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    Lesson 5 - 240331 - 223010 1

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    Lesson 5 - 240331 - 223010 1

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    Lesson 5_240331_223010 1

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    5 views17 pages

    Lesson 5 - 240331 - 223010 1

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    Digital Logic Circuits

    • Digital Computers
    • Logic Gates
    • Boolean Algebra
    Binary Division
    A Digital computer can be considered as a digital
    system that performs various computational tasks.
    A Digital computer can be considered as a digital
    system that performs various computational tasks.
    The hardware consists of all the electronic
    components and electromechanical devices that
    comprise the physical entity of the device.
    The software of the computer consists of the
    instructions and data that the computer
    manipulates to perform various data-processing
    tasks.
    The logic gates are the main structural part of a digital system.
    Logic Gates are a block of hardware that produces signals of binary 1 or 0 when input
    logic requirements are satisfied.
    Each gate has a distinct graphic symbol, and its operation can be described by means of
    algebraic expressions.
    The relationship between the input-output binary variables for each gate can be
    represented in tabular form by a truth table.
    Each gate has one or two binary input variables designated by A and B and one binary
    output variable designated by x.
    The seven basic logic gates includes: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR.
    The AND gate is an electronic circuit which gives a high output only if all its inputs
    are high. The AND operation is represented by a dot (.) sign.
    The OR gate is an electronic circuit which gives a high output if one or more of its
    inputs are high. The operation performed by an OR gate is represented by a plus (+)
    sign.
    The NOT Gate is a digital logic gate that performs the logical negation operation on a
    single binary input to produce a single binary output. As the NOT Gate inverts the input
    signal, it is also known as Inverter.

    The output of a NOT Gate is HIGH (1) only when its input is LOW (0). If the input signal is
    HIGH (1), then the output of the NOT Gate is LOW (0).

    The Boolean expression given for a NOT operation is ( – ) bar above the output, giving us
    the Boolean expression of Ā . So if the input signal is A, the output signal will be Ā. If A is 1,
    then Ā = 0; if A is 0, then Ā = 1.
    The NOT-AND (NAND) gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The
    NAND gate gives a high output if any of the inputs are low. The NAND gate is represented
    by a AND gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.
    The NOT-OR (NOR) gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. The NOR
    gate gives a low output if any of the inputs are high. The NOR gate is represented by an OR
    gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.
    The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if one of its inputs is
    high but not both of them. The XOR operation is represented by an encircled plus
    sign.
    The 'Exclusive-NOR' gate is a circuit that does the inverse operation to the XOR
    gate. It will give a low output if one of its inputs is high but not both of them. The
    small circle represents inversion.
    Boolean algebra can be considered as an algebra that deals with binary variables
    and logic operations. Boolean algebraic variables are designated by letters such as
    A, B, x, and y. The basic operations performed are AND, OR, and complement.
    The Boolean algebraic functions are mostly expressed with binary variables, logic
    operation symbols, parentheses, and equal sign. For a given value of variables, the
    Boolean function can be either 1 or 0. For instance, consider the Boolean function:
    F = x + y'z
    The logic diagram for the Boolean function F = x + y'z can be represented as:
    That is all!

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