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Math 251
Calculus of Several
Variables
Table of contents
Multivariable Calculus Partial Derivatives

A brief description of A brief description of partial
multivariable calculus derivatives
Petroleum Engineering and Applications The General Gas Law

of Partial Derivatives
Examples of partial derivatives and their An application of partial derivatives
efficacy in solving practical problems
01
Multivariable
Calculus
Multivariable Calculus
● This branch of mathematics involves concepts such

● Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate
as partial derivatives, multiple integrals, and vector
calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable
calculus, which are crucial for analyzing systems that
to calculus with functions of several variables: the
depend on multiple independent variables
differentiation and integration of functions
involving multiple variables (multivariate), rather
than just one.
● Multivariable calculus extends the principles of

calculus to functions of several variables, enabling
the exploration of more complex and realistic
models in various fields.
02
Partial
Derivatives
A comprehensive guide
Partial derivatives are a fundamental concept

in multivariable calculus, representing the
● They are essential tools for analyzing functions of
rate of change of a function with respect to
multiple variables, providing insights into how
one of its variables while keeping the other changes in one variable impact the overall system..
variables constant.
Change of f(x,y) with respect to x
Change of f(x,y) with respect to y

03
Petroleum Engineering and
the Application of Partial
Derivatives
Petroleum Engineering and Partial
Derivatives
● In petroleum engineering, partial derivatives are ● For example, consider the flow of oil through a
invaluable tools for analyzing and solving complex porous medium, which can be described by the
problems where multiple variables influence function 𝑃(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑡), 𝑃 representing the pressure at a
outcomes. These derivatives enable engineers to point (𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) at time 𝑡. The partial derivatives of 𝑃
understand how changes in individual variables with respect to spatial coordinates (𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) and time 𝑡
affect overall system behavior, which is crucial for provide insights into how pressure changes spatially
optimizing processes and improving efficiency. and temporally.
Petroleum Engineering and Partial
Derivatives
● Reservoir Simulation: Partial derivatives are used to ● Heat Transfer in Reservoirs: Thermal recovery
model fluid flow within the reservoir. The equations methods, such as steam injection, require knowledge
governing these flows often involve partial of how heat propagates through the reservoir. The
differential equations (PDEs), such as the diffusion temperature distribution can be modeled using
equation. By solving these PDEs, engineers can partial derivatives to describe the heat flow and its
predict how pressure and fluid saturation change impact on fluid viscosity and mobility.
over time, allowing for better management of
extraction processes.
04
The General Gas
Law
The General Gas Law
The general gas laws describe the relationships between pressure(𝑃), volume (𝑉), temperature (𝑇), and the
number of moles (𝑛) of a gas. These relationships can be explored and derived using partial derivatives,
particularly in the context of the Ideal Gas Law.
The Ideal Gas law is given by:
where 𝑅 is the universal gas constant.
To explore how changes in one variable affect the others, we can use partial derivatives.
The General Gas Law
Questions
1. Determine how pressure changes with respect to volume at a constant
temperature.
2. How does pressure change with respect to temperature at a constant volume?
3. Find the change in pressure with respect to both volume and temperature
4. Given n=1mole, R=8.314 j/(mol.k), initial conditions: P=100kpa, V=10L, T=300K

The General Gas Law
1.
2.
3. .L
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Math 251

Multivariable Calculus Partial Derivatives

Petroleum Engineering and Applications The General Gas Law

● This branch of mathematics involves concepts such

● Multivariable calculus extends the principles of

Partial derivatives are a fundamental concept

Change of f(x,y) with respect to x

Change of f(x,y) with respect to y

The Ideal Gas law is given by:

where 𝑅 is the universal gas constant.

4. Given n=1mole, R=8.314 j/(mol.k), initial conditions: P=100kpa, V=10L, T=300K

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