Group 2

POSITIVE
DISCIPLINE
Outline
1. Concepts on corporal punishment

2. History of Positive discipline
3. Definition of Positive discipline
4. Core principles
5. Advantages/Benefits of positive discipline
6. Methods and ways to maintain positive
discipline
7. Challenges
8. Conclusion
9. References
What is Corporal Punishment?
“Any punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some
degree of pain or discomfort, however light. Most involves hitting (smacking,
slapping, spanking) children with the hand or with an implement—whip, stick,
belt, shoe, wooden spoon, etc. But it can also involve, for example, kicking,
shaking or throwing children, scratching, pinching, burning, scalding, or forced
ingestion (for example, washing children’s mouths out with soap or forcing
them to swallow hot spices)”.
In addition, there are other non-physical forms of
punishment which are also cruel and degrading and
thus incompatible with the Convention. These
include, for example, punishment which belittles,
humiliates, denigrates, scapegoats, threatens, scares
or ridicules the child.
What is wrong with corporal punishment?
1. Corporal punishment has

physical consequences.
behavioral consequences.

emotional and
psychological developmental
consequences. consequences.
“Corporal punishment is always
degrading and has no place in the
home or our schools.”
-UN Committee on the Rights of the
Child
Discipline Problems in Schools in Bhutan
- Schools face many discipline problems.
- 50% of students have tried alcohol.
- One-third have used tobacco.
- 2% are dependent on cannabis, 0.9% on alcohol, 0.5% on
solvents (National Baseline Assessment, 2000).
Ministry of Education (MoE) initiated consultations and a
zero-tolerance policy to address declining behavior
standards.
Create a safe and secure school environment (13th Education
Policy Guidelines, 2012).
“When it comes to discipline, zero tolerance must
be balanced with high expectations. Children will
experiment, experience and approach life with
inquisitiveness. This is natural. Sometimes they
may make mistakes. Zero tolerance should mean
that teachers and parents make sure to address
these mistakes no matter how small they may
seem. Guide the children to learn to be
responsible even as they experience life in all its
shades. Keep them on the right path from the
start. Encourage children to aim high and excel. ”
HM the 5th King, 2013 in Paro

Short History of Positive Discipline
Growing recognition of the harmful effects of corporal punishment led
to the development of positive discipline strategies.
Endorsed by organizations such as the American Academy of
Pediatrics and UNICEF (Sege & Siegel, 2018).
Based on the work of Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs, who

emphasized the importance of respect and social interest in child-
rearing (Positive Discipline Parenting and Classroom Management
Model).
Jane Nelsen popularized positive discipline through her books and
programs in the late 20th century.
What is Positive Discipline
Positive discipline is an approach to teaching that helps children

succeed, gives them the information they need to learn, and supports
their development. It respects children’s right to healthy development,
protection from violence, and active participation in their learning (Joan
E. Durrant).
Positive Discipline is a program designed to teach young people to

become responsible, respectful and resourceful members of their
communities. (Positive Discipline books by Dr. Jane Nelsen, Lynn Lott)
Core Principles:
- Mutual Respect: Treating children with
respect while maintaining authority.
- Encouragement: Focusing on strengths and
positive behavior.
- Problem-Solving: Teaching children to
think critically and resolve conflicts (Nelsen,
2006).
Advantages/Benefits of Positive Discipline
1. Promotes Self-Esteem: Encourages children to develop a
positive self-concept.
2. Builds Responsibility: Teaches accountability and self-
regulation.
3. Enhances Relationships: Strengthens bonds between children
and adults through respectful communication (Nelsen, 2006).
4. Improves Emotional Regulation: it helps students develop
healthy ways to manage their emotions.
5. Enhances Cooperation and Collaboration: it encourages a
sense of community and peaceful conflict resolution.
6. Reduces Disruptive Behavior:

Positive discipline decreases disruptive behavior by setting clear
expectations and focusing on solutions.
7. Improves Academic Achievement:

Positive discipline creates a positive learning environment,
enhancing student engagement and retention.
Methods and Ways to Maintain Positive Discipline
- Setting Clear Expectations: Clearly define rules and
consequences.
- Consistent Routines: Establish and maintain daily routines to
provide structure.
- Positive Reinforcement: Reward desirable behavior to
encourage repetition.
- Effective Communication: Use active listening and "I" statements
to express feelings and expectations.
- Time-In: Spend time with the child to understand their feelings
and needs, rather than isolating them through time-out (Nelsen,
2006).
- Classroom Meetings: Encourage student participation in
creating rules and solving problems.
- Modeling Behavior: Demonstrate the behavior you
expect from children.
- Natural Consequences: Allow children to experience the
natural outcomes of their actions in a safe environment.
- Encouragement Over Praise: Focus on effort and
improvement rather than just success (Nelsen, 2006).
Driglam Namzha, Value Education and Counselling
Challenges of Maintaining Positive Discipline
1. Knowledge and Training: One significant challenge is ensuring that
educators and parents have adequate knowledge and training in positive
discipline techniques (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016).
2. Consistency: Inconsistent application can confuse children and undermine

the effectiveness of disciplinary measures (Smith et al., 2020).
3. Individual needs: Tailoring positive discipline to meet individual needs can

be difficult, especially in classrooms with large student-to-teacher ratios
(Bear, 2015).
4. Behavioral Issues: Managing children with behavioral issues, such as ADHD

or autism, poses additional challenges.
5. Cultural Factors: Cultural differences in parenting and educational
practices can affect the implementation of positive discipline. What is
considered appropriate discipline in one culture may not be viewed the
same way in another, leading to conflicts and misunderstandings
(Lansford et al., 2014).
6. Socioeconomic Factors: Limited resources, high stress levels, and

other socioeconomic pressures can hinder the consistent application
of positive discipline strategies (Evans et al., 2012).
7. External Influences: External factors, such as media exposure and

peer influence, can undermine positive discipline efforts. Children are
often exposed to aggressive behaviors through various media, which
can conflict with the values of positive discipline being taught at home
or in school (Anderson et al., 2017).
“Where did we ever get the crazy idea that in
order to make a child do better, first we have to
make them feel worse”. - Jane Nelsen
“Children do better when they
feel better!”
Conclusion
Positive discipline offers a respectful, effective alternative to
corporal punishment, fostering self-discipline, responsibility,
and strong relationships.
-Educators and parents should adopt positive discipline
techniques to promote healthier, more supportive
environments for children.
References
Durrant, J. E. (2010). Positive Discipline in Everyday Teaching . SC Sweden Southeast Asia and
the Pacific Regional Office.
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal Punishment by Parents and Associated Child Behaviors and
Experiences: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-
579.
Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies
and New Meta-Analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453-469.
Nelsen, J. (2006). Positive Discipline. Ballantine Books.
Norbu, T. (2021). Effective School Discipline Practices of Some Primary Schools in Pema
Gatshel Dzongkhag. Journal of Humanities and Education Development.
Sege, R. D., & Siegel, B. S. (2018). Effective Discipline to Raise Healthy Children. Pediatrics,
142(6), e20183112.
“Positive Discipline Association - Home.” Www.positivediscipline.org,

www.positivediscipline.org. Accessed 20 May 2024.
Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E. (2017). Violent Video Game Effects on Children and
Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
Bear, G. G. (2015). Preventive and Classroom-Based Strategies. In School Discipline and Self-
Discipline (pp. 31-60). Routledge.
DuPaul, G. J., Weyandt, L. L., & Janusis, G. M. (2011). ADHD in the Classroom: Effective Intervention
Strategies. Theory Into Practice, 50(1), 35-42.
Evans, G. W., Li, D., & Whipple, S. S. (2012). Cumulative Risk and Child Development. Psychological
Bulletin, 138(6), 1342-1396.
Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies and
New Meta-Analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453-469.
Lansford, J. E., Deater-Deckard, K., & Bornstein, M. H. (2014). Handbook of Parenting: Social
Conditions and Applied Parenting. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Smith, S. R., Doucet, F., & Pivnick, L. (2020). Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management:
Developing Teacher Candidates’ Positively Based Approach to Supporting Student Behavior.
Journal of Teacher Education, 71(1), 21-33.
Presented by: Group 2
Tashi Wangchuk
Tashi Choden
Tshering Choki
Sonam Choki
Shudan Rai
The End!
Thank you all!

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POSITIVE

1. Concepts on corporal punishment

1. Corporal punishment has

2. Corporal punishment has

HM the 5th King, 2013 in Paro

Based on the work of Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs, who

Positive discipline is an approach to teaching that helps children

Positive Discipline is a program designed to teach young people to

6. Reduces Disruptive Behavior:

7. Improves Academic Achievement:

2. Consistency: Inconsistent application can confuse children and undermine

3. Individual needs: Tailoring positive discipline to meet individual needs can

4. Behavioral Issues: Managing children with behavioral issues, such as ADHD

6. Socioeconomic Factors: Limited resources, high stress levels, and

7. External Influences: External factors, such as media exposure and

“Positive Discipline Association - Home.” Www.positivediscipline.org,

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