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ASSIGNMENT .2
A literature review on climate change typically covers various aspects, including the causes, impacts,
and mitigation strategies. It explores scientific findings, policy developments, and socio-economic
implications. Researchers often analyze studies on rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea
level rise, and biodiversity loss. Additionally, they assess the effectiveness of international
agreements like the Paris Agreement and explore interdisciplinary approaches to address climate
change, incorporating perspectives from science, economics, and social sciences. The literature also
delves into public awareness, adaptation measures, and the role of technology in combating climate
change.
Climate change is primarily caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. The major contributors include:Burning of Fossil Fuels: Combustion of coal, oil, and
natural gas for energy produces carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant greenhouse gas.Deforestation:
Clearing land for agriculture or other purposes reduces the number of trees that can absorb CO2,
contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations.Industrial Processes: Certain industrial
activities release greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), intensifying the
greenhouse effect.Agricultural Practices: Livestock, especially cattle, produce methane during
digestion. Additionally, certain farming practices release nitrous oxide.Waste Management: Landfills
and waste treatment processes release methane as organic waste decomposes
Climate change has widespread and diverse impacts across various sectors, ecosystems, and
communities. Some key impacts include:Rising Temperatures: Increased average temperatures
contribute to heatwaves, affecting human health, agriculture, and ecosystems.Extreme Weather
Events: More frequent and severe events such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and wildfires pose
risks to communities and infrastructure.Sea Level Rise: Melting glaciers and ice caps, along with the
expansion of seawater as it warms, lead to rising sea levels, threatening coastal areas and low-lying
islands.Ocean Acidification: Absorption of excess CO2 by the oceans causes increased acidity,
negatively impacting marine ecosystems and species like coral reefs and shell-forming organisms.
Mitigation strategies aim to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases and thereby
minimize the extent of climate change. Some key mitigation approaches include:Transition to
Renewable Energy: Shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro,
and geothermal power to reduce CO2 emissions from energy production.Energy Efficiency: Improve
energy efficiency in industries, transportation, and buildings to reduce overall energy consumption
and associated greenhouse gas emissions.Reforestation and Afforestation: Planting trees and
restoring forests helps absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, acting as a natural carbon sink.Carbon
Capture and Storage (CCS): Capture CO2 emissions from industrial processes and power plants
before they are released into the atmosphere, and store or utilize the captured carbon.Sustainable
Agriculture: Implement practices that reduce emissions from agriculture, such as precision farming,
improved livestock management, and agro forestry.
A literature mapping for climate change involves systematically categorizing and analyzing existing
research to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in knowledge.
Impacts on Ecosystems:"Climate Change Effects on Coral Reefs: A Comprehensive

Review""Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses to Global Warming: A Meta-analysis"Mitigation
Strategies:"Assessing the Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Policies in Mitigating Climate
Change""Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies: Current Developments and Future
Prospects"Adaptation Measures:"Community-based Adaptation to Climate Change: Case Studies
from Vulnerable Regions""Climate-resilient Agriculture Practices: Lessons from Drought-Prone
Areas"Policy and Governance:"Analyzing the Implementation of the Paris Agreement: Challenges
and Opportunities""The Role of International Collaboration in Addressing Climate Change: A Policy
Perspective"Health Impacts:"Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases: A Global Health
Threat""Assessing Heat-Related Mortality in Urban Areas under Climate Change Scenarios"Social and
Economic Dimensions:"Climate Change and Migration Patterns: An Integrated Analysis""Economic
Costs of Climate Change: A Sectoral Assessment"Technology and Innovation:"Emerging Technologies
for Greenhouse Gas Reduction: A Review""Blockchain Applications in Climate Change Governance:
Opportunities and Challenges"
Certainly, there are numerous reputable journals that publish research articles on climate change.
Here are some well-known journals in the field:Nature Climate Change:A monthly journal covering
all aspects of climate change, including its impacts and mitigation strategies.Climate
Change:Published by Springer, this interdisciplinary journal covers research on the scientific,
economic, and policy aspects of climate change.Global Environmental Change:An international
journal that publishes research on the social, economic, and human dimensions of global
environmental change.Journal of Climate:Published by the American Meteorological Society, this
journal focuses on the physics and dynamics of climate.Environmental Research Letters:An open-
access journal covering all areas of environmental science, including climate change
Problem Statement
on Climate Change:Climate change poses a multifaceted and urgent global challenge, impacting
ecosystems, societies, and economies. The rise in greenhouse gas emissions, largely driven by
human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, has led to a discernible increase in
global temperatures. This warming trend contributes to a range of adverse effects, including more
frequent and severe extreme weather events, rising sea levels, disruptions to ecosystems, and
threats to food security.
Research questions on climate change

Impact Assessment:How are specific ecosystems or regions being affected by climate change, and
what are the observed ecological, economic, and social consequences?Vulnerability and
Adaptation:What are the key vulnerabilities of communities to climate change, and what adaptive
strategies can enhance resilience in the face of these challenges?Mitigation Strategies:How effective
are current and proposed mitigation strategies, such as renewable energy adoption or afforestation,
in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change impacts?Policy Effectiveness:To
what extent have international and national climate change policies and agreements, such as the
Paris Agreement, succeeded in driving meaningful action and reducing global emissions?

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Impacts on Ecosystems:"Climate Change Effects on Coral Reefs: A Comprehensive

Research questions on climate change

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