arun',9090909090,28,20); select *

from customer;

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