English Notes Class 10th KPK Board

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Notes: English
Class: 10th
Chapters: All
Written By: Ihsan Ullah
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Unit # 1
Simplicity and Humility of
Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)
Q.No 1: What is meant by simplicity and humility?
Ans: Simplicity means to lead a simple life or the freedom from artificial, ornamental,
pretention lifestyle and luxury whereas Humility refers to a modest or low view of one`s
importance. Both these qualities please Almighty ALLAH.
Q.No 2: Describe in a few sentences, the lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad
(S.A.W) in the light of the text that you have read.
Ans: The lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) was very simple and humble. He ate simple
food and wore simple clothes. The mattress on which the Rasool (S.A.W) slept was made of
leather stuffed with the fiber of a date tree. He (S.A.W) avoided an elevated place for himself
in gathering and preferred to work with his own hands.
Q.No 3: How can simplicity and humility do away with the culture of
extravagance and waste?
Ans: The virtue of simplicity and humility can easily do away with the culture of extravagance
and waste simplicity and humility refrain us from unnecessary ostentation, haughtiness,
arrogance, and pride due to which a huge amount of hard-earned resources are squandered.
With simplicity and humility, we can escape those social evils.
Q.No 4: Read the last paragraph of the lesson simplicity and humility of
Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) with comprehension and write down the main
idea and supporting details of the paragraph.
Ans:
The Main Idea:

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The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) led a life of simplicity and humility and it is a perfect
example for us to follow, we need to part ways with social evils. Such as ostentation, arrogance,
and pride to have a happy and successful life both here and in the hereafter.
Q.No 5: How did Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) treat his foster sister?
Ans: The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) used to treat his foster sister with kindness and mercy. On
many occasions, He (S.A.W) used to stand up and spread His own sheet for her.
Unit # 2
The Champions
Q.No 1: What is the significance of the title “The Champion”?
Ans: The title “The Champion” is significant and it perfectly suits the story because the story
deals with a national boxing contest. The lyarite boys are true champions both in boxing and
in true friendship.
Q.No 2: What was the dream of Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher?
Ans: Both Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher had dreams of becoming lightweight boxing champions
of the world someday. To achieve this goal both the boys were trying hard day and night to
achieve their cherished dreams.
Q.No 3: Why was the fight so important for both Ali and Gul Sher?
Ans: The fight was of equal importance for both Ali and Gul because the winner was going
to represent Pakistan in the world lightweight boxing championship. The winner had a chance
to become the world boxing champion which was a cherished dream of them.
Q.No 4: How did the two friends fight? Describe in your own words in five
sentences.
Ans: The two friends fought fiercely. None was giving an inch. Both pounded a barrage of
blows and punches on each other. The crowd thought it to be a fight to the death but this soon
dispelled in the end both of the friends embraced each other.
Q.No 5: Compare and contrast the characters of Ali and Gul.
Ans: Ali and Gul were bosom friends and equally good boxers. Gul was fair, lean lanky, and
a Pashtoon descendant. Ali was shed dark, short, and husky who had black hair in the natural
afro style.

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Q.No 6: Is there any conflict in the story? If yes, describe it in detail.

Ans: Yes, there is conflict in the story. Ali and Gul who were fast friends who qualified for
the final. The winner of the final was going to represent Pakistan in the world lightweight
boxing championship both of them wanted to win the contest, but neither wanted their
friendship to be diminished.
Q.No 7: What was the effect of the fight on the relationship of the two
friends?
Ans: It was feared that the fight would affect their relationship badly but it was soon dispelled
when the two friends embraced each other in the end and they walked together out of the ring
as true friends.
Q.No 8: Keeping in view the relationship of the two friends, is it easy or
harder for them to fight each other? Support your answer by giving
references from the text.
Ans: It was very hard for them to fight before the fight they were restless having terrible nights
on one occasion Gul said. I have been awake at nights pulling punches on you trying not to
hurt you. Ali was also wondering as he said, Man, I don`t know how to come out with it. These
references show that they wondered that the fight would affect their friendship.
Q.No 9: Are you satisfied with the ending. Support your response with
cogent arguments?
Ans: Yes, we are satisfied with the ending of the story. Both the boys fought with their full
effort and energy. Both of them showed good sportsmanship in the ring. The winner is not
announced in the end. They both deserved a prize for showing such good sportsmanship.
Unit # 3
Dreams
Stanza no # 1:
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird

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That cannot fly.

Paraphrasing:
Langston Hughes, a famous African-American poet describes the important of dreams in our
life. The poet in the very first line advises his reader to hold fast to dreams. One must have
dreams, aims and aspiration in life and has to strive hard for achieving them. The metaphors of
broken-winged bird is used for life without dreams are vital and without them life is aimless
and meaningless.
Stanza no # 2:
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Paraphrasing:
Langston Hughes, a famous American poet describes the importance of dreams in our life. The
poet, in the very first line advises his reader to hold fast to dreams. For life without dreams, he
uses the metaphor of barren land which has no crop. A person without dreams is hindered from
productive, motivational and innovative thoughts. It is essential for a meaningful and more
over successful life to hold fast to dreams.
Unit # 4
Population Growth and Its impact on Environment
Q.No 1: Why is there no single and easy solution to the problem of population
growth and its impact on environment?
Ans: There is no single and easy solution to the problem of population growth because it is
the combined product of various causes. We need to take into consideration every option that
can help to solve this problem.
Q.No 2: How is the carrying capacity of earth effected?
Ans: The carrying capacity of earth is effected by over population. Mother earth has limited
resources and it can barely support a population not more than one trillion if the world`s
population exceeds this limit. The result will be chaos and catastrophe.

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Q.No 3: Why does population growth directly affect the environment?

Ans: Population growth directly affects the environment because greater population leads
towards greater consumption of recourses and production of pollutants. Due to greater
consumption, resources are reduced and more waste is produced which adversely affects our
environment.
Q.No 4: Analyze any passage of the text ‘Population growth and its impact
on environment’ and identity key idea and supporting details?
Ans: The first paragraph starts with the sentences ‘population growth has direct impact on
environment’. This is a topic sentence because it contains the key idea and are required to
supporting details.
Q.No 5: Locate an example from the text ‘Population growth and its impact
on environment’ that supports an opinion?
Ans: The following sentences are the examples from the text.
1. Population growth has a direct impact on environment.
2. Deforestation imbalances environment.
3. The impact of these factors is very high on environment.
Q.No 6: Keeping in view the population and the environment of your area,
do you agree or not with the content of the lesson? Support your view with
solid arguments.
Ans: Yes, I agree with the content of the lesson. Several years ago there were more trees in
our area which made it green and beautiful. Those trees have been cut down for making fields
and farms. Now, pollution and congestion are main problems of our area.
Unit # 5
The Great Masjid Of Cordoba And Iqbal
Q.No 1: Where did Abdul Rehman import fruit trees and other plants from?
Why?

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Ans: Abdul Rehman I imported fruit trees and other plants from his former home Damascus
in order to recreates the glory and grandeur of the Umayyad period in his newly established
caliphate in Paris.
Q.No 2: What can we achieve again if we enkindle in ourselves the master
passion (Ishq)?
Ans: If we enkindle the master passion of Ishq in ourselves, we can easily achieve the exalted
state of moral and spiritual character which is the quality of a Mard-e-Momin. This can grant
us the lost glory and grandeur of our past.
Q.No 3: What is the view of Iqbal about the Masjid of Cordoba? Explain his
view in your own words?
Ans: According to Iqbal the great Masjid of Cordoba is a symbol of the Muslim faith and
dominance in Europe. The beautiful and numerous columns of the Masjid recall him the glory
and the grandeur which the Muslims of the past possessed.
Q.No 4: What, in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of Cordoba
to present day Muslims? Explain.
Ans: In my opinion, the great Masjid of Cordoba reminds the Muslims of today of their
glorious past it telephotes us to the time when the Muslims enlightened the darkened Europe
through their knowledge and virtue. We can also achieve that long gone glory if we in a true
sense enkindle the exalted passion of the ishq in ourselves.
Q.No-5: Why did Iqbal greatly appreciate a faraway Masjid in Spain, when
there were superb buildings of the Muslims era in sub-continent?
Ans: Iqbal greatly appreciated a faraway Masjid in Spain in order to remind the Muslims about
their glorious past. The Masjid is a symbol faith, knowledge and great skill to the Muslims of
past. Iqbal wants the Muslim youth to be inspired by it.
Unit # 6
In Spite of War
Stanza no # 1:
In spite of war, in spite of death

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In spite of all man`s suffering

Something with in me laughs and sings
And I must praise with all my breath.
Paraphrasing:
Angela Morgan, an American poetess of twentieth century acquaints her reader with the
brighter side of life. She says that at times of tension, trouble and war, she hears something
inside her soul that sings the song of happiness which provides her with the wealth of pleasure
and she ultimately starts praising it.
Stanza no # 2:
In spite of war, In spite of hate
Lilacs are blooming at hate my gate
Tulips are tripping down the path
In spite of war, in spite of wrath.
Paraphrasing:
Angela Morgan, an American poetess of twentieth century acquaints her reader about the
brighter side of life. She says that even in the war , the beautiful lilacs and the blooming tulips
stumble down the path which enhance the beauty of the spot although environment is polluted
with wrath and war , still the poetess has a ray of happiness in nature.
Stanza no # 3:
‘Courage’! The morning- glory saith;
‘Rejoice’! The daisy murmureth,
And just to line is so divine
When pansies lift their eyes to mine.
Paraphrasing:
Angela Morgan, an American poetess of the twentieth century acquaints her reader with the
brighter side of life. She says that the morning glory gives her the courage to remain happy.
The beautiful daisies murmur to the poetess to rejoice and enjoy life to the fuller extent.
Stanza no # 4:
The clouds are ramping with the sea

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And flashing waves call back to me

That naught is real but what is fair,
That everyone and everywhere
A glory liveth through despair.
Paraphrasing:
brighter side of life. She says that the clouds were romping with the water of sea. Despair and
suffering are commonly found everywhere, but it is reality that mirth is found side by side as
well.
Stanza no # 5:
Though guns may roar and cannons boom
Roses are born and gardens bloom
My spirit still many light its flame
At that same torch when poppies came.
Where morning is altar whitely burns
Lilies may lift their silver urns
In spite of war in spite of shame.
Paraphrasing:
Angela Morgan an American poetess of the twentieth century acquaints her reader with the
brighter side of life. She says that in spite of the heavy cannons and gunfire, beautiful roses are
still born. Fragrant gardens still bloom which provides the poetess with a ray of hope and
happiness.
Stanza no # 6:
And in my ear a whispering breath,
“Wake from the nightmare! Look and see
That life is naught but ecstasy
In spite of war in spite of death!”
Paraphrasing:

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brighter side of life. She says that in spite of suffering, despair and war; her breath still whispers
in her ear to wake up from the frightened nightmare, life has mirth, joys and elations for those
who have the will to seek and achieve them.
Unit # 7
The Aged Mother
Q-1: Why did the farmer decide to take her mother on the summit?
Ans: The farmer decided to take her mother on the summit because he considered it the kindest
mood with which he could kill his aged mother. He was forced to abandon her there in order
to carry out the order of the despotic governor of the province.
Q-2: Why did the son hide his mother in the closet?
Ans: The son hid his mother in the closet because the cruel governor had announced to kill all
the aged people. The farmer wanted to keep her away from the people’s eyes in order to save
her life.
Q-3: What does the proverb “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom
mean”?
Ans: This means that wisdom comes with the passage of time. One learns from mistakes
which makes him experienced and wise.
Q-4: What is the theme of the story “The Aged Mother?”
Ans: The theme of the story “The Aged Mother” is the significance of the aged people. They
may be physically weak, but their experience of life make them wiser than younger people.
Q-5: What is the climax of the story “The Aged Mother?”
Ans: The point when the governor ordered his subjects to present him a rope of ashes is the
climax of the story. The announcement spread distress among the subjects and it was the
farmer’s old mother who found the solution.
Q-6: Why did the farmer disclose his secret?
Ans: The farmer disclose his secret because the governor was insisting to know about the
person who taught them wisdom. It was also safe to reveal the secret because the governor was
in a pleasant mood.

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Q-7: What are the elements of the story “The Aged Mother?”
Ans: The elements of the story “The Aged Mother” are as following:
i) Setting
ii) Ending
iii) Climax
iv) Characters
v) Beginning
vi) Morality
Q-8: What is the setting of the story?
Ans: The setting of the story is as under: A farmer lives with his aged mother at the foot of
the mountain in the remote town of Shinano. The governor is despotic and the days are
barbarous.
Q-9: Why did the leader issue the proclamation?
Ans: The leader issued the proclamation because he had a great and cowardly shrinking from
anything suggestive of failing health and strength. He wanted all the aged people to be perished
from the province.
Q-10: How does the poor youth feel about the proclamation?
Ans: The poor youth thought the proclamation to be very cruel. It filled his heart with sorrow
because he loved his aged mother dearly and did not want to lose her.
Q-11: How does the youth carry out the order?
Ans: The youth carried out the order by following his mother’s advice. He gathered people
who collectively made a rope of ashes by burning twisted straws over a row of smooth stones
in a windless night.
Unit # 8
Women’s Role in Pakistan Movement
Q-1: How did Quaid-e-Azam empower and emancipate the Muslim women
of the subcontinent?
Ans: The Quaid played a vital role in the empowerment and emancipation of the Muslim
women of the subcontinent. He created All India Muslim Women Subcommittee of the Muslim

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league. He stressed on the importance of women in the struggle for freedom for Muslim
women.
Q-2: How did Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia College
mobilize female students?
Ans: Begum Fatima played a key role in mobilizing the female students. She invited the Quaid
to come to address the students of her colleges. The Quaid’s speech has magnificent impact on
the young minds due to which female participation in the movement enhanced.
Q-3: Why did the Quaid stressed the importance of women as equal partners
of men in the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims.
Ans: The Quaid stressed the importance of women as equal partners of men because it was
vital for achieving a separate homeland for Muslims. The Quaid believed that realization of
goals and later on progress was inconceivable without the participation of the women.
Q-4: Describe the role of women in Pakistan movement and their love and
aspirations for the new homeland.
Ans: Women had played an important role in the Pakistan movement. A galaxy of women
appeared in the leadership of Muslim league organizing and mobilizing women workers in the
cities and at district levels. Their demand was a separate homeland for the Muslims of the
subcontinent.
Q-5: Analyze the third paragraph of the lesson “Women’s Role in The
Pakistan Movement” and identify sentences that support the main idea
through cause and effect.
Ans: Main Idea: Patna session in 1931 was an important one for women leaguers in
Pakistan movement.
Supportive Sentences:
a) A galaxy of women emerged in the leadership role of Muslim league.
b) B) Quaid created the All India Muslim Women Subcommittee of the Muslim League.
Q-6: What ideas and issues have been explored in the fifth paragraph of the
text “Women Role in The Pakistan Movement?”
Ans: The issue of the election has been explored in the fifth paragraph of the text. Muslim
League won all the Muslim seats in the provincial elections of Punjab, but was excluded from
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the formation of provincial government. It led to 1946’s massive demonstrations of women
leaguers.
Unit # 9
Equipment
Figure it out Joy yourself, my lad,
You've al that the greatest oj men have had,
Two arms, two hands, two legs, two eyes,
And a brain to use if you would be wise.
With this equipment they all began,
So start for the top and say "can"
Paraphrasing:
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet advises the youth to rise and start for the top
According to him, all the great people were equipped with the same two hands, eyes, feet and
a brain yet they made for the top. The youth is acquainted that he has the same equipment and
can make it for the top.
Look them over, the wise and great,

They take their food from a common plate
And similar knives and forks they use,
With similar laces they tie their shoes,
The world considers them brave and smart
But you've all they had when they made their start.
Paraphrasing:
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet advises the youth to take inspiration from the
wise and great people. He says that all the great men used the knives and forks and ate food
from the common plate. Still the words considers them brave and smart all these great men
were born with no more equipment that very individual is born with.
You can triumph and come to skill,

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Tou can be great j only you will

You're well equipped jor whot fight you choose,
Tou have legs and arms and a Drain to use,
And the man who has risen, great deeds to do
Began his life with no more than you
Paraphrasing:
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet advises the youth to start his straggle and become
great all men that have risen and have great deeds to their names were born with two arms, legs
and a brain. With these equipment’s they all started and achieved great goals. The youth is
remained that success can only be achieved by hard work and strong will.
You are the handicap you must face,

You are the one who must choose your place,
You must say where you want to go.
How much you will study the truth to know
God has equipped you for life,
But He Lets you decide want you want to be
Paraphrasing:
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet says that God has granted every individual with
free will everyone is allowed to decide and it is quite vital to decide wisely as this step leads
towards success and greatness. Human being are free to choose, but it is then who have to face
the conquests as well. Every human being is well-equipped and can become great if we makes
full use of his given faculties.
Courage must come from the soul within,

The man must furnish the will to win,
So figure it out for yourself, my lad,
You were born with all that the great have had,
With your equipment they all began.

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Get hold of yourself, and say: "1 can."

Paraphrasing:
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet says that courage and strong will are vital for
becoming great. Besides physics powers and strengths, all great men had courage and strong
will and this is something that made them great. The young lad is advised to get hold of himself
and say I can do it.
Unit # 10
Water scarcity in Pakistan
Q.No1: What are the main sources of water in Pakistan?
Ans: Pakistan is blessed with various sources of water which are mentioned as under:
 Glacier
 Rainfalls
 Rivers
 Underground water.
Q.No2: What are the river drainage system of Pakistan? Describe them
briefly?
Ans: Pakistan has three important rivers drainage system which are mentioned as under;
The Indus basis river:
It originate in Tibet flows to the west an eventually falls into the Arabian Sea.
Close basin kharan desert:
It consist of areas of mountain basins of Quetta and basins of tributaries draining into kharan
desert its mean sources of water are rainfall and snow.
Makran coastal basin:
Its main source of water is rainfall from the basin; we get 0.78 million acre feet of water.
Q.No3: What are the main causes of water shortage in Pakistan? Discuss in
detail.
Ans: The main causes of water shortage in Pakistan are as under.
a) Over population
b) Construction of dams by Indio

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c) Wastage of water
d) Low water storage capacity
e) Rapid depletion of ground water.
Q.No4: What measures can we take to overcome water shortage in Pakistan?
Ans: We can take the following measures in order to overcome water shortage in Pakistan.
a) Strict implementation of National water policy 2018
b) Construction of water reservoirs.
c) Control on over pumping of underground water and its wastage.
d) Increase the use of water efficient crops.
e) Switch over from conventional agriculture to conservative agriculture.
Q.No5: What can you do on your own to contribute to conservation of water
your home and surrounding?
Ans: We have to take the following measure in order to contribute to the conservation of water
in our home and surrounding.
a) We should repair leaked taps and pipes.
b) We should use water carefully while cooking, breathing or water plants.
c) We should take short showers.
d) We should close the taps soon after use.
Q.No6: What is the importance of building national reservoirs? Can you
point out a spots in your area where small reservoirs can be built to benefit
the local population?
Ans: National reservoirs are considered as the backbone for a country`s agriculture and
economy. These reservoirs provide water for irrigation as well as domestic and commercial
use. A beautiful river of crystal clear water flows in our hometown. The spot is naturally perfect
for building are small reservoir which will benefit the local population and boost life-standard
of the people of the area.

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Unit # 11
Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs)
Q.No1: What is gene and genetics?
Ans:
Gene:
Gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to off springs and held to determine
same characteristics of the off springs.
Genetics:
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in the living organism.
Q.No2: Why is the discovery of gene called a game changes in biological
sciences?
Ans: The discovery of gene is called a game changer in biological science because it brought
a revolution in this field. This discovery opened the doors for newly-developed fields in
agriculture. Genetics is a widespread and important discipline of science today.
Q.No3: What is genetic engineering? What role does genetic engineering
play in producing genetically modified organism?
Ans: Genetic Engineering:
Genetic Engineering is the process of deliberate modification of the characteristics of an
organism directly by transplanting DNA or genes from other organism in its cells.
Q.No4: Name some GMOs are describe their characteristic by showing how
they are different from naturally occurring organisms?
Ans: Starlight Avatar has been developed through the introduction of DNA from luminescent
marine bacteria info the chloroplast gene of common houseplant. This plant is able to light
without the need of stimuli or chemical Anti-biotic resistant tobacco plant is another example
of GMOs. This plant shows resistance again certain types of bacteria.
Q.No5: Write at least two merits and two demerits of GMOs?
Ans:
Merits of GMOs:
1. Increase resistance to disease

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2. Large yield and greater nutrition control.
De Merits of GMOs:
1. The behavior of the altered genes are unpredictable.
2. GMOs may take un-wanted characteristics that can harm our bodies and ecosystem.
Q.No6: What in your opinion will be effects of GMOs on our lives, life-style
and environment in the future?
Ans: GMOs have somehow made our lives easy, but they also hold all sorts of dangerous
repercussions. Due to unpredictability of the behavior, GMOs may become more susceptible
to certain insects or disease. It decrease the crop’s ability to produced vitamin E. Even more
frightening is the Domino effect of the genetically modified food.
Q.No7: Have you ever genetically modified food? Give your suggestion and
solution for the same use of genetically modified foods.
Ans: Yes, I have used genetically modified food. They are safe to eat, but we have to keep
these points in mind. We should eat only those GM foods which come to the market after
passing the standard safety test. GM food that produced anti-biotic resistance should be
avoided.
Unit # 12
They have cut down the pines
They have cut down the pines where they stood,
The wind will miss them____the rain,
When its Silver blind is down.
They have stripped the bark from the wood
The needly boughs, and the brown
Knobby nuts trodden into the ground.
Paraphrasing:
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describe the tragic sight of mutilated, lacerated and
destroyed pine trees in the stanza. The Poetess says that the cruel People have cut down the
pine trees now the heavy rain and fast blowing wind cannot find them in its place earlier, the
fast blowing wind was bowling through them, but now all is finished. The poetess says with

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regret that the wounded lacerated mutilated, alternated and ripped branches of those beautiful
pine tree lay dispersed on the ground.
The kind and friendly trees,
Where all day small winds sound,
And all day long the sun
Plays hide and seek with shadows
Tl the multiplying shadows turn to one
And night is here.
Paraphrasing:
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describes the tragic sight of mutilated, lacerated and
destroyed pine trees in the stanza. The poetess says that these trees were friendly and kind to
us. The wind while passing through the branches of them produced a beautiful and charming
bound. The sun also played hide and seek with the shadow of these beautiful trees. The
multiplying shadow of these beautiful trees. The multiplying shadow used to mingle which
resulted in the falling of the night. In short, the poetess has beautifully drawn the image of day
time and evening in the woods which used to be.
The have cut down the trees and ended now
The gentle colloquy of bough and bough.
They are making a jence by creek,
And have cut down the pines for the posts.
Paraphrasing:
Mary Lisle, a great Australian poetess describes the tragic sight of mutilated, lacerated and
destroyed pine trees in this stanza. The poetess says that the cruel and mercilessly people have
cut down the beautiful pine trees. The charming sound of the blowing wind through the
branches of the tree was just like conversation. After cutting down the pine trees that
conversation has ended and it could not be heard anymore. People have destroyed those
magnificent trees to fulfill their own needs such as making past and fences by Greek.
Wan in the sunlight for ghosts
The naked trunks lie
A bird nested there it will seek
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In vain: they have cut down the pines.

Paraphrasing:
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describe the tragic sight of mutilated, lacerated and
destroyed pine trees in this stanza. The poetess says that naked and lacerated trunk of the trees
lie destroyed on the ground. Their attenuated and ripped trunks look pale and weal’s in the
sunlight earlier. There were nests of birds in those beautiful pine trees but after cutting those
down the birds have lost their habitats. The happy quivering of the birds cannot be heard
anyone.
Unit # 13
Hazrat Umar (R.A)
Q.No1: Why did Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) deposit the jewels given by the
empress of the Roma to Hazrat war’s wife in the Bait-ul-Mal?
Ans: Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) deposited the jewels in the Bait-ul-Mal because they were
sent by the empress of Rome as an exchange to Umme Kalsoom. He (R.A) told Umme Kalsoom
that the perfumes were hers, but the ambassador used in the process was a government
employee.
Q.No2: Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of those people who served the new
religion with singleness of purpose. Describe the services of Hazrat Umar
(R.A) to Islam in the context of this statement?
Ans: The new religion Islam gained strength and power when Hazrat Umar (R.A) accepted
Islam. He gave great sacrifices for spread of the true religion Islam. He (R.A) remained Caliph
for ten years. During this tenure, He (R.A) served Muslims as a true servant and guardian.
Q.No3: Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s (R.A)
rule. Support this statement by giving evidences from the text?
Ans: Simplicity and humility were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) rule. His standard
of living was in no case higher than an ordinary men. Every individual of the state had easy
access to him and was free to question his actions. He (R.A) ordered the governors to eat coarse
food, wear coarse clothes and let the complaints have free access to him.
Q.No4: Why did Hazrat Umar (R.A) not eat wheat bread?
22
Ans: Hazrat Umar (R.A) did not eat wheat bread because its availability to every individual
of his dominion was not sure. According to him, it was not justice to eat a thing that was not
available for a common man.
Q.No5: How did Hazrat Umar (R.A) ensure his own accountability and the
accountability of his governors before the public during his government?
Ans: Hazrat Umar (R.A) emphasized and ensured His own and His governor’s accountability.
Everyone had easy and free access to him and was free to question his actions. Every governor
had to make sure that the complaint had free access to him.
Unit # 15
Equipment
THEY do me wrong who say come no more
When once I knock and fail to find you in,
For every day I stand outside your door
And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win.
Paraphrasing:
Walter Malone, an American poet rejects the commonly held belief that opportunity comes
only once. He says that it is wrong to say so because opportunity comes again and again. It
comes every day and knocks at our doors. It bid us every day to wake, rise for the fight and
win. Now, it is up to us to respond to it positively or neglect it.
Wail not for precious chances passed away!
Weep not for golden ages on the wane!
Each night I burn the records of the day
At sunrise every soul is born again!
Paraphrasing:
The poet, Walter Malone says that wailing and weeping for the golden ages of the past is futile
and it bears no fruit. Those golden days have passed and it will be a good idea to bury the past
that has passed. Stop grieving and let the bygones be bygones. Never get dismayed because

23
every sunrise is a symbol of hope and new beginning. It is never too late to turn your steering
towards your cherished destination.
Dost thou behold thy lost youth all aghast?
Dost reel from righteous Retribution's blow?
Then turn from blotted archives of the past
And find the future's pages white as snow.
Paraphrasing:
Walter Malone, the poet of the poem says that if you have a blotted and dreadful past which
makes you anxious, forget about it. Turn from those blotted archives of the past. Grieving the
past is futile because we cannot change it. The present is a golden opportunity that we are
blessed with and our future pages are as white as snow. It will be unwise to grieve what has
passed and not to take advantage of what we have in our hand.
Art thou a mourner? Rouse thee from thy spell
Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven
Each morning gives the wings to flee from hell,
Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven.
Paraphrasing:
The poet, Walter Malone acquaints his reader that being a mere mourner of the past has is
fruitless. If the cause of your mourning is your sins then seek forgiveness from the Almighty
Allah because the rain of HIS forgiveness is vast, HIS Sea of mercy is unending. Each morning
is a golden opportunity for you to flee from hell and each night is gifted to you in order to make
your way towards heaven.
Laugh like a boy at splendors that have sped
To vanish joys be blind and deaf and dumb;
My judgments seal the dead past with its dead,
But never bind a moment yet to come.
Paraphrasing:
The poet, Walter Malone advises the reader to forget about the joys and splendors of the past
that has vanished. Be blind, deaf and dumb to them. The poet says that opportunity seals the

24
dead past with its dead and to bury the dead is a common human law. He advises the reader to
forget about the past, but make full use of the opportunities that are yet to come.
Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep;
1 lend my arm to all who say " can!yi
No shame-faced outcast ever sank so deep
But yet might rise and be again a man!
Paraphrasing:
Walter Malone, the poet of the poem says that even in extreme difficult situations, do not weep
and not wring your hands because no soul is burdened more than his capacity. There is always
a way out for those who are patient, have courage and trust GOD. These qualities will lead you
out, no matter how deep you are sunk and how great your problems are.

25
ESSAYS
The Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
Introduction:
 Our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is the last messenger of ALLAH. He
(S.A.W) was born on ninth or twelfth of Rabi-ul-Awal in 571 A.D. He (S.A.W) was
the son of Abdullah bin Abdul Mutalib. He (S.A.W) belonged to Hashim family who
were descendants of Hazrat Ismail (A.S).
Life before Prophet Hood:
 The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was famous for his honesty and truthfulness throughout
Arabia. He (S.A.W) was called “Sadiq” and “Amin” because He (S.A.W) was very
honest and trust-worthy. Before the Prophet Hood, people brought disputes to Him
which He (S.A.W) used to solve justly and fairly.
Apostleship:
 The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) used to worship in a cave in a mount Hira. It was there that
He (S.A.W) received His first revelation through angel Hazrat Jibreel (A.S). He
(S.A.W) soon started to preach Islam. The people of Makkah turned against Him. He
(S.A.W) faced many hurdles, but did He (S.A.W) did not stop preaching Islam.
Migration:
 The cruelties of Quraish forced the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to look for a place outside of
Makkah. ALLAH (S.W.T) commanded the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to migrate to
Madina. Myriads of people embraced Islam and soon Madina became the center of
Islam.
Conquest of Makkah:
 Due to the atrocities of Quraish, the Muslim army led by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
conquered Makkah without any war. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) forgave all the people
of Makkah and People in enormous numbers were embracing Islam.
Conclusion:
 After accomplishing his mission, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) left this moral world at the
age of 63. His (S.A.W) teachings will enlighten the generation of the world till the Day
of Judgment.

26
Allama Iqbal
Introduction:
Allama Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877. He is our National poet. He is considered as
one of the most important figures in Urdu literature. He is known as Shair-e-Mashriq which
means the poet of the East.
Education:
Allama Iqbal was well educated. He passed matriculation exam in a local school at Sialkot. He
acquired his B.A at government college Lahore. From Munich University, he completed his
Ph.D.
Poetry:
Allama Iqbal was a great poet. His works are mainly in Urdu and Persian. Bang-e-Dara, Bale-
Gabriel, Javid-Nama and Zarb-e-Kaleem are some of his famous works. In his poetry, he
focused on the Muslim youth and on the re-awakening of the Muslim Ummah.
Politics:
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was one of the active leaders of the Muslim league. He worked for
the Muslim cause and raised his voice for this cause on various platforms. He emphasized on
the unity of the Muslims.
Nation of Pakistan:
Allama Iqbal was the first man who proposed the idea of a separate land for the Muslims. He
believed that the Hindus and Muslims were two different Nations and therefore could not live
together. Thus he is called the dreamer of Pakistan.
Conclusion:
This great champion of the Muslim cause could not see his dream of Pakistan coming true
because he died on 21st October 1938. He is buried near Badshahi Masjid.
My country
Introduction:
The term country refers to a part of land with a government and a considerable Population. My
country is Pakistan. It came into being on 14th August 1947.
Provinces:

27
My beloved country Pakistan has four provinces which are Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan. It is a beautiful and modern
city.
Rivers:
Pakistan has various rivers that enhance its beauty and grandeur. These rivers include Ravi,
Chennab, Jhelum, Sutlaj, Kabul and Indus. All these rivers are vital for the economic growth
of the country.
Languages:
My country Pakistan is a home of many languages. There are tens of languages spoken in
Pakistan. Among the major languages of Pakistan are Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Hindko, Kashmiri,
Saraiki and English. Urdu is the National language of Pakistan.
Culture:
Pakistan is home to various cultures that include Sindhi, Pashtoon, Punjabi and Balochi
cultures. The cultural diversity is immensely high. This diversity makes Pakistan a riot of
colors and an interesting country.
Economy:
Pakistan is one of the fast developing economies of the world. It is ranked as 24th in terms of
Purchasing power party. The nominal GDP of Pakistan, according to the year 2019 is 274
billion dollars. Pakistan is making every effort to be among the great economies of the world
in the near future.
Conclusion:
In short, my country Pakistan is blessed with many gifts. I love my country and my fellow
countrymen and hope that we will together make this country great.
My Hobby
Introduction:
Hobby is a task or activity that people usually do in their spare time in order to escape the daily
grind of life and work. I am very fond of reading and this is my hobby as well.
Reading a source of knowledge:

28
Reading is the best source of knowledge. Books are the treasures and bearers of knowledge for
centuries. Knowledge is kept and sought in books. My hobby makes me able to acquire more
and more knowledge.
Reading means of language acquisition:
Reading is an important means of languages acquisition people prefer and can easily acquire
second languages through reading. My hobby has made me able to acquire English, Urdu and
Arabic languages.
Reading a source of history and culture:
Reading is an important source of history and culture. My hobby enables me to know more
about the history of the world. It has also enabled me to know about diverse culture that this
world hosts.
Reading and Societal forms:
Reading plays a very important part in the reforming of society. In this respect, religious books
can be fine examples as they focus on the morality of man and enforce him to act righteously.
Reading and development:
Reading has a lot to do with development. It guides the man towards progress and development.
Today, man has reached a height in the field of science and technology. This huge progress
was not possible without reading.
Reading a means of success:
Reading is vital for successful life. Behind every successful men, there is the secret of
knowledge which is usually acquired from books.
Quaid-e-Azam
Introduction:
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first governor general and the founder of
Pakistan. He was born on 25th December 1876 at Karachi.
Education:
Quaid-e-Azam was among the highly qualified Muslim leaders of his time. He acquired his
early education at Sindh Madrasatul Islam for higher education, he travelled to England and
acquired a degree at law. He returned home as a qualified lawyer.

29
Political Career:
In the beginning of his political career, Quaid-e-Azam joined All India Congress. At this stage
he believed in Hindu Muslim unity. He was called the ambassador of the Hindu-Muslim unity
due to his services in this regard. Later on, he perceived that the congress was only working
for the interests of Hindus. Thus, he left All India Congress and Joined the Muslim league.
Creation of Pakistan:
Due to Quaid`s brave and fearless leadership, the demand of a separate homeland for the
Muslim gained more importance and eventually on 14th August 1947, the Muslim of the Sub-
continent achieved a separate homeland.
First Governor General of Pakistan:
After the Independence, Quaid became the first Governor General of Pakistan. He worked hard
day and Night for the Progress, development and well-being of the newly established country.
Conclusion:
A few months after the independence, Muhammad Ali Jinnah fell seriously ill. He was sent to
Ziarat to rest. He returned to Karachi and it was 11th September 1948 that this great leader left
the immortal world. He is no longer amongst us, but his memories will remain fresh in our
minds.

30
PAIRS OF WORDS:
Birth: The birth of Lenin caused communism in Russia.
Berth: I booked a berth on the train.
Beside: The pool is beside the restaurant.
Besides: Besides a doctor, he is a good human as well.
Bay: They are going to visit the bay tomorrow.
Bye: I baded good bye to my friends at the airport.
Cold: The weather is very cold in Murree.
Cool: Cool wind is blowing in the mountains.
Cattle: My friend has a cattle farm.
Kettle: The water is boiling in the kettle.
Canon: I cannot go against the cannons of the area.
Cannons: The booming of the cannons is everywhere during the war.
Cell: The culprit was thrown into a dark cell.
Sells: He sells fruits and vegetables in his shop.
Check: Security is tight as the police men are checking every car.
Cheque: He was issued a cheque by his boss.
Site: The site for the construction of the hospital has been chosen.
Cite: He often cites Iqbal in his speeches.
Fair: To cheat others is not a fair thing to do.
Fare: Transport fares rocketed last month.
Fat: I do not like fat people.
Fate: I do believe in fate.
Floor: The glass broke after falling on the floor.
Flour: The price of the flour are high these days.
Goal: My primary goal is to become a good human.
Gaol: The prisoners escaped from the gaol.
Hair: The child with the black hair is a prodigy.
Hare: They are hunting for hares.
Heel: Women like to wear high heels.
Heal: He got medicines for healing the wounds.
Human: Humans are blessed with diverse languages.

31
Humane: To hate others is not humane.
Ideal: The Holy prophet (S.A.W) is my ideal personality.
Idle: His notebook is incomplete because he is an idle student.
Lawyer: I have hired a very experienced lawyer for my case.
Liar: Do not believe liars.
PHRASES:
Carry on: Please carry on your work.
Come out: My new book will come out next month.
Cut down: The manager cut down the list of his employees.
Carry on: The boss told us to carry on our work.
Carry out: We should carry out the new plan of the school.
Come out: My new book will come out next month.
Get up: He gets up at 7: 00 every day.
Give away: We should give away money to the needy people.
Give to: My friends gave to drugs when he was fifteen.
Need for: I need for your help.
Pray for: Please pray for me.
Put on: We need to put on clean clothes.
Run out: He ran out of money because of gambling.
See off: He went to the airport to see off his friends.
Set out: We set out on foot towards the stadium.

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