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    Friction - Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    ANJIRA S

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Friction - Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    ANJIRA S
    9 views5 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views5 pages

    Friction - Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    ANJIRA S

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Friction

    ENGINEERING MECHANICS

    Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
    Download Testbook App

    Friction
     Friction is basically a resistance force which tries to resist the motion of a body when
    it slides or tends to slide over a surface. It is useful in many applications like walking,
    braking, belt drive, clutch drive, etc.

    Static friction and Dynamic friction


    Static friction

     When a body is trying to slide over a surface but not sliding then the friction
    applied by the surface on the body is known as static friction.

     Static friction is variable friction. When the applied force is zero then the stat-
    ic friction is also zero and when the applied force increases, the static friction
    will also increase and reaches a maximum value.

     Static friction is maximum when the body is tending to slide or the body is
    just on the point of sliding. This maximum friction force is known as maxi-
    mum static friction or limiting friction.

    Dynamic or Kinetic friction

     This type of friction is applied by the surface on the body when the body is
    moving over the surface.

     It has less value than the maximum static friction value and the value will be
    approximately constant.

     The dynamic or kinetic friction is independent of the relative velocity of the


    bodies in contact.

    ENGINEERING MECHANICS | Friction PAGE 2


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    Points to Remember
     The frictional force will always act in the direction opposite to the motion of the
    body or opposite to the tendency of motion of the body.
     The frictional force is directly proportional to the normal reaction between the sur-
    faces.
     The frictional force depends on the nature of the surface and independent of the
    area and shape of the contacting surfaces.

    Angle of friction
    The angle between the normal reaction N and the resultant force R (resultant of limiting fric-
    tion Fmax and normal reaction N) is called the angle of friction.
    Fmax = Limiting friction force (Body tends to move)

    = Angle of friction

    Coefficient of friction

    For static friction,

    For dynamic friction,

    where,

    ENGINEERING MECHANICS | Friction PAGE 3


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    Friction in horizontal and inclined


    surface
    Motion of a body on a horizontal surface

    F = μN = P cos θ

    N + P sin θ = mg

    Motion of a body on an inclined surface

    This angle will be called as the angle of repose when the body is in the limiting
    condition of sliding and at that time the value of will be equal to the value of

    Rolling friction
     Body is in pure rolling motion (without slipping & skidding)

     It is the combination of pure rotation and pure translation.

     The point of roller in contact with the surface will be the instantaneous center of
    rotation and velocity of this point is zero but acceleration at this point will not be
    zero.

     Kinetic energy in pure rolling,

    ENGINEERING MECHANICS | Friction PAGE 4


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    (KE)Pure Rolling = (KE) Translation + (KE) Rotation

    VO = velocity of point O (Point O is in pure translation) = r.ω

    Rolling friction cases

     Case – I (Applying force P)

     From Newton’s Second Law,

    ∑FNet = m

    P - Ffriction = m = m(r )

     (∑TNet)CM = ICM

    (Ffriction × r) = ICM

     Case – II (Applying torque T)

     ∑FNet = m

    Ffriction = m = m(r )

     (∑TNet)CM = ICM

    T – (Ffriction × r) = ICM

    ENGINEERING MECHANICS | Friction PAGE 5

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