DATA TYPES:

1. Printing the square

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter the size of the square:");
int size = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int area = size * size;
Console.WriteLine("The area of the square is: " + area);
}
}
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2.Create a console application that finds number of digits and alphabets
in a given string

using System;
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter a string:");
string input = Console.ReadLine();
int digitCount = 0;
int alphabetCount = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)

{
char ch = input[i];
if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
{
digitCount++;
}
else if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <=
'Z'))
{
alphabetCount++;
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Number of digits: " + digitCount);
Console.WriteLine("Number of alphabets: " + alphabetCount);
}
}
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3:Create a console application that accepts a string and increments each
character in the string by 1 and toggle all characters in the new string
to UPPER CASE or LOWER CASE

using System;

class Program
{
 static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("enter the input string");
string inputString =Console.ReadLine();
string increasedString = IncreaseCharacters(inputString);
string toggledString = ToggleCase(increasedString);
Console.WriteLine("After toggling case: " + toggledString);
}
static string IncreaseCharacters(string str)
{
char[] chars = str.ToCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < chars.Length; i++)
{
chars[i]++;
}
return new string(chars);
}
static string ToggleCase(string str)
{
char[] chars = str.ToCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < chars.Length; i++)
{
if (chars[i] >= 65 && chars[i] <= 90)
{
chars[i] = (char)(chars[i] + 32);

}
else
{
chars[i] = (char)(chars[i] - 32);
}
}
return new string(chars);
}
}
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4. Various string operations

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter a string:");
string input = Console.ReadLine();

// Printing the string in reverse order

char[] charArray = input.ToCharArray();
Array.Reverse(charArray);
string reversedString = new string(charArray);
Console.WriteLine("Reversed string: " + reversedString);

// substring from pos 2 to the end

string substring = input.Substring(1);
Console.WriteLine("Substring from 2nd position: " + substring);
 // replacing given char with $
Console.WriteLine("Enter a character to replace:");
char charToReplace = Console.ReadLine()[0];
string replacedString = input.Replace(charToReplace, '$');
Console.WriteLine("String after replacement: " + replacedString);

// copying and modifying

string copiedString = input;
string modifiedString = copiedString + " - Modified";
Console.WriteLine("Original string: " + copiedString);
Console.WriteLine("Modified string: " + modifiedString);
}
}
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OPERATORS

1. Post and pre increment

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{

int num1 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

int num2 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

//1 assigning to num2 by pre-incrementing num1

num2 = ++num1;
Console.WriteLine("After pre-incrementing num1 and assigning to
num2:");
Console.WriteLine("num1: " + num1);
Console.WriteLine("num2: " + num2);

num1 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
num2 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

//2 post-incrementing num1

num2 = num1++;
Console.WriteLine("After post-incrementing num1 and assigning to
num2:");
Console.WriteLine("num1: " + num1);
Console.WriteLine("num2: " + num2);

//3 Swapping
int temp = num1;
num1 = num2;
num2 = temp;
Console.WriteLine("After swapping ");
Console.WriteLine("num1: " + num1);
Console.WriteLine("num2: " + num2);
}
}
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CONTROL STATEMENTS:

1.Write a program which asks the user for his login and password. Both
must be strings. After 3 wrong attempts, the user will be rejected.

using System;
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
string correctLogin = "user";
string correctPassword = "password";
int attempts = 0;
Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the login system!");
while (attempts < 3)
{
Console.Write("Enter your login: ");
string login = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter your password: ");
string password = Console.ReadLine();
if (login == correctLogin && password == correctPassword)
{
Console.WriteLine("Login successful!");
break; // Exit the loop if login is successful
}
else
{
attempts++;
Console.WriteLine($"Invalid login or password. Attempts
left: {3 - attempts}");
}
}
if (attempts >= 3)
{
Console.WriteLine("Login attempts exceeded. Access denied.");
}
}
}
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2. 2nd numbers position in 1st number

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string num1Str = Console.ReadLine();
string num2Str = Console.ReadLine();

int position = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < num1Str.Length; i++)

{
if (num1Str[i].ToString() == num2Str)
{
 position = num1Str.Length - i;
break;
}
}

if (position == -1)
{
Console.WriteLine("2nd number is not found ");
}
else
{
switch (position)
{
case 1:
Console.WriteLine("unit's place.");
break;
case 2:
Console.WriteLine("ten's place");
break;
case 3:
Console.WriteLine(" hundred's place ");
break;
case 4:
Console.WriteLine("thousand's place");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("beyond thousand's place");
break;
}
}
}
}
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ARRAYS:

1 NO OF ELEMETNS
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };

int count = 0;
try
{
while (true)
{
int element = array[count];
count++;
}
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{

}
 Console.WriteLine($"Number of elements in the array: {count}");
}
}
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2. Operations on arrays:

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
const int size = 10;
int[] array = new int[size];

Console.WriteLine("Enter 10 integers:");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{
array[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
}

PrintDescending(array);
FindMinMax(array);
CalculateSum(array);
}

static void PrintDescending(int[] array)

{
int[] sortedArray = new int[array.Length];
Array.Copy(array, sortedArray, array.Length);

Array.Sort(sortedArray);
Array.Reverse(sortedArray);

Console.WriteLine("Elements in descending order:");

foreach (int num in sortedArray)
{
Console.Write(num + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}

static void FindMinMax(int[] array)

{
int min = array[0];
int max = array[0];

foreach (int num in array)

{
if (num < min)
{
min = num;
}
 if (num > max)
{
max = num;
}
}

Console.WriteLine("Min value: " + min);

Console.WriteLine("Max value: " + max);
}

static void CalculateSum(int[] array)

{
int sum = 0;

foreach (int num in array)

{
sum += num;
}

Console.WriteLine("Sum of all numbers: " + sum);

}
}
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METHODS AND PROPERTIES

1. Employee info

using System;

public class Employee

{

public string EmployeeName { get; set; }

public decimal BasicSalary { get; set; }
public decimal HRA { get; private set; }
public decimal DA { get; private set; }
public decimal TAX { get; private set; }
public decimal GrossPay { get; private set; }
public decimal NetSalary { get; private set; }

public Employee(string employeeName, decimal basicSalary)

{
EmployeeName = employeeName;
BasicSalary = basicSalary;
}

public void CalculateNetPay()

{
HRA = BasicSalary * 0.15M;
DA = BasicSalary * 0.10M;
GrossPay = BasicSalary + HRA + DA;
TAX = GrossPay * 0.08M;
NetSalary = GrossPay - TAX;
}
 public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Employee Name: {EmployeeName}");
Console.WriteLine($"Basic Salary: {BasicSalary:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"HRA: {HRA:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"DA: {DA:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"Gross Pay: {GrossPay:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"TAX: {TAX:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"Net Salary: {NetSalary:C}");
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Employee employee = new Employee("CVR Employee", 96996M);
employee.CalculateNetPay();
employee.Display();
}
}

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2. Stock class

using System;

public class Stock

{
public string StockName { get; set; }
public string StockSymbol { get; set; }
public double PreviousClosingPrice { get; set; }
public double CurrentClosingPrice { get; set; }

public Stock(string stockName, string stockSymbol, double

previousClosingPrice, double currentClosingPrice)
{
StockName = stockName;
StockSymbol = stockSymbol;
PreviousClosingPrice = previousClosingPrice;
CurrentClosingPrice = currentClosingPrice;
}

public double GetChangePercentage()

{
return ((CurrentClosingPrice - PreviousClosingPrice) /
PreviousClosingPrice) * 100;
}

public void Display()

{
Console.WriteLine($"Stock Name: {StockName}");
Console.WriteLine($"Stock Symbol: {StockSymbol}");
 Console.WriteLine($"Previous Closing Price:
{PreviousClosingPrice:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"Current Closing Price:
{CurrentClosingPrice:C}");
Console.WriteLine($"Change Percentage:
{GetChangePercentage():F2}%");
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
try
{
Stock stock = new Stock("CVR Stockk", "AAPL", 150.00,
155.00);
stock.Display();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}");
}
}
}

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3. Random Helper

using System;

public static class RandomHelper

{
private static readonly Random random = new Random();

public static int RandInt(int min, int max)

{
return random.Next(min, max + 1);
}

public static double RandDouble(int min, int max)

{
return min + (random.NextDouble() * (max - min));
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{

int randomInt = RandomHelper.RandInt(1, 10);

 double randomDouble = RandomHelper.RandDouble(1, 10);

Console.WriteLine($"Random Integer between 1 and 10 (inclusive):

{randomInt}");
Console.WriteLine($"Random Double between 1 and 10 (1 <= x < 10):
{randomDouble:F2}");
}
}
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1. Inheritances, covering all the asked implementations.

using System;

public interface IPayable

{
void CalculatePay();
}

class Person
{
private string FirstName;
private string LastName;
private string EmailAddress;
private DateTime DateOfBirth;

public Person(string firstName, string lastName, string email,

DateTime dateOfBirth)
{
FirstName = firstName;
LastName = lastName;
EmailAddress = email;
DateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
}

public bool IsAdult => (DateTime.Today.Year - DateOfBirth.Year) >=

18;

public string SunSign

{
get
{
DateTime birthdayThisYear = new DateTime(DateTime.Today.Year,
DateOfBirth.Month, DateOfBirth.Day);
DateTime nextBirthday = birthdayThisYear > DateTime.Today ?
birthdayThisYear : birthdayThisYear.AddYears(1);
switch (DateOfBirth.Month)
{
case 1:
return DateOfBirth.Day <= 19 ? "Capricorn" :
"Aquarius";
// other cases with the western horoscopic signs.
default:
return "";
}
}
 }

public bool IsBirthDay => DateOfBirth.Month == DateTime.Today.Month

&& DateOfBirth.Day == DateTime.Today.Day;

public string ScreenName

{
get
{
string month = DateOfBirth.Month.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
string day = DateOfBirth.Day.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
string year = DateOfBirth.Year.ToString().Substring(2, 2);
string initials = (FirstName.Substring(0, 1) +
LastName.Substring(0, 1)).ToLower();
return initials + month + day + year;
}
}
}

class Employee : Person

{
public Employee(string firstName, string lastName, string email,
DateTime dateOfBirth)
: base(firstName, lastName, email, dateOfBirth)
{
}
}

class HourlyEmployee : Employee, IPayable

{
public double HoursWorked { get; set; }
public double PayPerHour { get; set; }
public double TotalPay { get; set; }

public HourlyEmployee(string firstName, string lastName, string

email, DateTime dateOfBirth, double hoursWorked, double payPerHour)
: base(firstName, lastName, email, dateOfBirth)
{
HoursWorked = hoursWorked;
PayPerHour = payPerHour;
}

public void CalculatePay()

{
TotalPay = HoursWorked * PayPerHour;
}
}

class PermanentEmployee : Employee, IPayable

{
public double HRA { get; set; }
public double DA { get; set; }
public double Tax { get; set; }
public double NetPay { get; set; }
public double TotalPay { get; set; }
 public PermanentEmployee(string firstName, string lastName, string
email, DateTime dateOfBirth, double hra, double da, double tax)
: base(firstName, lastName, email, dateOfBirth)
{
HRA = hra;
DA = da;
Tax = tax;
}

public void CalculatePay()

{
TotalPay = HRA + DA - Tax;
NetPay = TotalPay - Tax; // Assuming tax deduction from total pay
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{

HourlyEmployee hourlyEmp = new HourlyEmployee("CVR", "Ok",

"WiproCvr@cvr.com", new DateTime(1990, 5, 15), 40, 25);
hourlyEmp.CalculatePay();
Console.WriteLine($"Hourly Employee Total Pay:
{hourlyEmp.TotalPay}");

PermanentEmployee permEmp = new PermanentEmployee("CVR22222",

"Ok2", "WiproCvr@cvr.com", new DateTime(1985, 8, 10), 2000, 1500, 500);
permEmp.CalculatePay();
Console.WriteLine($"Permanent Employee Total Pay:
{permEmp.TotalPay}");
Console.WriteLine($"Permanent Employee Net Pay:
{permEmp.NetPay}");
}
}
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POLYMORPHISM:

1. Function overloading to calc. area:

using System;

class Shape
{

public double Area(double radius)

{
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}

public double Area(double base, double height)

{
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
 public double Area(double length, double width)
{
return length * width;
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Shape shape = new Shape();

double circleArea = shape.Area(5);

Console.WriteLine($"Area of Circle: {circleArea}");

double triangleArea = shape.Area(4, 6);

Console.WriteLine($"Area of Triangle: {triangleArea}");

double rectangleArea = shape.Area(7, 3);

Console.WriteLine($"Area of Rectangle: {rectangleArea}");
}
}
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FILE HANDLING:

1 using System;
using System.IO;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
try
{

string filePath = "testfile.txt";

Console.WriteLine("Enter content:");
string content = Console.ReadLine();

using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filePath))

{
writer.WriteLine(content);
}

Console.WriteLine("file created");

Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");

Console.ReadKey();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"An error occurred: {ex.Message}");
}
 }
}
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