Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Institute Of Science & Technology

A Project Report On

ONLINE BOOK STORE

Submitted To
Department of CSIT

Sagarmatha College Of Science &

Technology

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor

of science in Computer and Information Technology.

Submitted By
Aditya Shrestha [5-2-1180-35-2020]

July, 2024

Under the Supervision of

Manish Aryal
Lecturer
 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Institute Of Science & Technology
Sagarmatha College Of Science & Technology

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION

I hereby recommend that this project prepared under my supervision by Aditya Shrestha
entitled “ONLINE BOOK STORE” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information
Technology(BSc.CSIT) is recommended for the final evaluation.

Manish Aryal
Project Supervisor
Sagarmatha College of Science and Technology
Sanepa,Lalitpur

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 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Institute Of Science & Technology
Sagarmatha College of Science & Technology

LETTER OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that this project prepared by Aditya Shrestha entitled “ONLINE BOOK
STORE” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Computer Science and Information Technology(BSc.CSIT) has been evaluated. In our
opinion it is satisfactory in the scope and quality as a project for the required degree.

Manish Aryal Bishnu Khadka

Supervisor Coordinator
Sagarmatha College Of Sagarmatha College Of Science &
Science & Technology Technology

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Sagarmatha College of Tribhuvan University
Science & Technology

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final outcomes of this project requires a lot of guidance and assistance
from many people and am very fortunate to have this all along the completion of this
project. I would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave us the
possibility to complete this project. I am very glad to express my deepest sense of
gratitude and sincere thanks to my supervisor Manish Aryal.

I am also thankful to Mr.Pratik Timalsina, HOD, Sagarmatha College of Science &

Technology and Mrs. Dakshina Shrestha, Principal, Sagamatha College for encouraging
and guiding throughout the completion of this project. All useful suggestions for this
whole work and co-operative behaviour are sincerely acknowledged.

Last but not the least, many thanks go to all teachers, friends, guardians who directly or
indirectly helped in achieving the goal. I would like to appreciate all the guidance and
support, which helped in completion of this project. Special thanks to their comment and
advices.

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 ABSTRACT

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and
services over the internet. An Online Book Store (OBS) is web-based application that is
built to sell books online. It enables customer to buy books conveniently. And also assist
store owner to manage data of books and sales efficiently.

It is very time consuming and inconvenient in many ways for the customer to visit
physical store and buy books. And also, for the store owner it is a very complex task to
manage and organize all the data and information manually. Loss of data, lots of human
errors, data misplacement, slow retrieval of data etc. exist in manual system. Thus, the
process of handling a data and information manually is very troublesome and clumsy.

This Online Book Store provides wide selection of books in the website and enables
customer to buy their choice of books online. It saves both time and labour for the
customer. Also, it enables store owner to manage important data, generate sales report,
handle information efficiently. This OBS’s design is very simple, easy to use and also
reliable. It reduces the workload of management as most of the manual work done is
reduced. It saves a lot of time and effort.

Keywords: Online Book Store, book sales, order management, shopping cart

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... II

LETTER OF APPROVAL ............................................................................................. III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................IV

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... V

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................VIII

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... X

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Objectives……………………………………………………………………………1

1.4 Scope and Limitation………………………………………………………………1

Scope…………………………………………………………………………..1

Limitation………………………………………………………………………1

1.5 Development Methodologies……………………………………………………….2

1.6 Report Organization.................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW…………..4

2.1 Background Study…………………………………………………………………...4

2.2 Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS……………………………………………………6

3.1 System Analysis……………………………………………………………………..6

3.1.1 Requirement Analysis…………………………………………………………..7

3.1.2. Feasibility Analysis…………………………………………………………….9

3.1.3 Data modelling using ER Diagram…………………………………………….10

3.1.4 Process modeling using DFD………………………………………………….11

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN……………………………………………………13

4.1. Architectural Design…………………………………………………………….13

4.2. Database Design………………………………………………………………..14

CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING………………………………15

5.1 Implementation…………………………………………………………………….15

5.1.1Tools Used……………………………………………………………………15

5.1.2 Implementation details of modules…………………………………………..16

5.2 Testing…………………………………………………………………………….16
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Agile model.......................................................................................................... 2

Figure 2. Use Case Diagram ............................................................................................. 7

Figure 2. ER Diagram ....................................................................................................... 10

Figure 4. Context Diagram ................................................................................................ 11
Figure 5. Level 1 DFD ...................................................................................................... 12
Figure 6. Architectural Diagram ....................................................................................... 13
Figure 7. Database Design ................................................................................................ 14

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ER Entity Relationship

HTML HyperText Markup Language

IDE Integrated Development Environment

JS JavaScript

OBS Online Book Store

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

TC Id Test Case Id

UI User Interface

x
1
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Introduction

Welcome to the Online Book Store project, where we've crafted a solution to modernize
the way books are bought and sold. Say goodbye to manual hassles and hello to a smoother,
user-friendly experience. Our software is designed to simplify operations, minimize
inaccuracies, and make buying books online a breeze for everyone, regardless of technical
expertise.

In today's digital age, online shopping has become the norm, and our Online Book Store
is here to make sure you can find and purchase your favorite reads with ease. With a wide
selection, great prices, and personalized recommendations, we're bringing the bookstore
to your fingertips. Plus, enjoy the convenience of shopping anytime, anywhere, and having
your books delivered right to your door. Join us as we embark on a journey to make buying
books more convenient and enjoyable than ever before.

1.2. Problem Statement

• Traditional booksellers have limited space and are unable to stock all of the books
customers would like to buy. As a result, customers have a limited variety of books to
choose from.
• Physical bookstores need to have a physical location, which may be expensive to rent.
Also, has higher overhead cost.
• Traditional stores rely on human record keeping.
• Lack of convenience for customers who may have to travel long distances or have busy
schedules

1.3. Objectives

• To make a user-friendly online platform where customers can shop for books of their
choice in their comfort.
• To create an online book store that allows users to purchase a book based on title,
author, and subject.
• To manage/retrieve required information faster and more efficiently.
• To provide a wide variety of books to the readers.

1.4. Scope and Limitation

Scope

• Allows users to purchase books online.

• Provides a wide range of book selections.
• Facilitates easy management of books and sales records for store owners.
• Offers a user-friendly environment.

Limitations

• Customers must buy books without physically seeing them.

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1.5. Development Methodology

Agile development for our Online Bookstore means working in small, flexible steps. We plan
what we want to achieve, like making it easy for people to buy books online. Then, we break
tasks into small chunks and focus on what's most important first. We design, build, and test as
we go, making improvements along the way based on feedback. This approach lets us adapt
quickly to changes and deliver a great online bookstore that meets our customers' needs.

Development Methodology for Online Bookstore Project based on Agile Software

Development includes:

• Planning
• Requirement Analysis
• Design
• Building
• Testing

Planning Requirement Analysis Design

Testing Building

Figure 1: Agile Model

Planning:

• Set project goals, timelines, and milestones.

• Identify stakeholders and gather requirements.
• Form the development team and assign roles.

Requirement Analysis:

• Understand user needs through interviews and feedback.

• Prioritize requirements and create a product backlog.
• Refine requirements with stakeholder input.

Design:

• Create visual designs and database structure.

• Plan system architecture for scalability.
• Iterate designs based on feedback.

Building:

• Develop features incrementally based on priority.

• Break tasks into smaller chunks for sprints.
• Collaborate closely within the team.

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 Testing:

• Test components, integration, and user acceptance.

• Use automation for regression testing.
• Iterate based on testing feedback.

1.6. Report Organization

Altogether this project is organized into six different chapters, each representing different
development phases of the project. The chapters can be discussed briefly as follows:

❖ Chapter 1: Introduces the Online Book Store project, aimed at modernizing book
buying through an efficient online platform. It identifies key issues with traditional
bookstores and outlines project objectives, including user-friendly interface creation
and diverse book offerings. The chapter also discusses project scope and limitations,
highlights Agile methodology adoption for iterative development, and outlines the
report's organizational structure.

❖ Chapter 2: The second chapter covers background study and the literature review of
the project.

❖ Chapter 3: The third chapter covers the system analysis of the application.

❖ Chapter 4: The fourth chapter covers the system design phase of the application.

❖ Chapter 5: The fifth chapter discusses the implementation and testing phase of the
application development.

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Chapter 2: Background Study and Literature Review

2.1 Background Study

The advent of the internet has revolutionized consumer behavior, leading to the rise of e-
commerce, particularly in the trading of goods and services online. This transformation has
significantly impacted traditional retail sectors, including the book industry. Online bookstores,
as a subset of e-commerce, have emerged as a pivotal force in modern book retailing. They
offer unparalleled convenience, accessibility, and a diverse range of book selections that
transcend the limitations of traditional brick-and-mortar stores.

The key advantage of online bookstores lies in their ability to provide a seamless shopping
experience. Customers can browse, search for, and purchase books from the comfort of their
homes or on-the-go via mobile devices. This eliminates geographical constraints and the need
to visit multiple physical locations in search of specific titles. For store owners, online platforms
facilitate efficient management of inventory, customer data, and sales records, optimizing
operational efficiency and reducing overhead costs associated with maintaining physical stores.

2.2 Literature Review

The literature on online bookstores underscores their transformative impact on the book
retailing sector. The global e-commerce market's rapid growth has propelled online book sales,
with platforms like Amazon leading the way. These platforms leverage advanced technologies
to personalize user experiences through tailored recommendations and streamlined interfaces,
enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Despite their advantages, online bookstores also face challenges. Privacy concerns related to
the collection and use of customer data, competition from established e-commerce giants, and
the absence of personalized customer interactions typical of traditional bookstores are
noteworthy drawbacks. However, advancements in user interface design, mobile commerce,
and digital marketing strategies have enabled online bookstores to mitigate these challenges to
some extent.

Case Studies of Successful Online Bookstores

i. Amazon
Amazon, the world's largest online retailer, offers an extensive range of goods,
prominently featuring books through its e-catalog. Their book section includes a wide
selection of both physical and digital books, complemented by personalized
recommendations and customer reviews. Amazon is renowned for its fast delivery and
excellent customer service, leveraging big data and analytics to enhance user
experience, a strategy highly regarded by industry experts.

ii. Book Depository

Book Depository is a UK-based online bookstore offering a diverse range of
books by various authors and categories. One of its unique features is free worldwide
delivery with no minimum purchase required. It provides a range of shipping options,

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 including express delivery for an additional fee. The platform also offers 24/7 customer
support, a user-friendly return policy, and digital services like e-books and audiobooks.

iii. BooksMandala
BooksMandala is an online bookstore based in Pokhara, Nepal, aiming to build
Nepal's greatest community of book readers. It offers a range of Nepali and English
books through a user-friendly interface and an efficient delivery system. Customers can
locate books by title, author, or keyword within seconds. The website offers
descriptions, restock alerts, book requests, and pre-order options for unavailable books.
They deliver to major cities in Nepal and overseas.
iv. Thuprai
Thuprai is a digital platform for arts and literature, offering a wide range of
physical books, e-books, and audiobooks. It was launched in February 2019 as an e-
commerce platform for selling physical books and quickly became prominent in Nepal's
online book market. In April 2020, Thuprai introduced an e-book platform, facilitating
access to books from major publishers in Nepal. Thuprai continuously adds new titles
as e-books and audiobooks, available through Android and iOS apps.

The integration of insights from successful online bookstores like BooksMandala, Amazon,
Thuprai, and Book Depository provides valuable lessons for the development of a new
Online Book Store project. Prioritizing user experience, leveraging data-driven insights for
personalized marketing, and addressing privacy concerns are critical considerations. By
adopting best practices from established players and focusing on technological innovation
and customer-centricity, the Online Book Store project aims to meet the evolving demands
of modern readers and achieve sustainable growth in the competitive e-commerce landscape.

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Chapter 3: System Analysis

3.1 System Analysis

The Online Book Store is meticulously designed to address user requirements and ensure a
seamless user experience. The system development will utilize HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP,
and MySQL, providing a robust and user-friendly platform.

Key features of the system include:

Book Management:
➢ Comprehensive management of book details such as title, author, genre, and
availability.
➢ Easy addition, modification, and deletion of book records.
Customer Management:
➢ Efficient handling of customer information including registration details, order history,
and contact information.
➢ Ensures personalized service and smooth transaction processing.
Search and Filter:
➢ Advanced search and filter options to help customers find books quickly and easily.
➢ Users can search by title, author, genre, or keywords, and apply filters to narrow down
results.
Order Management:
➢ Streamlined process for placing and tracking orders.
➢ Customers can view order status, track deliveries, and receive notifications about their
purchases.
User-Friendly Interface:
➢ A clean, intuitive interface that enhances the shopping experience.
➢ Easy navigation and clear categorization of books make it simple for users to browse
and purchase.
Stock Management:
➢ Real-time tracking of book inventory to monitor stock levels and manage reorders
effectively.
➢ Minimizes the risk of stockouts and ensures a wide variety of books are available to
customers.
Reviews and Ratings:
➢ Allows customers to leave reviews and rate books they have purchased.
➢ Helps other customers make informed decisions based on peer feedback.
Customer Support:
➢ Provides multiple channels for customer support, including live chat, email, and
phone support.
➢ Ensures users can get help quickly and efficiently when needed.
Secure Payment Gateway:
➢ Integrates with secure payment gateways to ensure safe and reliable transactions.
➢ Supports multiple payment options including credit/debit cards, digital wallets, and
bank transfers.
Responsive Design:
➢ Ensures the online bookstore is accessible and functional on various devices,
including desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
➢ Provides a consistent user experience across different screen sizes.

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 3.1.1. Requirement Analysis
For the Online Book Store system, both functional and non-functional requirements
are considered to ensure the system meets user needs and performs effectively.

i)Functional Requirement

Figure 2: Use Case Diagram

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 The Online Book Store system will implement role-based access control to ensure secure
and authorized access for different types of users.

Admin Requirements

Authentication and Access Control:

➢ Admin users must authenticate with secure credentials before accessing the
system.
➢ Upon successful login, admins will have access to an admin dashboard for
system management.

Admin Dashboard Functionalities:

▪ Book Management: Admins can add, update, or delete books and manage book
categories.
▪ Stock Management: Admins can oversee and adjust book inventory levels.
▪ Order Management: Admins have the authority to manage customer orders.
▪ Customer Management: Admins can view and update customer details as
needed.
▪ Sales Report: Admins can generate and view reports on sales performance.
▪ Promotions and Discounts: Admins can create and manage promotional offers
and discounts on books.

Customer Requirements

Authentication and Registration:

➢ Customers must register and log in to access full system functionalities.
➢ Unauthenticated users can browse books but cannot place orders.

Customer Functionalities:
▪ Book Browsing: Customers can search, filter, and view books available on the
website.
▪ Cart Management: Customers can add books to their cart for future purchase.
▪ Order Tracking: Customers can view their order history and track current
orders.
▪ Wishlist Management: Customers can add books to their wishlist for later
purchase consideration.
▪ Review and Feedback: Customers can provide reviews and ratings for books
they have purchased.
▪ Recommendations: The system provides personalized book recommendations
based on customer browsing and purchase history.
▪ Multi-Language Support: Customers can view the website and interact with
the system in their preferred language.
▪ Social Media Integration: Customers can share book recommendations and
purchases on social media platforms.
▪ Interactive Book Previews: Customers can preview excerpts of books before
making a purchase decision.

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 ii) Non-functional Requirements
Security:
➢ Access requires authentication via a secure username and password
system.
➢ Sensitive data (e.g., passwords, payment info) will be encrypted.
Usability:
➢ User interface designed for ease of use and intuitive navigation.
➢ Accessibility standards adhered to for all user types.
Accuracy:
➢ Data integrity ensured with accurate and consistent information.
➢ Regular validation checks for data reliability.
Availability:
➢ High system availability with minimal downtime.
➢ Redundant servers and failover mechanisms implemented.
Maintainability:
➢ Modular architecture for easy maintenance and scalability.
➢ Comprehensive documentation to support updates and new features.
Performance:
➢ Optimal performance under normal and peak loads.
➢ Efficient response times for critical functions.
Scalability:
➢ Scalable infrastructure to accommodate future growth.
➢ Utilization of cloud-based solutions and scalable databases.
Reliability:
➢ Reliable system operation to minimize errors and failures.
➢ Automated backup and recovery procedures for data integrity.

3.1.2 Feasibility Analysis

Feasibility analysis is crucial for evaluating the viability of the Online Book Store
project across technical, operational, economic, and schedule dimensions.

i. Technical Feasibility
The project is technically feasible with readily available resources for development and
maintenance, ensuring smooth implementation.

ii. Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility is high, as the system is designed to be user-friendly and
accessible with basic computer and internet literacy.

iii. Economic Feasibility

Economically, the project is feasible with minimal costs for sellers and users, making it
financially viable and attractive.

iv. Schedule Feasibility

Adopting Agile methodology ensures schedule feasibility, allowing for flexibility in
project management and timely delivery of milestones.

This comprehensive feasibility analysis assures that the Online Book Store project is
well-prepared to succeed, meeting the needs of users and stakeholders effectively.

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 3.1.3. Data modelling using ER Diagrams

Figure 3: ER Diagram

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 3.1.4.Process modeling using DFD

Process modeling is the graphical representation of processes or actions that capture,

manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment, as well as
among the components within a system.

Various tools exist for process modeling, but we will focus exclusively on data flow
diagrams (DFDs) due to their effectiveness in this context. DFDs are structured analysis
techniques that are widely used to enhance productivity in software development.

Level 0 DFD

Also known as context diagrams, these are the most fundamental type of
data flow diagrams. They provide an overall view with minimal detail. Level 0 data
flow diagrams illustrate a single process and its interactions with external entities.

Level 1 DFD

Level 1 data flow diagrams offer more detail than context diagrams. In
this level, the context diagram is decomposed into multiple processes. This
breakdown highlights the main functions of the system and subdivides the high-
level process of the Level 0 DFD into sub-processes.

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Chapter 4: System Design

4.1. Architectural Diagram

An architectural diagram is a visual representation that outlines the physical

implementation of the components of a software system. The architecture of the
application is depicted below in the following figure:

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 4.2. Database Design

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Chapter 5: Implementation and Testing

5.1 Implementation

5.1.1 Tools Used

This section details the various tools utilized in developing both the frontend and
backend of the Online BookStore project.

i. Frontend

To implement the frontend, we used HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Bootstrap:

➢ HTML: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundational building

block of the web. It defines the structure and meaning of web content, serving as
the standard markup language for documents displayed in web browsers.

➢ CSS: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is the language used to style HTML
documents. It describes how elements should be rendered on various media,
including screens, paper, and speech.

➢ JavaScript: JavaScript (JS) is a lightweight, object-oriented programming

language used for scripting web pages. It is widely employed in both browser
and non-browser environments, such as Node.js, Apache CouchDB, and Adobe
Acrobat.

➢ Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for

developing responsive and mobile-friendly websites, facilitating easier and faster
web development.

ii. Backend and Database

For the backend, we used PHP, and for the database, we utilized MySQL:

➢ PHP: PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open-source scripting

language suited for web development. It can be embedded into HTML and is a
powerful tool for creating dynamic and interactive web pages.

➢ MySQL: MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management

system (RDBMS). It is widely used for developing web-based software
applications.

➢ Additional Tools
▪ Microsoft Word: Used for documentation.
▪ Google Meet: Facilitated communication.
▪ XAMPP: Implemented the project on a local server.
▪ Visual Studio Code: Served as the integrated development environment (IDE).

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 ▪ Diagrams.net: Created various diagrams.

5.1.2 Implementation Details of Modules

The implementation involved creating specific modules to achieve different

functionalities of the Online BookStore:

➢ User Registration and Login: This module focused on creating user-friendly

interfaces for account registration and login. JavaScript was used for client-side
validation, while PHP handled authentication and authorization.

➢ Product Management: In this module, the admin can manage book information.
This includes adding new products, updating details like names and descriptions,
and categorizing items.

➢ Order Management: Admins can manage orders placed by customers,

including changing order status and generating bills.

➢ Report Generation: Admins can generate sales reports as needed.

➢ Order Product: Customers can place orders online and track their order status.

➢ Rating and Review: Customers can write reviews and rate the products they
purchase.

5.2 Testing

Software testing ensures the functionality and correctness of the application.

For the Online BookStore to be deployed, it underwent rigorous testing. Test cases were
written to focus on the system's functionality and security. We tested the application on
various browsers to ensure consistent performance and stability across all major
browsers.

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