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Unit 2 Steppermotor

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Unit 2 Steppermotor

Uploaded by

RAMESH BABU EEE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Stepper motors

It is an electrodynamics and electromagnetic equipment. These motors are also referred to as


step motors or stepping motors.
.

A stepper motor is brushless dc motor whose rotor rotates in discrete angular displacements
when its stator windings are energized in a programmed manner. Rotation occurs because of
magnetic interaction between rotor poles and poles of the sequentially energized winding. The
rotor has no electrical windings, but has salient and magnetic/or magnetized poles.

The stepper motor is a digital actuator whose input is in the form of digital signals and whose
output is in the form of discrete angular rotation. The angular rotation is dependent on the
number of input pulses the motor is suitable for controlling the position by controlling the
number of input pulses. Thus they are identically suited for open position and speed control.

Applications: Printers, Graph plotters, Tape driver, Disk Drives, Machine Tools, X-Y Recorders
Robotics space Vehicle, IC Fabrication and Electric Watches and synchronizing clocks.

Types of Stepper Motor:

There are three main types of stepper motors, they are:

1. Permanent magnet stepper


2. Hybrid synchronous stepper
3. Variable reluctance stepper
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor: Permanent magnet motors use a permanent magnet (PM)
in the rotor and operate on the attraction or repulsion between the rotor PM and the stator
electromagnets.

Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor: Variable reluctance (VR) motors have a plain iron rotor
and operate based on the principle that minimum reluctance occurs with minimum gap, hence
the rotor points are attracted toward the stator magnet poles.

Hybrid Synchronous Stepper Motor: Hybrid stepper motors are named because they use a
combination of permanent magnet (PM) and variable reluctance (VR) techniques to achieve
maximum power in a small package size.
Advantages of Stepper Motor:

1. The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse.


2. The motor has full torque at standstill.
3. Precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good stepper motors have an
accuracy of 3 – 5% of a step and this error is non cumulative from one step to the next.
4. Excellent response to starting, stopping and reversing.
5. Very reliable since there are no contact brushes in the motor. Therefore the life of the motor
is simply dependant on the life of the bearing.
6. The motors response to digital input pulses provides open-loop control, making the motor
simpler and less costly to control.
7. It is possible to achieve very low speed synchronous rotation with a load that is directly
coupled to the shaft.
8. A wide range of rotational speeds can be realized as the speed is proportional to the
frequency of the input pulses.
Working principle of stepper motor
fig. 39.6
speed torque curve of stepper motor
Two Marks
1.What is stepper motor?
A stepper motor is a digital actuator whose input is in the form of programmed energizationof
the stator windings and whose output is in the form of discrete angular rotation.
2. Define the term step angle.
Step angle is defined as the angle through which the stepper motor shaft rotates for each
command pulse. It is denoted as β.

3. Define slewing.
The stepper motor may be operate at very high stepping rates i.e., 25000 steps per second.
Astepper motor operates at high speeds is called slewing.
4. Write down the formula for motor speed of stepper motor.5. Define resolution.
It is defined as the number of steps needed to complete one revolution of the rotor shaft.
6. State some applications of stepper motor.
1. Floppy disk drives
2. Quartz watches 3. Camera shutter operation 4, Dot matrix and line printers 5. Machine tool
applications 6. Robotics
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of stepper motor?
Advantages1. It can driven open loop without feedback.2. Responds directly to digital control
signals, so stepper motors are natural choice for digitalcomputer controls.3. It is mechanically
simple.4, It requires little or no maintenance
Disadvantages1. Low efficiency with ordinary controller.2. Fixed step angle.3. Limited ability to
handle large inertia load4. Limited power output and sizes available

8. What are the different types of stepper motor?


1. Variable reluctance stepper motor 2. Permanent magnet stepper motor 3. Hybrid stepper
motor
9. What are the different modes of excitation in a stepper motor?
1. 1 - Phase on or full - step operation2. 2-phaseonmode3. Half- step operation (Alternate 1-
phase on and 2-phase on mode)4. Micro stepping operation
10. What is meant by full-step operation?
It is the one-phase on mode operation. It means, at that time only one winding is energized.By
energizing one stator winding, the rotor rotates some angle. It is the full-step operation.
11, What is meant by half- step operation?
It is the alternate one-phase on and 2-phase on mode operation. Here, the rotor rotate an
eachstep angle is half of the full-step angle.

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